Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided FNABiopsy

Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided FNABiopsy

Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided FNA Biopsy edited by H. Jack Baskin, M.D. Florida Thyroid and Endocrine Clinic Orlando, Florida, USA Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. 2000

... " Electronic Services <http://www.wkap.nl> Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Thyroid ultrasound and ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy 1 edited by H. Jack Baskin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-4757-3204-7 ISBN 978-1-4757-3202-3 (ebook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-4757-3202-3 1. Thyroid gland-diseases-diagnosis. 2. Thyroid gland-ultrasonic imaging. 3. Thyroid gland-needle biopsy. I. Baskin, H. Jack. [DNLM: 1. Thyroid Diseases-diagnosis. 2. Biopsy, Needle-methods. 3. Thyroid Gland-ultrasonography-methods. WK 200 T5485 2000] RC655.5.T56 2000 616.4'407543--dc21 99-047121 CIP Copyright <r> 2000 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Third Printing 2002. Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 This printing is a digital duplication of the original edition. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acidlree paper.

Contents List of contributors... vii Preface... ix Acknowledgments... xi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. History of Tbyroid Ultrasound H. Jack Baskin... 1 Principles of Ultrasound Tecbnique Dara Treadwell... 9 Metbod of Performing Ultrasonograpby of tbe Neck Manfred Blum and Joseph Yee... 35 Comparison of Ultrasound witb Otber Types of Tbyroid Imaging H. Jack Baskin... 59 Ultrasound of Tbyroid Nodules H. Jack Baskin... 71 Neck Ultrasound and tbe Endocrine Surgeon Edward Paloyan, Regina P. Walker, and Ann M. Lawrence... 87 Tbyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Hossein Gharib... 103 Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Tbyroid Nodules Richard S. Haber... 125 Tecbniques of Ultrasound-Guided FNA Biopsy Tomotsu Yokuzawa, Kanji Kuma, and Masahiro Sugawara... 137

vi 10. 11. 12. Tbe Role of Ultrasound in Managing Thyroid Cancer H. Jack Baskin... '"...,... 155 Percutaneous Etbanol Injection of Benign Tbyroid Nodules and Cysts Using Ultrasound Enrico Papini and Claudio M. Pacella...,.,. '"... 169 Color Flow Doppler Sonograpby of tbe Thyroid Fausta Bogazzi, Luigi Bartalena, and Professor Enio Martino...,... '" '" '".,...,..., '"... 215 Index... '"...,...,... 239

Contributors H. Jack Baskin, M.D. 2921 North Orange Avenue Orlando, FL 32804, USA Luigi Bartalena, M.D. Instituto di Endocrinologia University of Pisa Via Paradisa, 2 56124, Pisa, Italy Fausta Bogazzi, M.D. Instituto di Endocrinologia University of Pis a Via Paradisa, 2 56124, Pisa, Italy Manfred Blum, M.D. Professor of Clinical Medicine and Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016, USA Hossein Gharib, M.D. Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA Richard Haber, M.D. Mount Sinai Hospital Box 1055 5th Avenue & 100th Street New York, New York 10029, USA Kanji Kuma, M.D. Kuma Hospital Kobe, 650-0011, Japan Ann M. Lawrence, M.D., Ph.D. Loyola University Medical Center Maywood, IL 60153 USA

viii Professor Enio Martino Instituto di Endocrinologia University of Pisa Via Paradisa, 2 56124, Pisa, Italy C.M. Pacella, M.D. Department of Endocrine, Metabolic and Digestive Diseases Ospedale Regina Apostolorum 00041, Albano, Rome, Italy Edward Paloyan, M.D. 827 Taft Road Hindaie, IL 60521-4836, USA Enrico Papini, M.D. Department of Endocrine, Metabolic and Digestive Diseases Ospedale Regina Apostolorum 00041, Albano, Rome, Italy Masahiro Sugawara, M.D. VA Medical Center & UCLA School of Medicine West Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA Dara R. Treadwell, B.S. 100 North Park Avenue Apopka, FL 32703-4146, USA Regina P. Walker, M.D. Loyola University Medical Center Maywood, IL 60153 USA Joseph Vee, M.D. Professor of Clinical Medicine and Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016, USA Tomotsu Yokozawa, M.D. Kuma Hospital Kobe, 650, Japan

Preface Over the past two decades ultrasound has undergone numerous advances in technology such as gray-scale imaging, real-time sonography, high resolution 7.5-10 Mtz transducers, and color-flow Doppler that make uhrasound unsurpassed in its ability to provide very accurate images of the thyroid gland quickly, inexpensively, and safely. However, in spite of these advances, ultrasound remains drastically underutilized by endocrinologists. In part, this is due to a lack of understanding of the ways in which ultrasound can aid in the diagnosis of various thyroid conditions and to a lack of experience in the ultrasound technique by the clinician. The purpose of this book is to demonstrate how ultrasound is integrated with the history, physical examination, and other thyroid tests (especially FNA biopsy) to provide valuable information that can be used to improve patient care. Numerous ultrasound examples are used to show the interactions between ultrasound and tissue characteristics and explain their clinical significance. Also presented is the work of several groups of investigators worldwide who have explored new applications of ultrasound that has led to novel techniques that are proving clinically useful. In order to reach its full potential, it is critical that thyroid ultrasound be performed by the examining physician. This book instructs the physician how to perform the ultrasound at the bedside so that it becomes part of the physical examination. Among the new developments discussed are the new digital phased-array transducers, which allow ultrasound and FNA biopsy to be combined in the technique of ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy. Over the next decade, this technique will become a part of our routine clinical practice and a powerful new tool in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and in the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients.

Acknowledgement Special thanks and appreciation are accorded to Mrs. Kathryn Holsinger who provided expert secretarial assistance during the preparation and editing of this textbook.

Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided FNABiopsy