Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 13 (8): 484-488, 2014 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2014 Investigtions into the Addition of Herl Methionine (Phytonin) As Sustitute of Synthetic Methionine in Poultry Feeds 2-Effect of Herl Methionine (Phytonin) Supplementtion on Performnce nd Crcss Chrcteristics of Broiler Chicks Irhim, I. Hmid Animl Production Reserch Center-Khrtoum North, Sudn Astrct: This study ws crried out during the period from Ferury to Mrch, 2014 t the Animl Production center (APRP) to investigte the replcement of the herl methionine (HM, Phytonin) for synthetic methionine (SM) on the performnce nd crcss chrcteristics of roiler chicks. A numer of 112 one dy old roiler chicks Arer Ackers hyrid were used in this study nd divided into 4 equl groups sudivided into 4 replictes with 7 irds ech. Birds were fed sl diet supplemented with 100:0, 50:50, 25:75 nd 0:100% SM:HM for period of 6 weeks. Experimentl rtions were formulted to furnish the nutrient requirements in the strter nd finisher period s recommended y the Ntionl Reserch Council (NRC, 1994). No significnt difference ws oserved mong the dietry tretments in terms of performnce indices, feed intke, ody weight gin nd feed conversion rtio (Kg feed per Kg gin). No significnt differences were oserved on crcss chrcteristics represented y the crcss cuts; rest, thigh, drumstick nd wings s well s gilets; liver, hert nd gizzrd. Adominl ft ws not significntly ffected, which indictes tht HM Phytonin cn replce prtilly or totlly SM. Key words: Herl methionine, synthetic methionine, feed intke, roiler chickens INTRODUCTION Methionine is considered s the first limiting mino cid in poultry diets. It is very essentil for ll vitl iologicl functions of irds. It my donte sulphur groups, methyl groups or serve s uilding lock of proteins. Methionine lso prticiptes in trnsmethyltion rection where mino cids re metolized to form energy. For long period of time, the SM ws een dded in roilers rtions formultion to meet the requirement of methionine for roiler chicks. Recently the cost of SM hs een on the increse with resultnt increse in the cost of finished poultry feed. The sfety of the SM supplementtion in poultry diets hs een questioned nd its use is ecoming restricted in mny regions of the world, demonstrted Frncis et l. (2012). Kies et l. (1975) mentioned tht, if the use of DL-methionine hs tendency to rise methionine plsm levels in clves, then it stnds to reson tht crcsses of DL-fed roilers could esily contin trces of D-methionine. The sustnce poorly utilized y the humn. Chttopdhyy et l. (2006) issued tht there re other nturl lterntive supplements recently developed to replce SM for mintining niml performnce nd well eing. As the sme line, n Indin compny clled Nturl Remidies developed n HM nmed (Phytonin), which is comintion of plnts which hve similr mechnisms of ction in the ody s of the SM. This product is now ville in Sudn with lower price compred to the SM. Former studies on the efficiency of HM on roiler chickens were done y Chttopdhyy et l. (2006), Hlder nd Roy (2007) nd Klnde et l. (2009) who found tht roiler chickens fed on diets supplemented with HM (Methiorep ) hd similr performnce in terms of ody weight, weight gin nd feed conversion efficiency with irds fed on DL-methionine. In contrst Itoe et l. (2010) supplied roilers from 0-4 week of ge with SM nd HM (Methiorep, were diet 1 control (without ddition) nd diet 2 hd 0.25% SM, while diets 3-5 hd grded levels of 0.25, 0.5 nd 1% Methiorep respectively. They Found tht HM (Methiorep) gve significntly inferior growth performnce even t 1% level compred to tht otined on the 0.25% SM supplemented diet. Most of these studies were conducted in Indi where the products re mnufctured. The ojective of this study is to evlute the effect of the HM Phytonin on performnce nd crcss chrcteristics of roiler chicks under Sudn condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimentl tril: An experimentl tril ws crried out t Animl Production Reserch Center (APRC). A numer of 112 one dy old commercil roiler chicken Arer Ackers hyrid supplied y the Ar Poultry Breeders Co. Ltd. (Ommt) were used in this study. Birds were rised in rooder house for 7 dys dpttion period nd fed on prestrter diet, efore they were trnsferred to floor cges (ech 1 x 1 m) in n open sided house. Birds were divided into 4 equl groups 484
replicted 4 times with 7 irds per replicte per cge weighed (hot crcss weight), then chilled in iced nd (4 x 4 x 7) nd llocted to the experimentl diets. The slted wter nd kept in deep freezer under -18 C t the rooder nd experimentl house nd equipments were Center. The dissection ws crried out for the cold crefully clened nd disinfected prior to the rrivl of crcss, wherey rest, thigh, drumstick nd wings irds. A deep litter 5 cm depth form wood shvings were crefully cut. Their proportions to live ody weight ws used. Chicks were vccinted ginst Newcstle, were recorded. Infectious Bronchitis nd Gumoro diseses ccording to the progrmme followed t the Center, where this Dt sttisticl nlysis: SttSoft (2001). Sttistic experiment ws crried. A deep litter 5 cm depth form (dt nlysis softwre system), version 6. Ws used. wood shvings ws used. Dt otined were sujected to one wy nlysis of Four experimentl roiler diets were formulted such vrince to detect significnt tretment differences. The tht diet A contined only SM (100%) s the min source mens were seprted using the Duncns New Multiple of methionine supplement while in diets B, C nd D the Rnge Test (DNMRT) (Duncns, 1955). SM ws proportionlly replced y HM; 50:50%, 25:75 nd 0:100% SM:HM. Tle 1 nd 2 represent the composition of the experimentl rtions nd clculted nutrients content for the strter (2-4WK) nd finisher period (4-6W), respectively. The diets were lnced to meet the nutrients requirement of roiler ccording to the recommendtions of the Ntionl Reserch Council (NRC, 1994) nd Arer Ackers reeders directions. Feed nd wter were offered d liitum. Feed intke, live ody weight gin nd feed conversion were recorded weekly. Mortlity ws monitored dily nd recorded when ever occurred. Crcss chrcteristics determintion: By the end of the experiment, representtive smple of one irds per replicte were mnully killed for the determintion of crcss chrcteristics. Then they were sclded, defethered nd eviscerted. Gilets; liver, gizzrd nd hert s well s dominl ft were isolted nd seprtely weighed. Fethers, heds, shnks nd internl viscer were removed nd condemned. The eviscerted crcsses were gently wshed nd Tle 1: Experimentl roiler strter rtions composition (%) (1-4 wk) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Dt collected ws tulted, sttisticlly nlyzed nd recorded. The following tles crry the results followed y discussions. Tle 3 shows the effect of the methionine source on feed intke. This result showed no significnt difference (p<0.05) etween the different groups in their feed intke through the whole experimentl period, however, group B (50%SM+50%HM) displyed the highest feed intke in the 3rd week of ge compred to other groups. The weekly live ody weight gin results presented in Tle 4 nd showed no sttisticl difference (p<0.05) etween the studied groups. In exception to the results of weight gin in the 3rd week ws higher y group B (50%SM+50%HM) thn the other experimentl groups, ut not significntly different from tht of the groups A nd D. This difference ws not significnt mong the other weeks of the experiment. Feed conversion rtio (FCR) ws significntly similr (p<0.05) mong the tested groups throughout the different experimentl Rw mteril/tretment A B C D SM:HM 100%:O 50:50% 25:75% 0:100% Sorghum 68.8 68.8 68.8 68.8 Groundnut cke 25 25 25 25 roiler concentrte 5%* 5 5 5 5 Lime stone 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Slt 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Lysine 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Zetox (Antimycotoxine) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Dl methionine 0.2 0.1 0.05 0 Herl methionine (Phytonin) 0 0.1 0.15 0.2 Totl 100 100 100 100 Clculted nutrient composition Protein (%) 23 23 23 23 ME, Kcl/ kg 2992 2992 2992 2992 Clcium (%) 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 Phosphorus (%) 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 Lysine (%) 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 Methionine (%) 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 Broiler concentrte* (Intrco) = 2300 Kcl/kg, 4% EE, 7% CF, 6% C, 4% Ph, 11% Lys nd 3% Me 485
Tle 2: Experimentl roiler finisher rtions composition (%) (4-6th wk) Rw mteril/tretment A B C D SM:HM 100%:O 50:50% 25:75% 0:100% Sorghum 75 75 75 75 Groundnut cke 19 19 19 19 roiler concentrte 5%* 5 5 5 5 Lime stone 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Slt 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Lysine 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Zetox (Antimycotoxin) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Dl methionine 0.2 0.1 0.05 0 Herl methionine, (Phytonin) 0 0.1 0.15 0.2 Totl 100 100 100 100 Clculted nutrient composition Protein (%) 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 ME (Kcl/kg) 3026 3026 3026 3026 Clcium (%) 1 1 1 1 Phosphorus (%) 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 Lysine (%) 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 Methionine (%) 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 Broiler concentrte* (Intrco) = 2300 Kcl/kg, 4% EE, 7% CF, 6% C, 4% Ph, 11% Lys nd 3% Me Tle 3: Effect of HM (Phytonin) on feed intke g/ird/week, Men ± SD Tretment/week 2 3 4 5 6 A (100%SM) 198±18 368±34 535±54 746±13 792±7 B (50%SM+50%HM) 204±7 432±14 549±9 761±32 775±71 C (25%SM+75%HM) 179±17 363±20 514±46 680±46 721±53 D (100%HM) 179±14 363±56 506±17 681±25 750±40 LS NS ** NS NS NS SD: Stndrd devition, NS: Not Significnt (p>0.05), LS: Level of significnce Tle 4: effect of HM (Phytonin) on live ody weight gin g/ird/week, Men ± SD Tret./week 2 3 4 5 6 A (100%SM) 102±15 243±22 324±61 375±39 315±7 B (50%SM+50%HM) 107±5 259±7 312±21 423±21 307±40 C (25%SM+75%HM) 86±18 c 227±16 324±45 381±30 314±32 D (100%HM) 99±10 237±17 292±13 355±60 312±39 LS NS ** NS NS NS SD: Stndrd devition, NS: Not Significnt (p>0.05), LS: Level of significnce weeks (Tle 5). The difference found y feed intke nd weight gin in the 3rd week of ge (Tle 3 nd 4) is not oserved in cse of FCR (Tle 5) ecuse the irds consumed much feed (Group B (50%SM+50%HM) gined the highest ody weight. The resons for the high feed intke y group re not cler. The results of the effect HM on the roilers performnce prmeters during the whole period (2-6 weeks of ge) ws summrized in Tle 6 showed no significnt difference (p<0.05) mong the dietry tretments in terms of ody weight gin nd FCR. The present results indicte tht, 50% SM+50% HM (Phytonin) (1 kg SM+1 kg HM/Tonne feed) group gve the est Kg performnce results, however, consumed high feed mount. The performnce of the groups fed 100% SM or 100% HM Phytonin (2 kg/tonne feed ech) ws similr. These results re in consensus with the findings of Klnde et l. (2009) who offered 1 kg HM (Methiorep ) nd 1kg SM /tonne of commercil roiler diets from 0-42 dy nd oserved tht HM cn replce SM very efficiently when used t the rte 1 g/kg diet. Chttopdhyy et l. (2006) used different levels of methionine control, control plus 10 g SM/kg diet; control plus 10 g HM nd 15 g HM (Heromethion )/kg roiler feed nd oserved tht, the ody weight nd ody weight gin of the roilers fed the 15 g HM/kg diet were hevier thn the other groups. This difference cn e explined y the high level of HM (15 kg/tonne feed) nd the type of HM (Heromethion ), on the other hnd this level will e more expensive to frmers compred to others. The finding of this study were lso similr to those of Hlder nd Roy (2007) who fed roiler chickens on diets supplemented with HM nd found similr performnce in terms of ody weight nd weight gin nd feed conversion efficiency with those irds fed on SM. However, the current results disgree with Itoe et l. (2010) who showed tht irds fed the methionine supplemented diet performed significntly (p<0.05) etter thn other irds fed diet supplemented with HM 486
Tle 5: Effect of HM (Phytonin) on FCR (g feed/g gin), Men ± SD Tretment/weeks 2 3 4 5 6 A (100%SM) 2.0±0.2 1.5±0.1 1.7±0.3 2.0±0.3 2.5±0.1 B (50%SM+50%HM) 1.9±0.1 1.7±0.1 1.8±0.1 1.8±0.0 2.5±0.2 C 0(25%SM+75%HM) 2.1±0.3 1.6±0.0 1.6±0.3 1.8±0.1 2.3±0.1 D (100%HM 1.8±0.1 1.5±0.2 1.7±0.1 2.0±0.3 2.4±0.2 LS NS NS NS NS NS SD: Stndrd devition, NS: Not Significnt (p>0.05), LS: Level of significnce Tle 6: Performnce of roiler chicks (1-6 wk of ge) fed on SM nd HM (Phytonin) Tretment A B C D Prmeters/ SM:HM 100:0% 50:50% 25:75% 100:0% LS Initil ody weight, g/ird 124±4.8 124±4.4 124±4.3 124±3.4 NS Finl ody weight, g/ird 1491±55 1532±75 1456±78 1417±50 NS Body weight gin, g/ird 1367±60 1408±72 1333±79 1295±50 NS Feed intke, g/ird 2639±102 2720±209 c 2457±107 c 2479±67 * Feed conversion rtio 1.9±0.03 1.9±0.02 1.9±0.04 1.9±0.07 NS c : Mens with different superscript on the sme row differ significntly (p<0.05) NS: Not Significnt (p>0.05); *: Significnt t p<0.05; LS: Level of Significnce Tle 7: Effect of HM, Phytonin on crcss cuts s (%) of ody live weight A B C D Cut/tretment 100%SM 50%SM+50%HM 25%SM+75%HM 100%HM LS Brest (%) 27.3±3.3 22.5±0.5 22.0±5 22.5±0.5 NS Thigh (%) 12.4±2.4 11.9±2.4 12.0±2.4 11.9±1.5 NS Drumstick (%) 11.5±1.9 12.0+2.5 10.3±0.6 12.0±2.5 NS Wings (%) 9.0±1.3 7.8±1.1 8.6±0.5 7.8±1.1 NS LS: Significnce level NS: Not significnt Tle 8: Effect of HM, Phytonin on the edile orgns (gilets) nd dominl ft A B C D Orgn/tretment 100%SM 50%SM+50%HM 25%SM+75%HM 100%HM LS Liver (g) 41±12.8 49±9.1 42±4.2 38±12.3 NS Gizzrd (g) 23±4.0 22±2.8 21±1.4 23±4.0 NS Hert (g) 8.8±1.7 8.8±0.5 8.3±1.0 8.1±0.6 NS Adominl ft (g) 17±5.9 25±6.2 19±6.1 17±2.8 NS LS: Level of significnce NS: Not significnt (Methiorep) in ody weights, weight gins, feed intke, nd the weights dominl ft of the different groups. feed to gin. This my e ecuse they used different Wng et l. (2004) greed tht, the effect of methionine type of HM in strter period (0-4 wk) only nd the supplementtion in met ducks feed ws not significnt conditions of the studies were different. on dominl ft The present results lso indicted It ws oserved in this study tht, neither SM nor HM tht, the dominl ft nd liver weights decresed supplementtion hd effect on roiler mortlity. This (not significntly) with the increse of HM in the diet; 38, result grees with the findings of Chttopdhyy et l. 42 nd 49 g liver/ird nd 25, 19 nd 17 g/ird (2006). dominl ft for the group fed 50, 75 nd 100% HM/kg roiler feed, respectively (Tle 8). This result greed Effect of HM, Phytonin on crcss chrcteristics: The with Chttopdhyy et l. (2006) who found dominl results of the effect of HM, Phytonin on crcss ft (%) nd liver lipid (g/kg) ws significntly decresed chrcteristics ws presented in the following tles y the ddition of 15 g HM/kg diet compred to 10 g followed y the discussions. HM/kg. The iggest weights of liver nd dominl ft y Tle 7 showed no significnt differences (p<0.05) on the group (50%SM: 50%HM) could e ttriuted to the crcss cuts; rest, thigh, drumsticks or highest feed nd energy consumption of this group, wings% of the corresponding live ody weight mong which ws stored or in form of ft in liver nd domen, the different groups. The 100% SM (group A) showed when it ecme more tht required for growth nd (not significntly) the iggest rest% of live weight mintennce of the roilers. compred to other groups. Wng et l. (2004) found mrked nd significnt response to methionine Conclusion: From these results it cn e concluded tht, supplementtion (1.2 g DL-methionine/kg) in rest yield in ducks. Tle 8 revel no significnt differences (p<0.05) etween the gilet weights; liver, hert, gizzrd the HM (Phytonin) cn totlly or prtilly sustitute the SM in roiler feed without dverse effect on roiler performnce nd crcss chrcteristics. 487
Referring to finding of this study on (Phytonin) s methionine replcer in lyers diets. It cn e dvocted tht (Phytonin) cn e used s methionine replcement for oth lyers nd roilers without dverse effect on production or qulity. REFERENCES Chttopdhyy, K., M.K. Mondl nd B. Roy, 2006. Comprtive efficcy of DL-methionine nd herl methionine on performnce of roiler chicken. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5: 1034-1039. Duncn, D.B., 1955. Multiple rnge test nd multiple F-tests. Biomet., 11: 1-42. Frncis, A. Idn, Adekunle M. Irhim nd Bmidele I. Osho, 2012. Comprtive efficcy of herl nd SM on performnce of some hemtologicl nd iochemicl prmeters in domestic lying hens. Afr. J. Biotech., 11: 10617-10625. Hlder, G. nd B. Roy, 2007. Effect of herl or SM on performnce, cost enefit rtio, met nd fether qulity of roiler chicken. Int. J. Agric. Res., 2: 987-996. Itoe, S., I.I. Dfwng nd G.S. Bw, 2010. Evlution of Methiorep s Sustitute for Methionine in Broiler Diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 809-812. Klnde, V.H., K. Rviknth, S. Mini nd D.S. Rekhe, 2009. Methionine supplementtion options in poultry. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 8: 588-591. Kies, C., H. Fox nd S. Aprhmin, 1975. Comprtive vlue of L nd D-methionine supplementtion of n ot-sed diet for humns. J. Nutr., 105: 809-814. NRC, 1994. Ntionl Reserch Council, Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9thedn. Ntionl Acdemy Press, Wshington DC. SttSoft, Inc., 2001. Sttistic (dt nlysis softwre system), version 6. www.sttsoft.com. Wng, Y.Z., Z.R. Xu nd J. Feng, 2004. The effect of etine nd DL-methionine on growth performnce nd crcss chrcteristics in met ducks. Anim. Feed Sci. nd Techn., 116: 151-159. 488