Food and Veterinary Office Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Europe survey results Nándor Pete
Topics General situation in the EU Specific situation of the Member States Interceptions Conclusions R. ferrugineus in Europe 2
Source of information Notification of outbreaks Article 16(2) of Directive 2000/29/EC (since 1996) Surveys: 2007-2009 Article 5 of Commission Decision 2007/365/EC Interceptions of infested consignments reported to EUROPHYT R. ferrugineus in Europe 3
Notified first outbreaks 1996 - Spain 2004 Italy 2005 Greece 2006 Cyprus, France 2007 Malta, Portugal 2009 Slovenia R. ferrugineus in Europe 4
Outbreak notifications First notification 1996 (ES) 14 notifications since 2005 2005 - October ES 2006 - January EL, September CY, October ES, October IT, November IT 2007 - May IT, September MT 2009 - February IT, November ES, November IT 2010 - January ES, February IT Completeness, delays R. ferrugineus in Europe 5
Surveys in Member States 2007-2009 Number of sites inspected AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HU 2007 20 69 41 138 51 >24 10 X >306 5096 X NM 31 2008 9 103 43 206 42 >54 >3 X >218 4987 X >1600 26 2009 44 106 69 154 50 52? X 1187 >5508 X >1581 25 IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK 2007 15 >4306 X X 3 164 95 X 102 8 X 18 3 88 2008 93? X? 2 488 62 26 158 17 4 19? 139 2009 73 10811 X? X 427 85 21 512 34 25 36 53 115 X=no survey,?= no data R. ferrugineus in Europe 6
Surveys - pest status in 2009 Not reported Not surveyed Present R. ferrugineus in Europe 7
Pest status of R. ferrugineus in the EU Outbreaks in 8 Member States Detections after Commission emergency measures 2007 - MT, PT 2009 -SI Found In public, private areas (open spaces) - CY, EL, ES, FR, IT, MT, PT, SI in nurseries, garden centres - CY, IT, MT, ES, PT Member States with the highest number of outbreaks - IT, ES R. ferrugineus in Europe 8
Outbreaks in the Member States (2009) Cyprus Greece France Italy Malta Portugal Slovenia Spain Total 2007 45 36 161 3894 11 13 0 1454 Total 2008 100 241 252 n.a. 131 37 0 2253 Total 2009 83 425 39 (1) 6854 (2) 28 76 (1) 2 2480 Public, private areas Producers, sellers 73 425 39(1) 6842 (2) 23 75 2 2208 10 0 0 10 5 1 0 272 (1) Municipalities with outbreaks (2) Outbreak sites + municipalities with outbreaks R. ferrugineus in Europe 9
Susceptible species CY FR GR IT MT PT SI ES Areca catechu Arecastrum spp.*** Chamaerops humilis Hoewa forsteriana*** Jubea chiliensis*** Livistona australis Phoenix canariensis Phoenix dactylifera Phoenix sylvestris * Phoenix theophrasti ** Sabal umbraculifera * Trachycarpus fortunei Washingtonia spp. * Contamination detected for the first time since 2006 ** Contamination detected for the first time in 2009 ***Species not listed in Decision 2007/365 R. ferrugineus in Europe 10
Survey results - comments 2007 survey started after the emergency decision 2008 and 2009 - considered as full years MS - different interpretation of survey tasks Completeness of survey R. ferrugineus in Europe 11
Situation in Cyprus New in 2009 : Lefkosia Pafos Lacarna Lemessos R. ferrugineus in Europe 12
Situation and evolution in Cyprus First finding in 2006 Number of outbreaks 2007-45 2008-100 2009-83 Developments in 2009 first occurrence in district Lefkosia Expansion of the infested areas, especially in district Lemessos More than 30 000 plants chemically treated in the demarcated areas Traps both in infested and non infested areas R. ferrugineus in Europe 13
Situation in Greece Prefectures where contaminated trees were found 0 - East Attica, Athens (four prefectures, infection found in 2) 2- Euboea 6- Beotia 14-15-16-17 : Crete 25- Preveza 40 Rhodos (Dodekanese) 47-Ilia R. ferrugineus in Europe 14
Situation and evolution in Greece 2005 - First finding 2007 36 outbreaks 2008-241 outbreaks in 3 prefectures (incomplete surveys) 2009 Present in 11 prefectures First finding on P. theophrasti in Crete (pref. Heraklion) R. ferrugineus in Europe 15
Situation in Spain ARAGON : New in 2009 CATALUÑA I. BALEARES C. VALENCIANA ANDALUCIA MURCIA Contact with outbreak in PT R. ferrugineus in Europe 16
Evolution in Spain First finding in 1996 - Andalucia Region Number of outbreaks (outbreaks in Nurseries) 2007 2008 2009 Andalucia 608 (0) 1 114 (10) 1 168 (17) Murcia 454 (4) 651(1) 501 (1) C. Valenciana 146 (89) 258 (189) 372 (245) Cataluña 160 (1) 218 (2) 228 (8) Islas Baleares 86 (0) 112 (0) 210 (1) Aragón 0 0 1 (0) TOTAL 1454 (94) 2253 (202) 2480 (272) R. ferrugineus in Europe 17
Situation in Spain in 2009 Total number of outbreaks increased slightly increased in C. Valenciana and Baleares stayed steady in Andalucia, Cataluña decreased in Murcia The number of contaminated nurseries increased in C. Valenciana considerably, Andalucia and Cataluña - to a lesser extend in High number of contaminated nurseries in C. Valencianac R. ferrugineus is present in 6 regions, large areas are infested in 5 of these Found in Aragón for the first time R. ferrugineus in Europe 18
Situation in France Pest found in one or few traps One or few trees found contaminated Significant number of trees found contaminated R ferrugineus in Europe 19
Situation and evolution in France First finding: 2006 Number of trees found infested Corse Provence-Alpes- Languedoc France Côte d Azur 2007 74 87 0 161 2008 75 176 1 252 2009 200 617 4 821 R. ferrugineus in Europe 20
France: number of municipalities in infested zones Region Corse Provence-Alpes-Côte d Azur Languedoc France Departement Bouches du Rhone Var Alpes Maritimes Herault Pyrenées Orientales 2007 2 2 12 0 1* 2* 19 2008 2 2 22 1 2* 3 32 2009 4 2 27 2 2* 3 39 *R. ferrogineus was found in traps only R. ferrugineus in Europe 21
Present in 3 regions Situation in 2009 The majority of the infested trees found in Provence-Alpes-Côte d Azur (departement of Var) The number of trees and the number of municipalities infested has increased constantly since 2007 In some areas the pest was found in traps only R. ferrugineus in Europe 22
Situation in Italy : outbreaks New 2010 R. ferrugineus in Europe 23
Situation in Italy 2004 first findings reported 2007 five regions infested 2008 no survey data was communicated 2009 - The pest was found in 10 regions 2010 An additional region was found infested (Basilicata) Large infested areas in certain regions (Puglia, Campania, Sicilia, Lazio) Highest range of palm species infested (9) in Sicilia Two findings in forest in east Sicilia (P. canariensis) R. ferrugineus in Europe 24
Evolution in Italy Regions Municipalities considered as infested 2007 Municipalities considered as infested 2009 Campania 129 218 Sicilia 62 128 Lazio 15 75 Calabria 1 12 Liguria 1 5 The number of municipalities found infested has increased significantly in all 5 regions R. ferrugineus in Europe 25
Situation in Italy in 2009 Region Municipalities considered as infested Total number of Municipalities Infested Municipalities Puglia 123 258 48 % Campania 218 551 40 % Sicilia 128 390 33 % Lazio 75 378 20 % Sardegna 13 377 3 % Abruzzo 12 305 4 % Calabria 12 409 3 % Marche 8 239 3 % Liguria 5 235 2 % Molise 1 136 1 % Basilicate (2010) 1 131 1 % R. ferrugineus in Europe 26
Situation in Malta 1 demarcated area Free area R. ferrugineus in Europe 27
Situation and evolution in Malta 2007 - first finding (11 outbreak sites) 2008 131 outbreak sites 2009 Gozo is free One demarcated Outbreaks sites (28) decreased 5 findings in garden centre R. ferrugineus in Europe 28
Situation in Portugal New 2009: Lisboa e Vale Tejo Madeira R. ferrugineus in Europe 29
Evolution in Portugal First finding reported in 2007 Region Number Municipios entirely or partly infested (Number of outbreaks) 2007 2008 2009 Algarve 4 7 8 Madeira 0 0 4 Centro 1 2 3 Lisboa e Vale Tejo 0 0 3 TOTAL 5 (13) 9 (37) 18 (76) R. ferrugineus in Europe 30
Situation and evolution in Portugal R. ferrugineus is present in 3 regions of mainland Portugal in Madeira Algarve is the most contaminated region Since 2007 the pest is spreading More infested regions, municipalities More outbreaks R. ferrugineus in Europe 31
Situation in Slovenia KOPER PIRAN R. ferrugineus in Europe 32
2009 First findings Situation in Slovenia Piran one P. dactylifera and 5 P. canariensis in the same private gardens. Owner brought trees from IT (Sicilia) in 2007. Koper : one P. canariensis found infested R. ferrugineus in Europe 33
Interceptions reported to EUROPHYT 2005 2 Origin: Egypt; Reported: France 2006 88 Origin: Egypt, Israel, Argentina*; Reported: Cyprus, Italy 2007 before the emergency measure 25 Origin: Egypt, Costa Rica*, Uruguay*; Chile*; Reported: Italy 2007 after the emergency measure 12 Origin: Egypt, Uruguay*; Reported: Italy 2008 9 Origin: Egypt, Costa Rica*; Reported by: Italy 2009 1 Origin: Egypt; Reported by: Spain *Interceptions from South America Rhynchophorus palmarum? R. ferrugineus in Europe 34
Conclusions I. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is present in every Member State where susceptible palm trees are grown outdoor Present in large areas for several years The level of outbreak, on which the 2007 emergency decision was based, was significantly higher than assumed 2007 2009 except Malta significant increase in number of outbreaks, in contaminated area The range of contaminated species has increased, especially within the regions with high density of outbreaks Completeness, homogeneity of surveys, early detection (e.g. use of traps) R. ferrugineus in Europe 35
Conclusions II. Appropriateness of the emergency measures Eradication (detection, delimination of infected areas, measures) Containment (natural spread, nursery material, uninfected areas) The range of contaminated areas, species scale of economic, environmental damage Free areas (where, how long) Sustainability of the current EU rules R. ferrugineus in Europe 36
Thank you for your attention R. ferrugineus in Europe 37