Antifibrinolüütikumid-kellele ja. Kristjan Kalling, Põhja-Eesti Regionaalhaigla

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Transcription:

Antifibrinolüütikumid-kellele ja millal? Kristjan Kalling, Põhja-Eesti Regionaalhaigla 111111

Antifibrinolüütikumid B02A Antifibrinolytics B02AA Amino acids B02AA01 Aminocaproic acid B02AA02 Tranexamic acid B02AA03 Aminomethylbenzoic acid B02AB Proteinase inhibitors B02AB01 Aprotinin B02AB02 Alfa1 antitrypsin B02AB03 C1-inhibitor B02AB04 Camostat

TXA EACA APROTINIIN

Traneksaamhape(TXA) Lüsiiniderivaat blokeerib tpa lüsiini sidumise koha pöörduvalt 8-10 X tugevama toimega kui EACA Poolväärtusaeg 8 tundi Eritub neerude kaudu Esineb i/v vorm ja ka tabletina

Näidustused 1 Hemofiiliahaigetelprofülaktiliselt (faktor VIII ja IX puudulikkus) Laboratoorselt tõestatud suurenenud Laboratoorselt tõestatud suurenenud fibrinolüüs Kaudselt TCT (thrombine clotting time) FDP ja D-dimeeride määramine ELT (euglobuline lysis time) Tromboelastomeetria(-graafia)

Näidustused 2 TRAUMA Acute coagulopathy of trauma: hypoperfusion induces systemic anticoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis. Brohi, K Journal of Trauma,(2008). 208 pt saabumisel Hüübimisfaktorite defitsiiti ei olnud Hüpoperfusioonkäivitab koagulopaatiaja suurenenud fibrinolüüsi

Näidustused 3 TRAUMA Clinical Randomisation of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage 2 (CRASH 2) 20000 patsienti võrreldi TXA vs. platseebo Üldsuremus ja verekaotusest suremus oluliselt madalamad Trombootiliste komplikatsioonide hulk ei tõusnud Military Application of Tranexamic Acid in Trauma Emergency Resuscitation(MATTERs) Study Retrospektiivne analüüs 896 patsiendi kohta, 293 sai TXA TXA üldsuremus väiksem, eriti massiivse vereülekande korral Trombootilisi tüsistusi liiga vähe, et analüüsida

Näidustused 4 Neurokirurgia CRASH 2 Intracranial Bleeding Studystatistiliselt olulist kasu ei oma, kuid kahju kah ei tee Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage(cochrane 2003)- kasu puudub Seljakirurgia-väheneb veritsus ja vereproduktide kasutus Võib suurendada krampide esinemissagedust?

Näidustused 5 Ortopeediline kirurgia Günekoloogia postpartum hemorraagia menorraagia Üldkirurgia maksasiirdamine jne Uroloogia TURP, radikaalne prostata resektsioon Pea ja kela kirurgia Stomatoloogiline kirurgia Trombolüüsi komplikatsioonide ravis

Näidustused 6 Desmopressiini lisandiks Antiagregantraviosaliseks pööramiseks kirurgias WeberC; EJA 2011 SenayS; TheHeartSurgeryForum2010

Doseerimine Erinevad skeemid Laadimisdoos 2,5-100 mg/kg ja hilisem (1-12tundi) infusioon 0,25-4 mg/kg/h Südamekirurgias on doosid valdavalt (doosi suurendamsiest ei ole kasu näidatud): Laadimisdoos 10 mg/kg Infusioon 1 mg/kg/h

Kõrvaltoimed ja vastunäidustused Hästi talutav ravim Probleemid värvinägemisega Ettevaatust eelneva süvaveeni tromboosiga patsientidega Lastel ei ole piisavalt uuringuid Hematuuria?

Aminokaproonhape Lüsiini derivaat ja tpa aktiivsuse Kliiniliselt sama efektiivne, kui TXA Manustamise doos ca 10 X suurem Kasutamisega võib kaasneda lihasnekroose ja müalgiat Seedevaevused Ettevaatust ülemise urotrakti veritsusega

Aprotiniin Seriini proteaasi inhibiitor Isoleeriti 1930 veise süljenäärmest, hiljem ka kopsust Inhibeerib rida ensüüme: trüpsiin, kümotrüpsiin, plasmiin, kallikreiin Algselt kasutati ägeda pankreatiidi raviks Anafülaksia 1: 200 esmakasutaja kohta Tromboosi oht

Erinevad uuringud kinnitasid Aprotiniiniefektiivsust, kuni... observed association between aprotininand serious end-organ damage indicates that continued use is not prudent, whereas the less expensive generic medications aminocaproicacid and tranexamicacid are safe alternatives Mangano 2006 5 aasta suremus 1,6 korda suurem aprotiniini grupis Mangano 2007 BART study 2008 Ferguson et al. Aprotinin versus TXA või EACA Thestrong and consistent negative mortality trend associated with aprotinin, as compared with the lysine analogues, precludes its use in highrisk cardiac surgery.

Aprotiniinigaseotud neerupuudlikkus on seotud suurema vereülekandega aga mitte aprotiniinienda toimega Furnary,A. Circulation 2007

WASHINGTON, Sept. 29 Bayer A.G., the German pharmaceutical giant, failed to reveal to federaldrug officials the results of a large study suggesting that a widely used heart -surgery medicine mightincrease the risks of death and stroke NY TIMES 30 sept 2006 Okt 2006 avaldas FDA hoiatuse 5 november 2007 tõmbas BAYER Trasyloli turult ära Sept 2011 lubab Kanada uuesti Trasyloli turule

, Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion(cochrane Review 2009) 211 RCT, 20781 patsienti 116 aprotiniini uuringut, 45 TXA, 11 EACA Aprotiniin, TXA ja EACA on võrdselt efektiivsed kirurgias, peale kõrge riski südamekirurgia Ükski eelmainituist ei põhjusta suuremat vaskulaarsete probleemide riski, ei tõsta üldsuremust Ei saa välistada aprotiniini kahjulikku mõju neerudele