FACT SHEET 1 IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: 1,648,195 sq. km. Azerbaijan (432 km/268 mi) and Armenia (35 km/22 mi) to the north-west; Turkmenistan (992 km/616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km/565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km/582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km/310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km/906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south. UN estimates of annual total population (thousands) Total 77,435 78,411 79,360 80,277 81,163 15-64 aged 55,483 55,076 56,610 57,086 57,521 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) Opioids: Heroin 13,730 13,459 16,116 21,098 23,785 Opium 436,159 393,013 478,814 528,928 630,551 Illicit morphine 10,429 12,717 8,258 10,903 15,073 Cannabis-type: Hashish (resin) 76,067 77,828 98,050 115,169 108,546 Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS): Methamphetamine 3,677 2,644 2,143 1,770 2,302 Source: Islamic Republic (I.R.) of Iran, Drug Control Headquarters (DCHQ) reports; UNODC World Drug Reports. Seizures of illicit precursors and other substances 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 Acetic anhydride (lt) 80 2,399 2 33,394 3 17,820 4 n/a 5 Acetic chloride (lt) - 6 16,000 - n/a n/a Ammonium chloride (kg) n/a n/a n/a n/a 238,000 1 Data sourced from the UNODC Annual Reports Questionnaire (ARQ) is validated with the Government through the annual UNODC World Drug Report pre publication process. 2 Destined to Afghanistan. 3 4,000 litres destined to Kyrgyzstan; 1,330 destined to Pakistan; 28,064 destined to Afghanistan. 4 The consignment originated from China, destined to Afghanistan. 5 n/a from here onwards indicates that data is not available. 6 The symbol - from here onwards indicates that no data was recorded. Updated February 2018 1
Seizures of illicit precursors and other substances 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 Ephedrine (kg) n/a 2,738 7 48,536 8 n/a n/a Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ and Anti Narcotic Police (ANP) reports (latest available data). Kitchen laboratories destroyed by law enforcement agencies Methamphetamine 445 340 216 181 141 Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ reports; UNODC World Drug Reports. Note: There are no heroin labs in the Islamic Republic of Iran as reported by DCHQ and ANP. Seizure cases (in percentage) by transportation method of drug trafficking, 2015 Heroin Opium Cocaine Methamphetamine Morphine In-bound In-bound In-bound In-bound In-bound Air 0 0 90 0 0 Mail 1 1 1 0 1 Land 79 79 9 100 98 Sea 20 20 0 0 1 Source: UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire. Map of heroin seizures in the I.R. of Iran, 2015 7 Source: Anti Narcotic Police of I.R. of Iran. 8 530 kg originated from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan; 48,006 kg originated from the Republic of Iraq. Updated February 2018 2
Map of opium seizures in the I.R. of Iran, 2015 Map of morphine seizures in the I.R. of Iran, 2015 Updated February 2018 3
Map of hashish seizures in the I.R. of Iran, 2015 Joint/simultaneous and Maritime Operations 2013 2014 2015 2016 Jan.-July 2017 I.R. of Iran - I.R. of Pakistan 2 6 5 4 2 Total seized drugs (kg) 3,639.6 1,267.3 n/a n/a n/a Opium (kg) 1,052.85 247.3 n/a n/a n/a Heroin (kg) - - n/a n/a n/a Hashish (kg) 2,586.75 1,020 n/a n/a n/a I.R. of Iran - I.R. of Afghanistan n/a n/a 10 2 2 Total seized drugs (kg) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ and ANP reports. Source: I.R. of Iran, ANP report. Maritime operation in 2017 In line with monitoring trafficking of heroin from the Indian Ocean route and fighting against international drug trafficking networks, after several months of intelligence work, the Anti Narcotic Police of the Islamic Republic of Iran identified an international drug trafficking network operating in the Indian Ocean route. Based on the intelligence, members of this network intended to deliver a heavy cargo of heroin from Jiwani, Pakistan by speed boats to a vessel on the high seas. Geographic location of delivery point was informed to the operational maritime forces of police. As a result, 685 kg of heroin was seized and 10 people were arrested: two had Sri Lankan nationality, two had Indian nationality and the rest were Iranian. Updated February 2018 4
DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (USD per kg) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Heroin (unknown purity) 1,930-11,815 1,440-8,518 1,110-4,683 5,740 2,500-8,400 Opium 770-1,920 588-1,160 453-912 531-1,087 530-1,000 Hashish (resin) 170-890 66-115 88-403 221-664 220-620 Methamphetamine 4,560-9,130 7,301 n/a 6,114 8,720-12,460 Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ reports; UNODC World Drug Reports. Note: Prices are collected in local currency but are presented in US dollars. The conversion into US dollars is based on official UN rates. However, comparisons of prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes in the local markets. The single figures reflect typical prices. Retail prices of illicit drugs (USD per gram) 2009 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 10-47 20 Opium 0.3-1.6 n/a Hashish (resin) 0.2-1.0 n/a Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2017 (latest available data). DRUG-RELATED CRIME Suspects arrested in the country (persons) Distributors/traffickers 255,001 254,514 245,852 253,605 248,716 Average daily arrests of distributors/traffickers 699 674 674 695 681 Foreigners 3,802 n/a n/a n/a n/a Drug users 48,398 66,977 104,912 n/a n/a Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ and ANP reports; UNODC World Drug Reports. Organized drug-related crime Trafficking groups dismantled 2,940 2,816 2,885 2,713 2,280 Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ reports. DRUG ABUSE Centers active in the field of treatment and harm reduction 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Governmental No. of centers 328 n/a n/a n/a 430 No. of admissions 120,943 120,584 85,122 75,363 78,228 Non-Governmental No. of centers 2,446 n/a n/a n/a 7,673 No. of admissions 600,565 634,810 679,378 711,018 717,410 Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ reports; Statistical Center of Iran, Statistical Yearbooks. Updated February 2018 5
Centers active in the field of treatment and harm reduction, 2016 Number of centers Number of admissions Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) 510,140 Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment (BMT) 82,746 7,516 Outpatient detox 50,259 Inpatient detox 922 Drop-in Centers 241 20,729 Mobile teams 331 31,717 Shelters 77 15,202 Therapeutic community 19 2,283 Medium-term residential units 1,182 142,303 Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ. Report on Drug Control in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2016 (Teheran, 2017). Number of treatment clinics, 2010-2016 Most widely consumed drugs, 2016 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2,394 2,774 4,310 5,263 6,170 6,667 7,516 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 11.6% 11.9% 8.1% 66.7% opium and opium residue hashish (marijuana grass and Gol) heroin and crack heroin ice Source: I.R. of Iran, DCHQ, Report on Drug Control of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2016 (Teheran, 2017). Note: The number of treatment centres increased because of the rise in the number of NGOs providing treatment services and the number of referrals thanks to improvement in treatment services and raise in public awareness. Data source: Islamic Republic of Iran, DCHQ and State Welfare Organization. Note: 1) Ice stands for crystal methamphetamine; 2) Gol (a Persian equivalent for flower in English) refers to marijuana combined with different stimulant substances that makes it more dangerous than marijuana, itself, and hashish. (Source: http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4705790) Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged 15-64 Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis No recent, reliable estimate Cocaine 0.01 0.00-0.01 2008 Opiates 2.26 n/a 2010 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2017 (latest available data). According to a new survey implemented by State Welfare Organization and Drug Control Headquarters, official number of drug users among the general population of 15-64 years of age, who have used one type of drug at least once during past year, is 2.8 million. Number of drug related death is 3,190; out of this figure 343 cases are female and 2,847 cases are male. Based on this survey, 3,600 high risk and at risk students have been identified. Updated February 2018 6
Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of deaths 3,593 3,056 2,986 2,986 3,003 Reference population 53,244,800 54,309,370 55,275,782 55,076,000 56,428,180 Rate per million aged 15-64 67 56 54 54.2 53.2 Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Opioids 1 1 n/a n/a 1 ATS 2 2 1 n/a 2 Source: UNODC World Drug Reports. HIV/AIDS New HIV/AIDS cases reported, 2000 2016 9 1,325 1,823 2,054 2,218 2,297 2,627 2,437 2,198 2,087 1,836 1,908 1,811 1,886 1,844 1,864 2,011 504 Source: Islamic Republic of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME), Centre for Disease Control (CDC), HIV/AIDS Office. HIV/AIDS cases according to gender, 1 January 1986-20 March 2017 HIV/AIDS Deaths Total 34,949 9,477 Male 26,988 8,797 (%) 84 93 Female 4,962 680 (%) 16 7 Source: Islamic Republic of Iran, MoHME, CDC, HIV/AIDS Office. Transmission method in HIV/AIDS cases 1 January 1986-20 March 2017 Total number 34,949 IDUs (%) 66.3 Sexual intercourse (%) 19.3 Blood and blood products (%) 0.7 Mother to child (%) 1.5 Unidentified (%) 12.3 Source: Islamic Republic of Iran, MoHME, CDC, HIV/AIDS Office. 9 The figures are cumulative, indicating the number of HIV/AIDS and death cases from the beginning of data reporting from the Ministry of Health (1986) to end of each fiscal year. Updated February 2018 7
National estimation of HIV prevalence in various population groups (by %) Prevalence Estimation year General population aged 15-49 0.14 2014 People who inject drugs (PWID) 13.8 2014 Female sex workers 10 4.5 2010 Men who have sex with men (MSM) n/a n/a Prisoners 1.4 2012-2013 Source: Islamic Republic of Iran, MoHME, National AIDS Committee Secretariat, AIDS Progress Report on Monitoring of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS (Teheran, March 2015). DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification/accession status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 30 August 1972 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 9 August 2000 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 7 December 1992 Ratification/accession status of Crime-Related Treaties United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC Status Under consideration by the Parliament United Nations Convention against Corruption 20 April 2009 - - - 10 There is not any study on male sex workers. Updated February 2018 8