Aville online t www.scholrsreserchlirry.com Scholrs Reserch Lirry Annls of Biologicl Reserch, 2011, 2 (5) :62-66 (http://scholrsreserchlirry.com/rchive.html) ISSN 0976-12 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW The replcement effects of peppermint (Lmiceementhpiperit) y nettle (Urticdioic) in mixture of different levels of medicinl plnts on crcss trits in femle nd mle roilers 1 Ali Nokht*, 1 Nvid HosseiniMnsou nd 2 Mohmmd Ali Mohmmd Nezhdy 1 Mrgheh rnch, Islmic Azd University, Mrgheh, Irn 2 Fculty of Science, Islmic Azd University, Urmi rnch, Urmi, Irn _ ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to investigte the effects of replcement of peppermint (Lmiceementhpiperit)ynettle (Urticdioic) in mixture of different levels of medicinl plnts on crcss trits in femle nd mle roilers. In ech of these experiments 20 roilers (Ross- 08) from 1-2 dys of ge in two reeding periods including strter (1-21) nd grower (22-2) dys of ge were used in completely rndomized design in tretments nd replictes (with 20 irds in ech replicte). The medicinl plnts used in first experiment included zizphor, mentpulgum nd peppermint in second experiment peppermint ws replced y nettle. The results showed tht there were significnt differences etween tretments in experiments out the crcss trits of femle nd mle roilers (p<0.05). In the first experiment in femle roilers the highest percent of crcss nd rest (71.22) nd (5.89) were oserved in th experimentl group, wheres the highest percent of gizzrd nd thigh (.09) nd (0.85) were oserved in control group. In the second experiment in femle roilers like the first experiment the highest percents of crcss nd rest (7.6) nd (.89) were oserved in th experimentl group nd the lowest percent of dominl ft (.7) ws oserved in th experimentl group. Aout mle roilers in the first experiment the lowest percent of dominl ft (1.81) ws oserved in th experimentl group nd the highest percent of it (.5) ws oserved in the control group. In the second experiment there ws not ny significnt difference etween tretments out crcss trits. Keywords: Broilers, Medicl plnts, Crcss trits. _ INTRODUCTION The growth pttern in mle nd femle roilers hve significnt differences; the growth rte is rpid in mle roilers, nd less ft is conserved in the crcss nd dominl region y considering their sexul chrcteristics[1-2]. High ft in the crcss is not suitle for it s hygiene, nutrient, storge properties nd lso it is not welcomed y the consumers [2]. The high Scholrs Reserch Lirry 62
Ali Nokht et l Annls of Biologicl Reserch, 2011, 2 (5):62-66 ft mount in the crcss decreses the storge time, nd it cuses d smell nd chnges the color of crcss []. Tody s, the concern of scientists is reducing the dominl ft nd insted increse the vlule prts of crcss [-5]. One of the sources which positively ffects these chrcteristics is medicinl plnts [6-7].Ad El-Ltifet l,[8] found tht, Thyme in diet of quil cn improve the crcss nd percentge of internl orgns compred to control group; Adel-Mlket l, [9] reportedthe sme results y Biotonic on roilers.alcicek et l,[10] used 8 mg essentil oil of hers per 1Kg of diet, nd found out tht it cn enhnce the crcss chrcteristics. There re nti-cteril nd nti-oxidnt effects in medicinl plnts [11-12]. The nticteril components of medicinl plnts ffects y chnging in the permeility of cteri s memrne to N + nd K + ions [1]. Simseket l, [1] worked with nise oil in roilers nd sw tht the crcss chrcters hve een improved. Al- Kssie[5] reported the improvement of crcss chrcters nd decrese in the dominl ft under effect of thyme nd cinnmon extrct (100, 200 / 1000000 per Kg of diet). There re some reports indicting tht medicinl plnts stimulte nd increse the secretion of digestive enzyme from liver nd pncres [6,15]. There re different ctive sustnces in the hers, nd there is possiility of their interct to increse ech other s effect. This study ws conducted in order to evlute the effect of nettle in the mixture of zizphor nd mentpulgum, compred to the effect of peppermint in the sme mixture in mle nd femle roiler chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A totl of 20 roilers (ross-08) from 1-2 of ge were divided into two groups (rndomized design), one for nettle nd the other forpeppermint. There were two reeding period (strter 1-21 / grower 22-2). The experiment were executed y tretments nd repetitions in ech tretment (Tle 1). Bsl diet contents were chosen y the recommendtion of NRC (199). The metolicl energy level nd rw protein were sme for ll chickens nd designed sed on the UFFDA softwre. Dried plnts were otined nd the powder of them were completely mixed to the sl diet. The environmentl condition were exctly sme for ll the groups; l the chickens hd full free ccess to wter nd food. Lightening progrm were 2 h for first week, ut then there ws 1 h drkness. Intke feed, ody weight nd feed conversion rtio were clculted weekly for ll chickens, lso mortlity rte were determined nd recorded. At the end of experiment, two chicks (one femle nd one mle) were rndomly chosen from those who their weight s were close to the verge weight of group. After 9-12 h of keeping hungry to defecte the digestive system contents, the irds were weighted nd then slughtered in order to determine the crcss totl weight nd crcss chrcters percent. The otined dt were nlyzed y SAS softwre, nd the mens were compred using Duncn multiple rnge test y the sttisticl significnce of P<0.05. Scholrs Reserch Lirry 6
Ali Nokht et l Annls of Biologicl Reserch, 2011, 2 (5):62-66 RESULTS The results of effect of zizzphor, ment nd peppermint on crcss of femle roilers re shown in Tle 2. Tle 1: The mixture of plnts in different tretments. Tretment First experiment Second experiment 1 Control (without medicinl plnts) Control (without medicinl plnts) 2 1% zizzphor + 0.5% ment + 0.5% peppermint 0.5% zizzphor + 0.5% ment + 1% nettle 0.5% zizzphor + 1% ment+ 0.5% peppermint 0.5% zizzphor + 1% ment + 0.5% nettle 0.5% zizzphor + 0.5% ment + 1% peppermint 1% zizzphor + 0.5% ment + 0.5% nettle Tle 2: The effect of Zizzphor, Mentpulgum nd Peppermint on crcss chrcters of femle roilers Chrcters (%) Tretment Groups 1 2 Crcss 68/1 69/51 71/22 67/89 0/58 Adominl Ft / /6 2/86 /5 0/2 Digestive System 6/76 7/7 6/9 7/21 0/1 Gizzrd /09 /02 2/9 2/7 0/18 Brest c 0/7 c 1/79 5/89 2/9 0/2 Lp 0/85 27/9 25/82 27/6 0/8 Liver /2 /11 /1 /01 0/19 Vlues in the sme row not shring common superscript differ significntly (P<0.05). = Stndrd error of men. Tle : The effect of Zizzphor, Mentpulgum nd Nettle on crcss chrcters of femle roilers. Chrcters (%) Crcss Adominl Ft Digestive System Gizzrd Brest Lp Liver 1 71/5 6/55 2/6 2/2 27/0 /2 Tretment Groups 2 71/05 /91 5/28 2/51 1/26 26/80 2/85 7/6 /79 6/ 2/1 /98 25/68 2/5 70/29 /80 7/07 2/8 /07 27/ 0/52 0/21 0/8 0/28 0/67 0/51 0/2 Vlues in the sme row not shring common superscript differ significntly (P<0.05). = Stndrd error of men. Tle : The effect of Zizzphor, Mentpulgum nd Peppermint on crcss chrcters of mle roilers Chrcters (%) Crcss Adominl Ft Digestive System Gizzrd Brest Lp Liver 1 69/6 /5 6/6 2/79 2/2 28/8 /02 Tretment Groups 2 68/75 c 2/6 8/7 2/8 1/07 27/85 /6 70/0 c 1/81 6/ 2/67 1/06 27/1 2/81 68/1 /07 8/62 /21 0/26 27/87 /7 0/81 0/ 0/7 0/2 0/99 1/17 0/2 Vlues in the sme row not shring common superscript differ significntly (P<0.05). = Stndrd error of men. Scholrs Reserch Lirry 6
Ali Nokht et l Annls of Biologicl Reserch, 2011, 2 (5):62-66 Tle 5: The effect of Zizzphor, Mentpulgum nd Nettle on crcss chrcters of mle roilers Chrcters (%) Tretment Group 1 2 Crcss 72/18 70/2 71/81 71/92 0/96 Adominl Ft /05 /1 /01 /57 0/ Digestive System 6/8 7/1 7/52 6/6 0/92 Gizzrd 2/15 2/8 2/27 2/57 0/2 Brest /15 0/6 2/6 2/ 1/05 Lp 27/19 27/91 27/65 27/5 0/6 Liver 2/9 /6 2/76 2/69 0/2 Vlues in the sme row not shring common superscript differ significntly (P<0.05). = Stndrd error of men. There were significnt effects from using these plnts on crcss of femle chickens (P<0.05). According to the results, the usge of higher percent of ment in third group cused the highest percentge of crcss (71.22) nd rest (5.89), nd lso the lowest percentge of gizzrd (2.9) nd lp (25.82) in the mentioned group. The highest percentge of gizzrd (.09) nd lp (0.85), lso the lowest percentge of rest (0.7) were seen in the control group. However there ws no significnt differences mong the other crcss chrcters, ut numericlly the lowest dominl ft nd percentge of digestive system were in third group. Tle shows the effect of replcement of nettle with peppermint in second experiment of femle roilers. This replcement hd significnt influence on the crcss of femle chickens (P<0.05). Sme s the pervious group, the highest percentge of crcss (7.6) nd rest (.98), nd lowest percentge of dominl ft (.79) were in third group which hve hd the highest ment. In contrst, the highest percentge of dominl ft (.91), the lowest percentge of crcss (71.05) nd rest (1.26) were detected in second group with higher nettle. The other prmeters hd just numericl differences with the lowest percentge of digestive system in third group, nd the lowest percentge of gizzrd with the highest percentge of lp in th group. The effect of zizzphor, ment nd peppermint on mle roilers re descried in the Tle. Consumption of these plnts in the dietry of mle chicks showed significnt effects on their crcss chrcters (P<0.05). The lowest dominl ft (1.81) ws seen in the third group with the highest ment, while the highest mount of dominl ft (.5) ws in the control group. There were no significnt influence in the other chrcters; ut numericlly, the highest percentge of crcss, the lowest percentge of digestive system, gizzrd nd lp were seen in the third group. The replcement effect of peppermint with nettle in mle irds hd no significnt effect (P>0.05) on their crcss qulity, s descried in Tle 5. Menwhile numericlly the lowest dominl ft ws in third group, the highest percentge of crcss nd rest nd the lowest percentge of gizzrd were in control group nd the lowest percentge of crcss ws in the second group. DISCUSSION The usge of higher ment in third group hd noticele effect on the studied prmeters compred to the other groups, specilly in femle roilers; proly for their sexul chrcters. Enhnce in the percentge of crcss nd rest, nd decrese in the dominl ft, gizzrd nd liver in the higher ment dietry group is ecuse of its ntiseptic ctivity [11,16-17]. It cn increse the sorption of mino cids y decresing the cteril colony of digestive system nd preventing of their rekdown [18-20]. The ntioxidnt ctivity of medicinl plnt components cn preserve the nutrients from oxidtion efore nd fter consumption nd increse the sorption rte [1,19].The crvcrol in herl plnts hs stimultory effects on pncretic Scholrs Reserch Lirry 65
Ali Nokht et l Annls of Biologicl Reserch, 2011, 2 (5):62-66 secretions[11] y incresing the secretions of digestive enzymes more mounts of nutrients like mino cids cn e digested nd sored from the digestive trct nd therey improve crcss trits. Else incresing the percents of gizzrd nd liver y use of nettle cn hve positive effects vi physiclly grinding nd incresing ile secretion on nutrient digestion. With incresed mounts of sored mino cids, orgns like rest nd thigh drwn more growth. Our findings on crcss trits in this experiment re in greement with study results of Modiry et l [21]. REFERENCES [1] Lenstr, F. R. 1981. World Poultry Science Journl. 7: 106-110. [2] Sizemore, F.G., nd Brto, G.F. 2002. Poultry Science. 81: 92-98. [] Myes, F.J. 1980. British Poultry Science. 21: 97-50. [] Guler, T., Dlkilic, B. Erts, ON. ndciftci, M. 2006. Asinin-Austerlin Journl of Animl Science. 19 (): 25-0. [5] Al- Kssie, G. A. M. 2009. Pkistn Veterinry Journl. 29 (): 169-17. [6 ] Hssn, I. I., Askr, A. A. nd El-Shourgy, G. A. 200. Egyptin Poultry Science.2 :27-266. [7] Pernkov, D., Mte, D. Roznsk, H. nd Kovc, G. 2007. BulltnVeterinry Industry Pulwy. 51: 585-589. [8] Ad El-Ltif, S.A., Ften, A. Ahmed. nd El-Kity, A.M. 2002. Egyptin Poultry Science. 22(1):109-125. [9] Adel-Mlk, N.Y. Adel-Mlk, M.S. ; El-Gendi, G.M. nd Ngui, E. F. 1995. Egyptin Poultry Science. 15:111-19. [10] Alcicek, A., Bozkurt, M. nd Cuk, M. 200. Africn Journl of Animl Science. (): 217-222. [11] Azz, D., Demirci, F. Stıl, F. Kürkçüoğlu, M. nd Bşer, K. H. C. 2002. Antimicroil ctivity of some Sturej oils. 57:817-821. [12] Botsoglou, N.A., Florou-Pneri, P. Christki, E. Fletouris, D.J. Spis, A.B. 2002. British Poultry Science. : 22-20. [1] Kmel, C. 2001. Trcing modes of ction nd the roles of plnt extrcts in non-ruminnts. In: Grnsworthy PC, nd Wisemn J. (Editors). Recent dvnces in niml nutrition. Nottinghm: Nottinghm University Press.pp 15-150. [1] Simsek, UG.,Ciftci, M. Dlkilic, B. Guler, T. nd Erts, ON. 2007. Revue de Medecine. 158 (10): 51-518. [15] Hernández, F., Mdrid, J. Grcí, V. 200. Poultry Science. 8: 169-17. [16] Cown, M. M. 1999. Clinicl Microiology.Review. 12: 56-582. [17] Dormn, H.J.D., nd Dens, S.G. 2000. Journl Applied Microiologhy. 88: 08-16. [18] Mellor, S. 2000. World Poultry.16(1): 1-15. [19] Mellor, S. 2000.World Poultry. 16: 0-. [20] Ultee, A., Kets, E. P.W. nd Smid, E.J. 1999. Applid Environmentl Microiology.1999; 65: 606-610. [21] Modiry A, Nokht A, Mehmnnvz Y (2010). Investigtion the effects using different mixtures of Nettle (Urticdioic), Mentpulgum(Oregnumvulgre) nd Zizphor (Thymyus vulgris) on performnce nd crcss trits of roilers.proc. th Irn. Cong. Anim.Sci., pp. 252-25. Scholrs Reserch Lirry 66