Ki Sterilization & Disinfection OM Nursing Academy Anil Kantiwal Gudha Introduction :- Sterilization एक ऐस Procedure जसक र कस भ Article क surface क और कस भ Medium क Micro-Organism स म रख ज सक, च ह MicroOrganism, Vagitative और Spore form म य न ह Vegitative - ज Disease उतप कर सक Spore - Unable to Produce/Spread Diseases. ( Bacteria क एक ऐस Strong type ज Adverse Condition म भ Survive कर सक ). Classification of Sterilization :- Sterilization Physical Chemical 1. Heat 2. Sunlight 3. Radiation 4. Filtration 1. Alcohol Dry Heat 1. Red Heat 2. Flamming 3. Incineration 4. Hot Air Oven Moist Heat 1. Temp. below 100 ( Pasteurization ) 2. Temp. At 100 (Boiling) 3. Temp. Above 100 ( Autoclave ) 2. Aldehydes 3. Phenols 4. Halogens
1. Physical Sterilization :- 1. Sunlight :- Sunlight म Ultra Violet Rays प य ज त ह ज Natural water collection व ल जगह 2. Heat :- eg. River, Tank पर Germicidal effect ड लत ह Reliable Methode, divede in two types 1. Dry Heat 2. Moist Heat 1. Dry Heat Sterilization:- इस method क र, MicroOrganism क Protein क Denaturation ह न लगत ह It also divide in Four Types 1. Red Heat 2. Flamming 3. Incineration 4. Hot Air Oven 1. Red Heat :- इस method म Object क तब तक गम करत ह जब तक Object गम ह कर प र ल ल न ह ज य eg. Inoculating loops / Wires 2. Flamming :- The object pass through Flame. Eg. Glass slide Scalpels This is the 2 nd Choice method of Wire Sterilization.
3. Incineration:- It is a High Temperature and Dry Oxidation method. Incineration Temp. - 1400-2200 F [ 870-1200 ] Method Use for - Destroy all Pathological material of Hospital. Human Anatomical waste Dressing Plaster Body Organ/Part Animal dead body (Yellow beg material Waste ) 4. Hot Air Oven :- 1 st Choice method of Glass Product Sterilization. Temperature - 160 for 2 hours or 170 for 1 hour. Method Use for - Glass Product Sterilization Glass syring Pipettes Slides Surgical Items - Scalpels, Scissors, forceps Chemical :- Liquid Paraffin, Sulfonamide Powder Note :- Dry Heat Oven म Objects क Aluminium Foil म wrap करक रखत ह
2. Moist Heat Sterilization :- 1. Temperature below 100 :- 1. Pasteurization of Milk :- A. Holder Method :- Temperature 63 for 30 minutes. B. Flash Method :- Temperature 72 for 20 Seconds. इसक ब द इस 13 क Cold Temp. पर रखग 2. Inspissation :- Temp 80-85 for 30 minutes. eg. Egg, Suger, Serum Culture media 3. Vaccine Bath :- Temp. 60 for 1 hour. eg. Sterilization of Vaccine ( mostly bacterial ) 2. Temperature at 100 :- ( i ) Boiling :- 100 for 20-30 minutes Note :- Sharp Instrument क Boiling method स sterilize नह करन च हए, bcz Boiling स Sharp instruments Blunt ह ज त ह, ( ii ) Tyndallization :- At 100 for 20 minutes ( 3 Successive Days ) eg. Serum Suger Culture media.
3. Temperature Above 100 :- Autoclave :- Invented By :- Charles Chamberland in 1884 It is Most Reliable Method of Sterilization. Temperature Time Pressure 121 15 minnute 15 lbs/inch 2 126 10 minnute 20 lbs/inch 2 133 3 minnute 30 lbs/inch 2 Method Use in Sterilization of :- Surgical Instrument ( except Sharp Items ) Rubber Items ( Gloves ) Dressing Material ( Gauze and Bandages ) Clothes ( Gown, Cap, Bedsheets & Pillow Cover ) Culture Media Non Disposable Items 3. Filtration :- इसम एक 0.75 micrometer क filter क म म ल त ह Eg :- Antibiotic Solution Egg or Serum media Water Purification 4. Radiation :- Mostly Use Radiation - Gamma Radiation Method Use for Disposable Items. Method Use for :- Catheter Cannula, IV Sets Gloves, Plastic Syringes
Disinfection :- Types:- Destroy all Pathogenic and Non Pathogenic Micro Organism. 1. Concurrent Disinfection :- Patient क Hospital म रहत उसक Secreation व Used Ecquipments क Disinfect करन 2. Terminal Disinfection :- The Disinfection of Articles and Client's unit after discharge, Transfer and Death at the End. 3. PreCurrent / Prophylactic Disinfection :- Disease क र कन ह त पहल स ह Articles क disinfect करन Ex:- Purification of Water and Pasteurization of Milk. Chemical Method :- 1. Alcohol :- Ethyl Alcohol, Isopropyl Alcohol Use :- Skin Disinfection 70% of Alcohol known as spirit. 2. Aldehyde :- ( I ) Formaldehyde :- 10% Aquous Solution of Formaline. ( II ) Glutaraldehyde 2% :- Cidex Method Use for Sterilization of Cystoscope EndoScope Bronchoscope LaryngoScope ET ( Endotracheal Tube )
3. Phenols ( Carbolic Acid ) :- Cresol :- Sharp Instrument Sterilization by Cresol 5%. The Soap solution of Cresol is known as Lysol. Use ( Lysol ) :- Floor cleaning, Disinfection of Excretra Chloroxynol ( Dettol 4% ) :- Skin Disinfection 4. Halogen :- A. Chlorine :- ( I ) Chlorinated Lime / Bleaching Powder :- 5% Bleaching Powder used for Disinfection of feces & Urine ( Human Excretra ) ( II ) Sodium Hypochlorite :- HIV Instrument and Hepatitis B surface antigen are Sterilize by Sodium Hypochlorite. B. Iodine :- 2% Betadine use in Skin Disinfection and Dressing. 5. Oxidizing Agent :- A. H2O2 ( Hydrogen peroxide ) :- Dressing and Contact Lens. B. KMNO4 ( Potassium Permanganate ) :- Mouth Care and Sitz bath. C. Dyes :- Gention Violet use for Skin Disinfection. 7. Vapour Phase Disinfection :- 1. Ethylene Oxide:- Plastic & Rubber items Sutures 2. Formaline Fumigation :- 280 ml Formaline + 150 gm KMNO4 :- Sterilize 1000 Cu feet area
Use:- Operation Theatre Wards and Laboratory Area Should be shield off 48 Hour. Fumigation with Sulphur :- 220 gm Sulphur use to Sterilize of 100 Cu feet area SUMMARY S.N Material Method of Sterilization 1 Inoculating Wires / Loops Red Heat 2 Glass Wares ( Glass Product ) Hot Air Oven 3 Disposable Items Gamma Radiation 4 Aprons, Gloves, Gown & Dressing Autoclave 5 EndoScope, ET tube Glutaraldehyde ( Cidex 2 % ) 6 Sharp Instrument Cresol 5 % 7 Operation Theatre Fumigation and UV rays Anil Kantiwal Gudha OM Nursing Academy WhatsApp No. 9694936335 E-mail- anu.kantiwal.gudha@gmail.com Wepsite- www.omnursingacademy.weebly.com Facebook- www.facebook.com/anil.kantiwal.gudha YouTube - www.youtube.com/user/anil555k