A MHCI B PD-L1 Fold expression 8 6 4 2 Fold expression 3 2 1 No tx 1Gy 2Gy IFN Py117 Py117 Supplementary Figure 1. Radiation and IFN-γ enhance MHCI expression and PD- L1 on PyMT tumor cells but Py117 cells are more responsive to IFN-γ. (A) Flow cytometry of MHCI expression in Py117 and cells after 1 Gy, 2 Gy, or IFN-γ. Both tumors respond with greater MHCI expression after RT but there is little MHCI response to IFN-γ in the cells. (B) Similarly PD-L1 is increased in both cell lines after radiation but to a much less extent than after IFN γ stimulation (bar represents mean). 1
Supplementary Figure 2. Gating strategy of infiltrating leukocytes by flow cytometry. The scatter, live cell, and CD45 gates are shown from PyMT infiltrating leukocytes. Immature myeloid cells (CD45 + CDllb + Gr1 Hi ) are shown in the bottom left panel showing the small population with very high GR1 expression. The lower middle panel shows the macrophage panel (CD45 + CDllb + F4/8 + ) and the lower right shows isotype control with CD11b + cells. 2
A B C Py117 RT + CD8 Py117 RT + CD4 5 5 5 Py117 RT + NK1.1 Volume (mm 3 ) 4 3 2 * 4 3 2 4 3 2 NT 12Gy Blocking Ab 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Time (days) 1 2 3 4 Supplementary Figure 3. CD8 + T cells are important to radiation response. (A) Radiation (RT) response after 12 Gy was diminished in wild type C57BL/6 mice treated with CD8 blocking antibody (black curves) compared to 12 Gy of RT with isotype Ab (orange)(*p=4). (B) Blocking CD4 T cells lead to a greater response than RT alone. (C) There was no difference in radiation response when blocking NK cells with the NK1.1 Ab suggesting NK cells do not play a rule in the immune response. (5 mice each, isotype control mice that did not receive radiation are shown in blue; 12 Gy RT was given 13 days after implantation.) 3
A B VC CrAxl#4 CrAxl#5 Axl Cr#1 Axl Cr#2 Axl Cr#3 Axl pooled Py117 Axl Cr#4 Axl Cr#5 Isotype 1 3 1 4 1 5 Axl Fig. S4 Supplementary Figure 4. Surface expression of Axl was successfully knocked out in CRISPR clones of tumor cells which impacts invasiveness in 3D culture. (A) Flow cytometry of Axl surface expression on wild type cells and 5 different Axl CRISPR clones stimulated with IFN-γ to confirm knockout. (B) Compared to vector controlled tumor cells Axl Cr#4, Cr#5, pooled Axl Cr, and Py117 have less invasion into matrigel 4 days after plating (representative phase contrast images, scale bars = 5 µm). 4
A No IFN- + IFN- B CIITA Transcription 8 Axl Cr#2 C Isotype pstat-1 STAT-1 -actin -1 3 1 3 1 4 1 5-1 3 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 k 1 k VC MHCI (H-2kB) Axl Cr#1 Axl Cr#2 Axl Cr#3 Py117 D Axl Cr#1 + IFN + IFN Axl Cr#1 CIITA mrna/ 18s 6 4 2.1.8.6.4.2. Py117 Cr vector Axl Cr #1 Axl Cr #2 Loss of Axl doesnt effect PD-L1 Isotype -1 3 1 3 1 4 1 5 PD-L1 Supplementary Figure 5. Loss of Axl leads to increase in MHCI but no change in PD-L1. (A) In the absence of IFN- γ stimulation MHCI expression is increased in the CRISPR Axl Cr#2 cells compared to parental cells. After overnight stimulation with 25 ng/ml of IFN- γ MHCI is further is induced compared to parental IFN-γ stimulated cells. (B) qrt-pcr of CIITA MHCI co-activator reveals no change in transcription between vector control cells compared to Axl Cr#1 and Cr#2 (Bars= mean and ±s.d.). (C) Western blot of VC, 3 different Axl Cr clones, and Py117 cells reveals greater pstat-1 and STAT-1 levels in knockout cells. (D) Expression of PD-L1 in parental cells in culture is not influenced by Axl Cr#1 knockout cells and remains inducible by IFN- γ. 5
A PyMT Signature PanCancer TCGA Cancer Encyclopedia 6 3 4 2 2 1-2 -1 n=9,755 n=967-4 -2-15 -1-5 5 1-4 -2 2 4 6 B Disease Pearson r Spearman r PanCancer.42.4 Head and Neck.46.44 Lung (SCC/AC).57.57 Melanoma.57.57 Cervical.56.51 Prostate.64.63 Liver.71.71 Cancer Encyclopedia.61.66 Axl Expression Fig. S6 Supplementary Figure 6. The PyMT signature significantly correlates with Axl expression in the Pan-Cancer TCGA and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. (A) RNAseq gene expression of the PyMT signature correlation with Axl was significant in the Pan-Cancer RNAseq data set with 9,755 patient samples and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia of all types of cancer cell line gene expression. (B) Pearson and Spearman r-values were calculated for these data sets are listed as well as a selection of certain tumor types from the Pan-Cancer data set (p<.1 for all correlations). 6
15 CRISPR Axl Cr#2 in Nude Mice Volume (mm 3 ) 1 5 C57Bl6 NoTx C57Bl6 2Gy Nude NoTx Nude 2Gy -1 1 2 3 Time (days) Supplementary Figure 7. Axl Cr#2 tumors are less responsive to radiation when implanted into immunodeficient nude mice. Axl Cr#2 tumors were implanted into wild type C57Bl6 mice and athymic nude mice, and then treated with 2 Gy of radiation 12-14 days after implantation. Growth curves reveal that the radiation response is suppressed in nude mice confirming the importance of a T cell response in the radiosensitivity of the Axl Cr#2 tumors (5 mice per treatment group). 7
Supplementary Figure 8. Gating scheme for myeloid dendritic cells, CD11b + CD11c + MHCII +. Cells were isolated, labeled, and then gated by flow cytometry on live cells, CD45 + cells, and CD11b + CD11c +, and MHCII +. Isotype controls are included for comparison. Representative gates on CD11c + MHCII + cells are shown. 8
Supplementary Figure 9. Gating scheme for functional T cell assay to interrogate cytokine expression by flow cytometry. (A) Scatter gate, TCRβ/live dead cell gate, and T cell gates are shown in upper panels. TNFα and IFN-γ labeling for flow cytometry reveal a significant proportion of cytokine producing cells. Quantitative data for the proportion of CD8 + T cells (B) and CD4 + T cells (C) expressing high levels TNF-α and absent IFN-γ. 9
A 1 CD8+ T cell PD1+ B 4 CD8+ to Treg ratio % CD8 T Cells 8 6 4 2 CD8/Treg 3 2 1 + 2Gy Axl Cr#1 Axl Cr#1 + 2Gy 2Gy Axl Cr#1 Axl Cr#1 2Gy Axl Cr Pool Axl Cr Pool 2Gy Supplementary Figure 1. T cells are functionally active in Axl knockout tumors with an effector phenotype. (A) PD-1 expression on CD8 + T cells reveals little change in Axl Cr#1 tumors with and without radiation compared to. The proportion of PD-1 + cells is higher in the untreated tumors. (B) The CD8 + T cells to T reg ratio is elevated in after radiation and much greater in Axl Cr pool tumors suggesting greater antitumor activity at the 1 day time point in CRISPR pool tumors compared to wild type tumors and Axl Cr#1 tumors. 1
+ RT + Immunotherapy CRISPR Axl + RT + Immunotherapy Volume (mm 3 ) 4 2 No RT CTLA-4 + PD1 2Gy 2Gy + CTLA-4 + PD1 Volume (mm 3 ) 4 2 No RT PD1 CTLA-4 + PD-1 2Gy 2Gy + PD1 2Gy + CTLA4 + PD1 1 2 3 4 Time (days) 1 2 3 4 Time (days) Supplementary Figure 11. Radiation and immunotherapy is effective in Axl knockout tumors but not wild type tumors. The combination of PD-1 + CTLA-4 + 2 Gy RT in Axl Cr#1 tumors is sufficient for improved antitumor response after radiation (right panel from Fig. 5) compared to little to no response in parental tumors. Mice were treated with 2 Gy on day 1 for tumors and 2 Gy on day 14 for Axl Cr#1 when the tumors were similar size. (5 mice per treatment group) 11
A Figure 4C Axl Protein Marker * * HSP7 15 k 5 k B Figure 4E Protein Marker * * * -actin Axl Gas6 15 k Protein paxl -actin Marker * * * 15 k 5 k 37 k Merged bright feild C Figure 4K Protein Marker * NF- B-p65 5 k -actin D Supplemental Figure 5C STAT-1 pstat-1 -actin 15 k 1 k 5 k 37 k Supplementary Figure 12. Western Blot analysis with protein markers. All western blots in the figures and supplementary figures are displayed here with a wider view and depicting evidence of protein markers (labeled with a red box). (A) Shows blots from Figure 4C, (B) from Figure 4E, (C) from Figure 4K, and (D) Supplementary Figure 5C. 12