An idea inspired by nature for calves

d nt e pa te Dove produciamo il SILO VIT SILO S.p.A was established in 1950. The production area is about 30.000 square meters. The production capacity is 120.000 tons /year of glycerides SILO is leader in the development and production of glycerides of short- and medium chain fatty acids. SILO products have been developed in scientific collaboration with: - Public Animal Health Institute Bruno Ubertini Dr. Loris Alborali - University of Parma - prof. Afro Quarantelli - IRTA (Barcelona) - Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona - prof. Rafael Codony - Guelph University (Canada) - prof Steve Leeson SILO S.p.a. Via San Bartolo a Cintoia, 104-50142 Firenze - ITALY Phone: +39 055 7332895 - Fax: +39 055 780676 E-mail: info@silospa.com Web site: www.silospa.com An idea inspired by nature for calves

SILO VIT is a complementary feed for calves studied to improve gut health and performance. SILO VIT is composed of 1-monoglycerides of short and medium chain fatty acids Scientific studies proved that: SILO VIT stimulate villi growth, tight junctions and enterocytes development, ensure an excellent intestinal integrity and act as a barrier against pathogenic bacteria and coccidiosis; promote the beneficial micro-flora development; supplies prompt energy; monoglycerides do not need micelles for their absorption, but are directly absorbed through the intestinal mucosa. SILO VIT - EFFECTS milk intake improvement improvement of fiber fraction intake fast recovery in case of antibiotic treatments (animal recovery is visible after 8 days of SILO VIT usage) animal growth and aspect improvement: shiny hair coat, full backs, healthy aspect post-slaughtering evaluations of calves fed SILO VIT confirmed excellent color and very good organoleptic characteristics of the meat

SILO VIT is mixed with milk replacer as follows: In the first 90 days: 5 g / meal / day, in order to: improve tight junctions and barrier effect against pathogens stimulate gut integrity and gut development enhance digestive process, milk and fiber intake improve litter quality, control E.coli, Clostridium perfringens prevent coccidiosis From 90 days until slaughtering: 5-6 g / meal / day in order to: improve digestion and nutrient absorption improve milk and fiber ingestion control enteric problems, E.coli, Clostridium perfringens improve weight gain improve body structure and fat cover prevent coccidiosis

LIMITS OF ACIDIFIERS Abomasum ph 2.5-3.5 milk Large intestine ph 6-7.5 water and solid feed Small intestine ph 6-7 Acids and acidifiers are active against pathogenic bacteria only if the ph is acid: from ph 1 to 5.5, that is at abomasum ph. In calves gut the ph ranges from 6 to 7. When the ph is > 6, acids and acidifiers are present in their dissociated form and lose antibacterial effect. In a scientific paper published on Veterinary Microbiology (2008) 319 327 (Boyen F.) it is demonstrated that organic acids as formic, propionic and butyric acid lose their antibacterial activity when the ph value is 6 (intestinal ph). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration to inhibit salmonella growth Determination done on 54 Salmonella strains Formic Acid Propionic Acid Butyric Acid ph 4 (Abomasum) 0.01% 0.01% 0.004% ph 6 (Gut) 1.50% 2.40% 2.80% When the ph is 6, acids lose their antibacterial activity. Practically, in order to get antibacterial effects in the gut, we should use 24 Kg/Ton of feed of propionic acid or 28 Kg /Ton of feed of butyric acid!

ADVANTAGES OF MONOGLYCERIDES Abomasum ph 2.5-3.5 milk Large intestine ph 6-7.5 water and solid feed Small intestine ph 6-7 1-monoglycerides contained in SILO VIT keep the same chemical and physical characteristics independently from environmental ph. Their efficacy remains unaffected in ph ranges from 1 to 7. Scientific studies carried out by the Public Animal Health Institute Bruno Ubertini (Dr. L. Alborali), proved that the efficacy of SILO VIT is not affected by the environmental ph. Minimum inhibitory concentration of SILO VIT against Salmonella, E.coli, Clostridium perfringens and Lactobacillus Salmonella typh. Clostridium perfringens E. coli Lactobacillus ph 4.5 (Abomasum) 0.06% 0.01% 0.12% No inhibition ph 7 (Gut) 0.06% 0.01% 0.12% No inhibition IMPORTANT: SILO VIT does not inhibit the growth of beneficial Lactobacillis like Lactobacillus plantarum and acidophilus.

FIELD OBSERVATION Holland 270 calves allotted to 2 groups WHITE BLACK (Holstein Frisone) Trial started at 60 dd of age Dosages of SILOVit * 8 12 weeks: 6 cc /meal *11-25 weeks: 4 cc/meal *26-30 weeks: 2 cc/meal Info about rearing system: for 12 weeks in boxes, than released in groups Problems *growth was lower than normal *unfavorable FCR Diet: 275 kg of CMR 240 kg of feed and straw Trials results Entrance live weight : 42 45 kg Carcass weight (dead weight): 155 kg Enteric problems were dramatically reduced compared to control group Color: Dutch evaluation: very white = 3.5 Bianco Milano (in Holland the corresponding number is 4.5 5) in both groups By keeping standard Hemoglobin levels the color was evaluated as very good in both groups In SILOvit group we saved 2 Euros / calf of medications For 3 days they suspended the SILOvit (the calves age was about 150 days) because the local distributor had some days of delay in product delivery; enteric problems started again; after SILOvit was reintroduced, enteric problems were resolved again FCR The conversion was 230 kg growth/275 kg CMR = 83,6% in control group, and 230 kg growth / 268 kg CMR = 85.8% Number of calves involved in the test Thousands of calves Region: Veneto (24 months of observations) Problems to be improved - Costs of enteric antibiotics treatment to be reduced - E. coli diarrhoea - Intake of milk and fibers to be increased - Digestion & growth to be improved Live weight in kg at trial beginning First 3 Live weight in kg at trial end months Dosage in milk 5 grams / meal (2 meals / day) Trial duration in dd Results and observations 90 dd.1. Intake improvement.2. Improvement of calves aspect (round backs).3 Digestion improvement.4. E. coli and diarrhoea control.5. Weight gain increase.6. Reduction or replacement of enteric antibiotics

Composition and Characteristics SILO VIT is liquid at room temperature and very easily mixable with the milk replacer The product Contains - 1-monoglycerides of short and medium fatty acids - Distilled Glycerol SILO VIT is stable at a temperature up to 200 C SILO VIT is stable at a ph ranging from 1 and 8 ph unit SILO VIT is not oxidable SILO VIT is compatible and mixable with vitamins, proteins, fats, premixes and acids Packaging in 20 Kg can or in 1000 Kg IBC