ART training material Case exercise worker exposure TNO Quality of Life Overview of cases Introduction case: Exposure to co-solvent used in inks for newspapers Case 1. Filling drums with racing fuel containing benzene Case 2. Exposure to DEGBE in glue in a shoe repair shop ART training: Case exercise worker exposure overall overview 1
Introduction case: Exposure to co-solvent used in inks for newspapers 2-butoxyethylacetate (EGBEA) CAS Number: 112-07-2 Molecular Weight: 160.21 Vapor pressure: 0.47 hpa Classification: Xn, R20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with the skin DNEL (based on RAR): estimated dermal DNEL 75 mg/kg BW/day, estimated inhalation DNEL 430 mg/m 3. Use in inks for newspapers Use of products containing EGBEA can be distinguished in aerosol forming and nonaerosol forming activities. Aerosol forming activities are for example spray painting and printing. Some use of materials may involve elevated temperatures (e.g. coating using a bath). During these activities both inhalation and dermal exposure can occur. Non-aerosol forming activities are for example painting or transferring a liquid in the paint and printing industry. During non-aerosol forming activities only dermal exposure will occur, not inhalation exposure, because of the low vapour pressure of EGBEA at room temperature. EGBEA is used as an additive in ink and paint and may be used. Examples of additives are plasticizers, photo-initiators, defoaming agents and anti-oxidants. EGBEA is used as a co-solvent in ink and paint. Considering that EGBEA is used in as co-solvent with other (co-)solvents, it is assumed that ink contains up to 2% EGBEA. In this case it is assumed that EGBEA is an additive in ink used for printing newspapers. ART training: Case exercise worker exposure overall overview 2
Case 1: Filling drums with racing fuel containing benzene Benzene CAS Number: 71-43-2 Vapor pressure: Benzene is a liquid with a vapour pressure of 10753 Pa Classification: F+, T+ DNEL (OEL): 1 ppm (3.25 mg/m 3 ) Use scenario: Filling of drums with fuel Within the petrochemical industry, drum filling is an activity that occurs daily. In most cases, one process operator is responsible for the drum filling process whole day. This means that the operator is in the direct neighborhood of the filling process. The filling lance has to be put into the drum manually. LEV (fixed capturing hood) is available at the filling point. The drip tray under the drums is full with fuel and emptied every day. The racing fuel contains up to 1% benzene in the mixture. ART training: Case exercise worker exposure overall overview 3
Case 2: The use of DEGBE in glues in a shoe repair shop Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether (DEGBE) CAS Number: 112-34-5 Molecular Weight: 162,23 Vapor pressure: 27 Pa Classification: R36; Xi Concentration in glue: 50% KOW: 0,56 DNEL (based on RAR) 1 :No DNEL for acute exposure 3.8 mg/m 3 (0.56 ppm) for inhalation exposure Use scenario: Use of glue in shoe repair shop In the shoe repair branch, repairing shoe-soles is a frequently accomplished task. Old soles are removed with solvent or by sanding. After that, the new sole is rubbed with glue for two or three times, with some drying time in between. The sole is glued onto the shoe, after which the finishing work is done. On average, about 40 pairs of shoe soles are repaired per day. This takes about 4 hours and 1 liter of glue is used on a day. LEV is present but not always working well. Shoe repairmen typically work alone in one shop. The goal of this case is to learn more on the possibilities of ART to iterate your exposure assessment. You may do this by adding or differentiating between Risk Management Measures. Create three to four different exposure assessments and compare the modeled outcomes. 1 This DNEL value was derived by TNO by use of the Risk Assessment Report to give an indication. This value can not be seen as an official DNEL and may therefore not be used in other situations. ART training: Case exercise worker exposure overall overview 4
Case 3. Tranfer of Methacrylamide in emulsion polymerisation Methacrylamide CAS Number: 79-39-0 Molecular Weight: 85.1045 Vapor pressure: 0.0015 hpa (20 C) Classification: R20/22; Xn DNEL: No DNEL for acute exposure 2.5 mg/m 3 (dust) for inhalation exposure - workers Use scenario. Emulsion polymerisation (e.g. for latex paint production) This is a large scale industrial process (batch-wise). The reaction vessels contain typically about 10 tons, which is initially filled with ca. 50 % water and 50 % (meth)acrylic monomers containing up to 5 % methacrylamide, ca. 250 kg. The latter is delivered in big-packs and filled into the vessel via a lock, LEV is present. During the reaction, the vessel is kept locked (closed system). The whole process takes about 8 hours. As the final product is the suspension of polymer in water, no waste water will be discarded. If 5 vessels are working in the factory, 1250 kg methacrylamide are used daily. ART training: Case exercise worker exposure overall overview 5
Additional case 1: Small scale weighing powder CAS Number: Molecular Weight: Dustiness: Classification: DNEL: Powder X unknown unknown Fine powder Unknown No DNEL established Possibly toxic compound Use scenario. Weighing powder in a research laboratory The powder is used for research purposes. Small amounts are weighed on an analytical balance. The powder is taken with a spatula or small spoon from a container and put onto the receptacle, such as a petri-dish or small beaker glass, on the balance. The amount weighed is in the range of grams per event. The laboratory has a high ventilation rate in the order of 30 air exchanges per hour. Bayesian update Two data sets are available for Bayesian update: 1 set with three data points: 0.00025; 0.0013 and 0.00037 mg/m3 1 set with 16 data points between 0.0002 and 0.0159 mg/m3 ART training: Case exercise worker exposure overall overview 6
Additional case 2: Spray painting 2-butoxyethylacetate (EGBEA) CAS Number: 112-07-2 Molecular Weight: 160.21 Vapor pressure: 0.47 hpa Classification: Xn, R20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with the skin DNEL (based on RAR): estimated dermal DNEL 75 mg/kg BW/day, estimated inhalation DNEL 430 mg/m 3 Use scenario: Use in paints sprayed Use of products containing EGBEA can be distinguished in aerosol forming and nonaerosol forming activities. Aerosol forming activities are for example spray painting and printing. Some use of materials may involve elevated temperatures (e.g. coating using a bath). During these activities both inhalation and dermal exposure can occur. Non-aerosol forming activities are for example painting or transferring a liquid in the paint and printing industry. During non-aerosol forming activities only dermal exposure will occur, not inhalation exposure, because of the low vapour pressure of EGBEA at room temperature. EGBEA is used as an additive in ink and paint and may be used. Some paints may contain up to 5% of EGBEA. In this case it is assumed that EGBEA is an additive in paint used for coating ships. Although mixing paint and cleaning of spray pistols are also contributing to the total exposure on a working day, these are not taken into account in this exercise. Description of uses: CASE CASE 1. Exposure to DEGBE ART training: Case exercise worker exposure overall overview 7