Amatuzzi #1: Carbohydrates pp. 46-47 Period 1. Which elements make up carbohydrates? a. In which ratio? 2. How do living things use most of their carbohydrates? 3. How do cells get energy from carbs? a. Name the life process. Simple sugars 4. What is a monosaccharide? 5. Name three simple sugars. 6. What is a disaccharide? a. Name a common one Complex carbohydrates 7. What is a polysaccharide? 8. Animals store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called a. In which tissue/organ is this complex carb stored? 9. Plants store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called 10. Name a polysaccharide in plants used for structure and strength. a. What common substances are made of this carb? Here is a structural formula of a glucose molecule. INSERT all the carbon atoms. How many are there? Write the chemical formula for glucose.
Amatuzzi # 2: Lipids p. 47 Period 1. Which elements make up lipids? 2. Name 3 kinds of lipids. 3. Do lipids dissolve in water? why? 4. What is the main function of lipids? 5. List two other lipid uses. 6. What kind of lipids are chemical messengers? 7. Name the two monomers that make up most lipids. 8. What makes a lipid saturated? 9. IF some carbons in a lipid are connected by double bonds, the molecules is called - 10. How does monounsaturated differ from polyunsaturated? 11. Which kind of lipids are oils? 12. Name four vegetable oils. 13. Name two solid animal fats. -- 14. Name the lipid monomers pictured here. 15. Name two solid animal fats. -- 16. Name the lipid monomers pictured here. Monomer = Monomer = Draw a circle around the parts of each monomer where they will bond together. Name these functional groups. & How many of each monomer do I need to make a triglyceride? Which of the fatty acids below is unsaturated? How can you tell?
Amatuzzi # 3: Nucleic Acids p. 48 Period 1. Which elements make up nucleic acids? 2. What is the monomer for nucleic acids? 3. Name the three parts in a monomer. 4. What is ATP and what does it do? 5. What re polymers of nucleotides called? 6. What do these polymers do? 7. Name the two nucleic acids 8. How are they different? 9. Label the parts on a nucleotide. 10. Label the 3 parts on a nucleotide below. 11. On the figure at right label: a. the sugar-phosphate backbone b. a nucleotide c. deoxyribose sugar d. a phosphate group e. a nitrogen base 12. List beside each base the complementary base on the other chain. 13. DNA is two polynucleotide chains held together in the middle by bonds. 14. How many chains make RNA? 15. List two other ways RNA differs from DNA.
Amatuzzi # 4: Proteins pp. 48-49 Period due 1. Which elements make up proteins? 2. Proteins are polymers of which monomer? 3. Label the parts of this monomer. 4. These monomers are joined into polymers by covalent bonds called 5. What is a polypeptide? 6. How is a protein different from a polypeptide? 7. List three functions of proteins. Structure and Function 8. How many different amino acids exist in nature? a. How are they different from each other? 9. How does a cell know how to make a protein? Levels of Organization 10. Describe the four levels of protein structure: a. Primary structure b. Secondary structure c. Tertiary structure d. 4 th level (quarternary) 11. How is the shape of a protein maintained?
Amatuzzi # 5: Enzymes pp. 52-53 Period 1. What is a catalyst? 2. Why do cells in living things need catalysts for reactions? - Nature s catalysts 3. What kind of molecule is an enzyme? 4. What do enzymes do? 5. How much of a difference do enzymes make in the speed of a reaction? Use the reaction forming carbonic acid in the blood as an example. a. What would happen in the blood if this reaction occurred slowly? 6. Can the same enzyme work on many different molecules? 7. How are enzymes often named? Enzyme-substrate complex 8. How do enzymes speed a reaction? 9. What is a substrate? 10. What is the active site? 11. How is the action of an enzyme similar to a lock and key? Regulation of Enzyme Activity 12. List three factors that affect the action of an enzyme. 13. At which temperature do most enzymes work in humans? - 14. Most enzymes in the body work at or near ph of 7, but in the stomach the ph is 15. Describe the steps in an enzyme-controlled reaction. 1. 2 2. 3. 1 4. Can the enzyme be used more than once? 3 4
Amatuzzi # 5: Energy in Reactions p. 51 Period Energy changes 1. How does energy change determine whether or not a reaction will occur? 2. In what form(s) is energy usually released in a spontaneous reaction? 3. What must be added for reactions that absorb energy to occur? Energy sources 4. All organisms need to carry out reactions that use energy. Why? 5. What is the source of energy for these reactions in plants? a. In animals? 6. How is energy released from food? Activation energy 7. What is activation energy? 8. Is activation energy needed for reactions that end up releasing energy? 9. Compare the graphs in Figure 2-20. How does the energy of the reactants and products differ between an energy-absorbing (endothermic) reaction and an energy-releasing (exothermic) reaction? 10. See Figure 2-19. How does a chemical reaction make it possible for the blood to carry carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it can be excreted from the body? a. Write the equation