FACT SHEET IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Territory: Borders: 1,648,195 sq. km. Azerbaijan (432 km/268 mi) and Armenia (35 km/22 mi) to the north-west; Turkmenistan (992 km/616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km/565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km/582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km/310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km/906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south. Population (thousands) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 75,424 76,424 77,447 78,470 79,109 80,043 15-64 aged 53,676 54,309 54,913 55,460 56,428 56,926 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Seizures of illicit drugs (kg) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Jan-Jun 2016 Opioids: Heroin 10,181 13,730 13,459 16,099 10,522 Opium 385,085 436,159 393,013 471,649 234,405 Opium, remnant 1,978 n/a n/a n/a n/a Shireh (opium residue) 543 n/a n/a n/a n/a Illicit morphine 6,997 10,429 12,717 7,992 5,142 Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Hashish (resin) 66,693 76,067 77,828 95,570 70,174 Cocaine-type: Cocaine salts 0.4 n/a n/a n/a n/a ATS: Methamphetamine 3,357 3,677 2,644 2,419 796 Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports 2011-2015, UNODC World Drug Reports, UNODC Annual Report Questionnaires Updated February 2017 1
Seizures of illicit precursor and other substances 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 Acetic anhydride (lt) 80 2,399 1 33,394 2 17,820 3 n/a Acetic chloride (lt) 0 16,000 0 n/a n/a Ammonium chloride (kg) n/a n/a n/a n/a 238,000 Ephedrine (kg) n/a 2,738 4 48,536 5 n/a n/a Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports 2009-2014 (data for 2012 are not available) Kitchen laboratories destroyed by law enforcement agencies 2012 2013 2014 2015 Jan-Jun 2016 Methamphetamine 214 445 340 216 99 Source: Drug Control Headquarters reports, UNODC Annual Report Questionnaires Note: There are no heroin labs in Iran as reported by Drug Control Headquarters and Anti Narcotic Police. Seizure cases (in percentage) by transportation method of drug trafficking, 2015 Air 0 0 0 0 90 n/a 0 25 0 0 Mail 1 1 1 1 1 n/a 0 4 1 1 Road 79 79 79 79 9 n/a 100 70 98 98 Sea 20 20 20 20 0 n/a 0 1 1 1 Source: UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire Map of heroin seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2014 Inbound Heroin Opium Cocaine Methamphetamine Morphine Outbounbounbounbounbounbounbound In- Out- In- Out- In- Out- Inbound Outbound 1 Destined to Afghanistan 2 4,000 litres destined to Kyrgyzstan; 1,330 destined to Pakistan; 28,064 destined to Afghanistan 3 The consignment was originated from China, destined to Afghanistan 4 Source: Anti Narcotic Police 5 530 kg originated from Pakistan; 48,006 kg originated from Iraq Updated February 2017 2
Map of opium seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2014 Map of morphine seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2014 Updated February 2017 3
Map of hashish seizures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2014 Joint/simultaneous and Maritime Operations 2012 2013 2014 2015 Jan-Mar 2016 I.R. of Iran-Pakistan 0 2 6 5 3 Total seized drugs (kg) 0 3,639.6 1,267.3 0 0 Opium (kg) 0 1,052.85 247.3 0 0 Heroin (kg) 0 0 0 0 0 Hashish (kg) 0 2,586.75 1,020 0 0 Morphine (kg) 0 0 0 0 0 I.R. of Iran-Afghanistan 2 0 0 10 2 Total seized drugs (kg) 387 0 0 0 0 Opium (kg) 380 0 0 0 0 Heroin (kg) 7 0 0 0 0 Hashish (kg) 0 0 0 0 0 Morphine (kg) 0 0 0 0 0 Source: Drug Control Headquarters and Anti Narcotic Police Reports Updated February 2017 4
Maritime operations in 2013 As a result of a real-time intelligence led regional exchange and cooperation between the I.R. of Iran and United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 20-23 August 2013, approximately 7,284 kg of drugs (heroin, opium, and hashish) were seized in the waters of the I. R. of Iran and the United Arab Emirates. The covert intelligence plan for this maritime drug control operation started 5 months earlier through exchanges of details and telephone numbers of a group of drug traffickers among Pakistan, Iran and UAE police. The destination of seized drugs, as stated by the Iranian police (with reference to what arrested traffickers have admitted to UAE police) were regional Arab markets (mostly hashish), and African onwards European destinations (heroin). The opium seized in this operation was destined to enter Iranian and UAE territories from the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf. During this operation, 10 members of an international drug trafficking network were arrested by Iranian coast guards in Iranian waters. An intelligence-led exchange operation took place as the result of close cooperation among Iran, Oman and UAE. The operation started in mid-september, followed by ten days of extensive surveillance of a vessel run by drug traffickers. The operation led to the arrest of a number of traffickers and seizure of the vessel by Omani authorities. The intelligence exchanged among the three countries indicated that the trafficker vessel with drug cargo had left a Pakistani port carrying around 1 ton of different types of drugs in sealed packs. There seems to be a new drive in the region for boosting maritime cooperation against illicit drug trafficking (and illicit chemical trafficking) between the I. R. of Iran and regional Arab states. Source: Islamic Republic of Iran Anti Narcotic Police and Drug Control Headquarters reports DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (USD per kg) 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 Heroin (unknown purity) 3,640 1,930-11,815 1,440-8,518 1,110-4,683 2,004-8,326 Opium 1,445 770-1,920 588-1,160 453-912 452-924 Hashish (resin) 370 170-890 66-115 88-403 188-564 Methamphetamine 6,835 4,560-9,130 7,301 n/a 5,197 Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports, World Drug Reports 2011-2016, UNODC Annual Questionnaire Reports Note: Prices are collected in local currency but are presented in US dollars. The conversion into US dollars is based on official UN rates. However, comparisons of prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes in the local markets. The single figures reflect typical prices. Retail prices of illicit drugs (USD per gram) 2009 Heroin (unknown purity) 10-47 Opium 0.3-1.6 Hashish (resin) 0.2-1.0 Source: World Drug Report 2015 (latest available data) Drug purity and composition of drugs identified by of the Research Center of Anti-Narcotics Police, 2012 Heroin Heroin hydrochloride Purity Natural Adulterant Morphine, Codeine, Caffeine, Acetaminophen, Phenobarbital, Diazepam, n/a Tebaine, Papaverine, Dextromethorphan, Lidocaine, Hydrocotarnine, Narcotine, Meconin Phenolphetaleine n/a Source: Research Center of Anti-Narcotics Police, IRA Caffeine, Acetaminophen, Phenobarbital, Diazepam, Methophane, Lidocaine, Hydrocotarnine, Phenolphetaleine Updated February 2017 5
DRUG-RELATED CRIME Suspects arrested in the country (persons) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Distributors/traffickers 285,430 227,122 255,001 254,514 241,042 Average daily arrests of n/a 783 711 831 697 distributors/traffickers Foreigners 3,773 3,431 3,802 n/a n/a Drug users 14,748 34,397 48,398 66,977 n/a Source: Drug Control Headquarters Reports and Anti Narcotic Police Report on Drug Situation in the I. R. of Iran Organized drug-related crime 2012 2013 2014 2015 Jan-Jun 2016 Trafficking groups dismantled 2,579 2,940 2,816 2,885 1,455 Source: DCHQ Drug Control Reports DRUG ABUSE Centers active in the field of treatment and harm reduction 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Governmental No. of centers 400 328 n/a n/a n/a No. of admissions 184,973 120,943 120,584 85,122 75,363 Non-Governmental No. of centers 1,994 2,446 n/a n/a n/a No. of admissions 512,251 600,565 634,810 679,378 711,018 Source: Drug Control Headquarters and Statistical Center of Iran Nationwide outpatient treatment clinics 2015 Total number of outpatient clinics 6,170 Including by type of supervising organisation: Clinics operating under medical universities 4,843 Clinics operating under State Welfare Organization 1,163 Clinics operating under the Prisons Organization 164 Including by type of organisation: Private clinics 5,767 (93.5%) Public clinics 403 (6.5%) Source: Drug Control Headquarters Annual Report for 2015 Updated February 2017 6
Number of treatment clinics, 2009-2015 Most widely consumed drugs, 2015 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1,794 2,275 2,774 2,394 5,233 6,347 6,170 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2015 Opium Source: Drug Control Headquarters Annual Report for 2015 Data source: Drug Control Headquarters Annual Report for 2015 Note: The number of treatment centres increased because of the rise in the Note: Ice stands for crystal methamphetamine number of NGOs providing treatment services and the number of referrals thanks to improvement in treatment services and raise in public awareness. Ice Crack heroin Heroin Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged 15-64 Best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Amphetamines 0.13 0.10-0.16 2010 Cannabis No recent, reliable estimate Cocaine 0.01 0.00-0.01 2008 Opiates 2.27 n/a 2010 Source: UNODC World Drug Report, 2016 (latest available data) Based on the Annual Report Questionnaire 2013, filled out by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the estimated number of drug users is 1.3 million and the annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged 15-64 is 2.65%. The data was derived from a General Population Survey, carried out by the Drug Control Headquarters in 2011. Drug-related mortality with ranking of drugs as primary cause of death 2010 2011 2012 2013 Number of deaths 3,673 3,593 3,056 2,986 Reference population 53,132,124 53,244,800 54,309,370 55,275,782 Rate per million aged 15-64 69 67 56 54 Ranking of drugs as primary cause of death Opioids 1 1 1 n/a ATS 2 2 2 1 Source: UNODC World Drug Reports, 2012-2016 Updated February 2017 7
HIV/AIDS 5 16 17 44 43 59 54 45 38 41 258 New HIV/AIDS cases reported, 1986 2015 6 716 487 375 497 2458 1806 2009 2193 2489 2091 1910 2151 2162 1794 1806 1779 1296 1697 1613 Source: HIV/AIDS Office, Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health HIV/AIDS cases according to gender, 1986-21 March 2016 HIV/AIDS AIDS Deaths Total 31,950 10,674 8,053 Male 26,988 7,960 7,524 (%) 84 75 93 Female 4,962 2,714 529 (%) 16 25 7 Source: HIV/AIDS Office, Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health Transmission method in HIV/AIDS cases Until 21 March 2016 Total number 31,950 Injecting drug use (%) 68 Sexual intercourse (%) 18 Blood and blood products (%) 1 Mother to child (%) 2 Unidentified (%) 11 Source: HIV/AIDS Office, Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health National estimation of HIV prevalence in various population groups Prevalence Estimation year General population aged 15-49 0.14 2014 People who inject drugs (%) 13.8 2014 Sex workers (%) 4.5 (female) 7 2010 MSM (%) n/a n/a Prisoners (%) 1.4 2012-2013 Source: Islamic Republic of Iran AIDS Progress Report on Monitoring of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS, March 2015, National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education 6 The figures are cumulative, indicating the number of HIV/AIDS and death cases from the beginning of data reporting from the Ministry of Health (1986) to end of each fiscal year. 7 There is not any study about male sex workers Updated February 2017 8
DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification/accession status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 30 August 1972 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 9 August 2000 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 7 December 1992 Ratification/accession status of Crime-Related Treaties United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC Status Under consideration by the Parliament United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 20 April 2009 - - - Updated February 2017 9