Central catecholamine pathways in stress reactions Palkovits Miklós Semmelweis University, Budapest 2016
Selye János (1907-1982) In 1936, when this definition was formulated, we knew of only three objective indicators that could be recognized no matter how stress was produced. these indicators were: - the mobilization of the anterior pituitary-adrenal axis, - the readily observable involution of the thymico-lymphatic system - and the appearance of peptic ulcers. doctor honoris causa at 43 universities 10x nominations for Nobel Prize
Cannon WB, Lissak K (1939) Evidence for adrenaline in adrenergic neurons. Am J Physiol 125: 765 777. Dahlström A, Fuxe K (1964) Evidence of the existence of monoamine containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in cell bodies of brain stem neurons. Acta Physiol Scand 62: 1 55. Hökfelt T, Fuxe K, Goldstein M, Johansson O (1974) Immunohistochemical evidence for the existence of adrenaline neurons in the rat brain. Brain Res 66: 235 251.
How get stress signals the paraventricular nucleus from the cerebral cortex?
Sarubbo et al., 2013
Alm et al., 2015
FIGURE 8A Binary masks of all of the nodes (blue) and all of the functionally-defined group probability maps (yellow) in the anterior Salience Network (asn) to show their spatial extents and locations. Figley et al., 2015
FIGURE 8B Binary masks of all of the nodes (blue) and all of the functionally-defined group probability maps (yellow) in the posterior Salience Network (psn) to show their spatial extents and locations. Figley et al., 2015
anterior cingulate cortex hippocampus amygdala (behavioral responses) paraventricular nucleus (stress responses)
How get stress signals the paraventricular nucleus from the periphery?
stress signals to the paraventricular nucleus stressor catecholamines A1-A2-A6-C1c-C2 limbic system hypothalamus other transmitters cerebral cortex
tractus spinohypothalamicus
tractus spinoreticularis ascending reticular activating sysytem
signals from the paraventricular nucleus to the periphery
A B activation of sympathetic activity, thermogenesis and glucose utilization paraventricular projections to preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (DVN)
descending neuronal pathways (premotor sympathetic neurons)
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus, ventral cells A5 noradrenaline cell group Rostral C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups thoracal spinal cord
IMMO 3V paraventricular nucleus
Paraventricular projections F 3V
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus A5 noradrenaline cell group C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups
Paraventricular projections to lower brainstem catecholamine neurons
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus (caudal part) A5 noradrenaline cell group C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus A5 noradrenaline cell group C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus A5 noradrenaline cell group C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus (caudal part) A5 noradrenaline cell group C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups
ascending neuronal pathways descending humoral and neuronal pathways stressor catecholamines A1-A2-A6-C1c-C2 limbic system hypothalamus pituitary adrenal P other transmitters cerebral cortex catecholamines A5-A6c-A7-C1r adrenomedullary sympathoneural stress signal routes routes of stress response
Find your own natural stress level and run toward what you accept as your own goal. Granted, this is difficult and takes much time, but too many people suffer all their lives because they are too conservative to risk a radical change and break with tradition. (Selye) Selye s Guide to Stress Research, 1980
Köszönöm figyelmüket!
összefoglaló 1 stressful stimuli 2 projections to the integrative centers 3 HPA axis 4 pituitary-adrenomedullary pathway 5 inputs to descending CA-projection neurons 6 non-aminerg premotor sympathetic fibers 7 aminerg premotor sympathetic fibers 8 sympathetic preganglionic fibers to the adrenal medulla 9 preganglionic sympathetic fibers 10 postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus (caudal part) A5 noradrenaline cell group C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups
Premotor sympathetic cell groups ( command neurons pattern generators ) Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Locus coeruleus (caudal part) A5 noradrenaline cell group C1 adrenaline cell group Medullary serotonin cell groups
stress signals stress response catecholamines A1-A2-A6-C1c-C2 limbic system pituitary adrenal stressor other transmitters hypothalamus cerebral cortex catecholamines A5-A6c-A7-C1r sympathetic premotor adrenomedullary sympathoneural P
Stress response routes - from the hypothalamus - neurohumoral routes - neuronal routes
Stress response routes - from the hypothalamus - neurohumoral routes - neuronal routes
CRF-immunoreactive nerve terminals of paraventricular origin on A5 noradrenergic neurons
CRF-immunoreactive nerve terminals of paraventricular origin on C1 adrenergic neurons
histamine nucleus tuberomamillaris rat human