Conference on Sustainability in Asia Partnerships for Research and Implementation April 6-7, 2017 Hong Kong INTRODUCTION TO ONE HEALTH (AND PLANETARY HEALTH) Dirk Pfeiffer Chair Professor of One Health Director of Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice
One Health and Planetary Health One Health o integrated effort of multiple disciplines to achieve optimal health for human, animal and environment Planetary Health o health of human civilisation and state of natural systems on which it depends Image from: http://barfblog.com/tags/one-health/ 2
Context Societal, cultural and ecological influences Goal(s) eg public health, economic security, social stability, animal and environmental health Animals Livestock production Humans Environment Disease emergence Institutional context Animal and human health service Patterns, provision and access Regulation and governance
Current Status of Planetary Boundaries From: Steffen et al. Science 2015;347:1259855
Antibiotic Residue Pathways in Ecosystems Silvia Berkner et al. EMBO Rep. 2014;15:740-744 2014 by European Molecular Biology Organization
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND ZOONOTIC DISEASE Poultry and Avian Influenza 6
Growth of Meat Consumption 1961 to 2025 70 60 Meat (kg/person/year) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Data source: FAOSTAT and OECD World China 7
Spatial Distribution of HPAI H5N1 in S & SE Asia since 2010 AI data source: FAO Empres-i
Tét Holidays and AI Outbreaks in Vietnam (2004 Mar 2017) Updated from: Pfeiffer et al 2007 - The Veterinary Journal Data source: FAO Empres-i Tét holiday periods
Network Analysis of Poultry Trade in Northern Vietnam Trader Commune From: Magalhaes et al 2010 - BMC Vet Research
Free Grazing Duck Flocks in Mekong Delta of Vietnam Source: A Meyer, T Vergne 11
Role of Fighting Cocks? common throughout South-East Asia cultural significance organised fighting cock industry, including breeders o official gambling industry informal cock fighting o most rural households involved o fighting cocks recruited from backyard chickens less controlled by authorities
Chicken Transaction Chain: Example of Business Relations (Cash, Chickens and Credit) in Chittagong, Bangladesh LBM poultry shop Farmer LBM wholesaler LBM poultry shop and wholesaler From: Høg et al submitted Broker Middlemen Medicine dealer Feed dealer Feed company Hatchery Field veterinarian
Explaining Practices associated with Chicken Slaughter at Live Bird Markets in Chittagong, Bangladesh habituation o current practices have become habituated lack of self-risk perception o most workers see no risk necessity o workers have no occupational alternative confidence o bare handed approach is a tactic of risk avoidance to conciliate consumers From: Høg et al submitted
HPAIV H5N1 Transmission in S & SE-Asia adapted from V. Martin, FAO-AGA
Factors influencing Effectiveness of Risk Management availability of resources Social, economic and political factors legislation, governance variation of values within society stakeholder acceptance policy measures Risk Management? policy impact uncertainty Science scientific knowledge
Global Chicken Meat Trade Network (Top 25% Importers in 2013) From: FAOSTAT
Ambient Density of Human Population in Megacities FROM: URBANAGE.LSECITIES.NET London Mumbai Kampala New York City Shanghai Hong Kong
Conclusions eco-social systems changing rapidly o increasing urbanisation o increasing demand for food, including meat need to better understand o socio-economic and anthropological drivers of zoonotic disease risk food trade networks biosecurity behaviour along value chains need to develop cost-effective surveillance and control policies based on inter- and transdisciplinary approaches o improved monitoring and management of national and international trade o need to effectively influence human behaviour along food value chains
THANK YOU VERY MUCH 20