Palm Oil: A Preferred Healthy Dietary Choice Kalyana Sundram, PhD Deputy Chief Executive Officer & Director, Science & Environment Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC)
Palm Kernel Oil (Oleochemical Applications & minor food applications) Mesocarp Kernel Palm Oil Food & Non Food Application
The Diet-Heart Hypothesis Ancel Keys Atherosclerosis is not part of the aging process Blood cholesterol levels predict heart disease Diet high in saturated fat content is a major risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Soaring cardiac-mortality rates of the 1960s
Worldwide Prevalence of Diabetes Expected to Increase World Health Organization, 2000 vs 2030 Diabetes Prevalence (in millions) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 2000 2030 160% 102% Diabetes prevalence ~171 million in 2000 ~366 million in 2030 180% 44% 155% 99% 0 Africa Americas E Medit Europe SE Asia W Pacific World Health Organization. www.who.org
Dietary fat composition: by fatty acids Fatty Acids, % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18:2 18:0 18:3 C18:1 16:0 AAD 34%en 15:12:7 P/S 0.4 14:0 12:0 10:0 t18:1 6:0+ 8:0 16:1 Coco PKO MilkF CoaBut Tallow Pstear Palm pole Lard Chick Olive hiosun Canola Soyb Corn Saff saturated fats unsaturated fats
Sundram K, Hornstra G, et al. (1992). Replacement of dietary fat with palm oil: effect on human serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Br J Nutr. 68(3):677-92. 6 5 4 Initial Palm Oil Control 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Initial Palm Oil Control mmol/l 3 mmol/l 0.5 0.4 2 0.3 1 0.2 0.1 0 Serum TC VLDL IDL LDL 0 HDL1 HDL2 HDL3 Increase HDL 2 -C significantly when replaced by palm oil.
Concentration (mmol/l) 5 4 3 2 1 0 Effect of Dietary Palmitate and LM on Serum Lipids & Lipoproteins TC LDL-C HDL-C L/H 12:0+14:0 16:0 Sundram et al. AJCN 1994
Palm Olein and MUFA-rich Oils exert similar effects on the ratio of Total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) in human subjects
Results of Randomized Studies of the Effects of a Diet High in Trans Fatty Acids (Circles) or Saturated Fatty Acids (Squares) on the Ratio of LDL Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol Ascherio A et al. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1994-1998
FIG 6 Plasma cholesterol (mg/dl) COMPARISON BETWEEN cis 18:1, 16:0, 12:0+14:0, AND trans 18:1 IN NORMOLIPEMIC HUMANS 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 124 49 186 cis18:1 32%en 10:17:5 P/S 0.5 123 49 189 16:0 32%en 14:14:4 P/S 0.3 139* 201* 12:0+14:0 33%en 17:10:6 P/S 0.4 trans 18:1 31%en 7:11/7:6 P/S 0.8 VLDL LDL >2.6 >2.6 > 3.1* >3.7* 46 149* 41* 204* HDL Sundram et al. J.Nutr.127:514s,1997
Moderator Dennis Bier, M.D. Professor of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Participants Margo A. Denke, M.D. Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio Joseph Judd, Ph. D. Former Research Leader, Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service Richard O Brien Industry Consultant, Author, Fats and Oils Formulating and Processing for Applications Fran Seligson, Ph. D. Independent consultant and Associate Professor in the Nutrition Department at Penn State Howard Weintraub, M.D. Co-Clinical Director, Lipid Treatment and Research Center, New York University Medical Center, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
HUMAN LIPOPROTEIN RESPONSE TO SHIFTS BETWEEN SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs 35 30 DIETARY FATTY ACIDS 18:3 18:2 SERUM CHOLESTEROL 200 177 175 150 173 176 VLDL Percent energy 25 20 15 10 5 18:1 18:0 16:0 125 100 75 50 25 100 48 95 94 >2.1 >2.0 56* 48 LDL >1.7* HDL 0 POL 31%EN 13:14:4 P/S 0.3 CAN 31%EN 6:17:8 P/S 1.3 AHA 30%EN 10:13:8 P/S 0.8 0 POL CAN AHA Sundram et al. J.Nutr.Biochem. 6:179,1995
SMART BALANCE FAMILY OF FOODS Based on the Patents (Sundram et al. ) and the Brand name SMART BALANCE, a US public listed company has paid US$465 million to acquire this business. Palm oil thus ticks even in the most sophisticated markets!
Saturated Fatty Acids - Revisited RRs for coronary outcomes in prospective cohort studies of circulating saturated fatty acid composition Chowdhury et al., Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:398-406. doi: 10.7326/M13-1788 17
Carotene and Vitamin E Composition Carotene (1000 ppm) * 30% alpha carotene * 60% beta carotene * 1% lycopene * 9% others Vitamin E (500 ppm) * 70% tocotrienols * 30% tocopherols
Red palm oil rich in provitamin A carotene used successfully to overcome night blindness Carotenes are potent antioxidants. Palm carotenes should protect against oxidative damage in diabetics as well!
Vitamin E Tocotrienols & Tocopherols HO 6 R 1 4 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 HO 6 R 1 4 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 R 2 8 CH 3 O 1 1' 4' 8' 12' CH3 R 2 8 O 4' 8' 12' CH 3 CH 1 1' 3 R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 a-tocotrienol CH 3 CH 3 g-tocotrienol H CH 3 b-tocotrienol CH 3 H d-tocotreinol H H a-tocopherol CH 3 CH 3 g-tocopherol H CH 3 b-tocopherol CH 3 H d-tocopherol H H
g-tocotrienol and Atherosclerosis g-tocotrienol Bloodstream Endothelial Cells Adhesion Molecules Monocytes g-tocotrienol LDL Particles Artery Wall Oxidized LDL g-tocotrienol Foam Cells Oxidized LDL Uptake by Macrophage g-tocotrienol Smooth Muscle Cells
Saturated Fats & Palm Oil Current Evidence Revisited The assumption that saturated fat at ANY level of intake is deleterious is no longer supported by scientific evidence Variations in human genetics, lifestage and lifestyles lead to variations in responses to diet, including saturated fat Specific saturated fats at appropriate intakes for overall good health and nutrition is the future of diet and health It is time to put the saturated-fat heart disease hypothesis to bed and seek real scientific evidence for heart disease risk! Low Fat, High Carbohydrate Diets contribute to obesity burden and are not the healthy alternative Palm Oil will benefit from this movement
THANK YOU MALAYSIAN PALM OIL COUNCIL www.mpoc.org.my