Options for Managing Mites and Weevils L. K. Tanigoshi, B. S. Gerdeman & G. H. Spitler WSU Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research & Extension Center Department of Entomology
Table 1. Clay colored root weevil bioassay, 2008. Percent Mortality Treatment lb(ai)/acre 1DAT BAS 320 I 0.18 100a BAS 320 I 0.25 100a Brigade WSB 0.10 100a Untreated check 0b Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P<0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS.
BAS 320 I (metaflumizone), Group 22 MOA, sodium channel blocker essential for nerve activity, stomach (ingestion), limited contact. State of relaxed paralysis : stop feeding and immobility. Death delayed, 1-72 hours after ingestion. Low impact on predatory insects and pollinators. Good activity on caterpillars, some beetles, bugs, ants, flies, termites and fleas. Field/lab trials have detected no cross-resistance to metaflumizone by insect resistant strains to other chemistries. Not registered by the US EPA.
Table 1. Rough strawberry root weevil bioassay, 2008. Percent Mortality Treatment lb(ai)/acre 1DAT BAS 320 I 0.18 100a BAS 320 I 0.25 100a Brigade WSB 0.10 100a Untreated check 0b Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P<0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS.
Black Vine Weevil Field Trials, Burlington, WA 2008
DPX-E2Y45, (chlorantraniliprole), Class 28 MOA, binds to insect ryanodine receptors, causing uncontrolled release and depletion of Ca ++. Prevents muscle contraction, paralysis, stops feeding, lethargy and ultimately death. Ingestion stops feeding within minutes. Active on eggs (ovicidal) and larvae (ovi-larvicidal). Translaminar activity and rainfast. Highly effective on caterpillars, some beetles, and flies. No cross resistant to insect populations resistant to other classes of insecticides. Selective to predators, parasitoids and pollinators.
Root Weevil Soil Injection Trials, 2008 Table 1. Mean root weevil larval mortality, 2008. Percent Mortality Treatment lb(ai)/acre 10 cm 20 cm 30 cm Admire Pro 0.38 40a 60a 30a Platinum 2SC 0.19 40a 50a 40a Untreated check 10b 5b 33a Mean within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's protected LSD, P<0.05), PRC ANOVA SAS.
Yellow spider mite 2008 1997 2008
YSM Control on Red Raspberry, Lynden, WA 2008
Envidor (spirodiclofen), Group 23 Miticide, not registered on small fruit. MOA, lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (LBI). Active by contact on mite eggs, all nymphal stages and adult females. Applications made as a preventive treatment or timed to coincide with early threshold level. This is a rationale approach for the use of all currently registered miticides for small fruit spider mite populations.
Acramite 50WS, bifenazate, Chemtura Selective to spider mites, not rust, broad, or flat mites. Quick knockdown through contact activity. Long residual control. Relatively inactive against predaceous phytoseiid mites and insects. Compatible with strawberry IPM and resistance management programs. Sect. 3 caneberry label expected EPA 2Q 2008. Non-bearing caneberries, 12 REI.
YSM Control on Red Raspberry, Lynden, WA 2007
Neoseiulus fallacis on Red Raspberry, Lynden, WA 2007
Neoseiulus fallacis on Red Raspberry, Lynden, WA 2008
Twospotted spider mite Dusty road
TSSM Control on Red Raspberry, Mt. Vernon, WA 2007
TSSM Control on Red Raspberry, Mt. Vernon, WA 2008
2-3 pair of dusky spots. 36-40 eggs/female. Commonly infest distal branches & terminals. Feed primarily on underside of leaves. Very little webbing is produced. Active late in the fall before females overwinter. 2 black spots. 100 + eggs/female. Infestation moves from lower foliage to distal ones. Feed on both surfaces of leaves. Produce webbing to cover entire leaf. Active to end of summer.
European red mite Overwinters in egg stage. Adults colored dark velvety green to brownishred. Note red spots at base of dorsal setae. Inhabit both leaf surfaces. Known from raspberry, not widespread in northwestern Washington. Recently reported in British Columbia.
Summary-Red Raspberry Scout/monitor for spider mites in early May. Provisonal treatment threshold of <5 overwintering female/leaflet and few eggs. Full rate of Acramite and/or Savey + adjuvant. Rotate with Vendex if second application is needed. Manage DUST, protects mites from predators. Basal spray for early emerging CCW, WRFW and overwintering BVW (bifenthrin, zeta-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam). Do not apply more than 0.2 lb(ai)/ac/season or split prebloom and postbloom application of bifenthrin. Pyrethroids associated with spider mite flare-ups/resistance!
Summary The discovery of non-cholinergic miticides beginning with Vendex/Plictran during the early 70 s days for IPM has resulted in multiple new, novel mode of action, mite specific acaricides (ATP inhibitors, IGRs, LBI, GABA inhibitor) for small fruits over the past 5 years. Most are harmless to natural enemies and classified as reduced risk compounds by EPA. Agri-mek, Acramite, Savey, Kanemite, Zeal, Oberon.
Acknowledgments Washington State Red Raspberry Commission Washington State Strawberry Commission BASF The Chemical Company Bayer CropScience Chemtura DuPont Syngenta C. Meckstroth L. Hirdler J. Flores