Spotted wing drosophila in North Carolina 2013 Update
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- Darrell Stafford
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1 Spotted wing drosophila in North Carolina 2013 Update Hannah Joy Burrack Jesse Hardin Katherine Swoboda Dylan Kraus Doug McPhie Department of Entomology
2 North Carolina host crops 2013 Impacts Significant infestation in caneberries (sprayed or unsprayed). Blueberry infestation developed post harvest for southern highbush but was common during rabbiteye harvest & in processing fruit. No reported infestation in commercially grown spring fruiting strawberries. Large infestation in research station plots. Soft fruit reported in day neutrals, SWD confirmed. No reported infestation in commercially grown grapes. Grape berry moth damaged muscadines colonized by other Drosophilidae.
3 North Carolina host crops 2013 Impacts
4 Activities Season-long management programs - Efficacy & Risks Efficacy of unregistered insecticides Effect of spray volume on insecticide efficacy Novel management tactics Effects of cold temperatures on immature SWD Blueberry variety susceptibility Effects of diet on intraspecific competition Local movement & infestation patterns
5 Status Biology Impacts - Management Host selection and utilization Infestation rate differs between raspberry and blackberry varieties when flies have free choice ( ) a b c c d The same pattern does not appear to hold for blueberries ( ) or day neutral strawberries (2013) variety: F 18,435 =2.28, p = ; date, year random
6 Status Biology Impacts - Management Season-long management programs Treatment Number 1. Export: Export friendly, maximum modes of action (MOA) 2. ShortPHI: Short Preharvest Interval (1d PHI) 3. Red.Risk: EPA Reduced Risk/OP Alternatives Weekly rotation of Materials Imidan phosmet OP (1B) Malathion 8F malathion OP (1B) Delegate spinetoram spinosyn (5) Danitol fenpropathrin pyrethroid (3A) Mustang Max zeta-cypermethrin pyrethroid (3A) Malathion 8F malathion OP (1B) Delegate spinetoram spinosyn (5) GA: Exirel cyantraniliprole ryanodine (28) NC: Assail acetamiprid neonicotinoid (4A) 4. UTC: Untreated Control
7 Status Biology Impacts - Management Study sites Season-long management programs Experimental design Sites Farms Acres Reps. Varieties GA 1 Commercial Mixed highbush GA 2 Research Rabbiteye: Brightwell, Climax, Powderblue NC 1 Commercial 12 3 Highbush: Duke NC 2 Commercial Highbush: Legacy
8 Status Biology Impacts - Management Approaches Data collection Monitor impacts of D. suzukii Adult trap captures, weekly Larval infestation, weekly Pesticide residues, 7DAT Analysis by GA Dept of Ag Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT 5m + 5f flies checked 1, 3, 5d for survival
9 Status Biology Impacts - Management Approaches Data collection Monitor impacts of D. suzukii Adult trap captures, weekly Larval infestation, weekly Pesticide residues, 7DAT Analysis by GA Dept of Ag Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT 5m + 5f flies checked 1, 3, 5d for survival No significant mortality was observed in any treatments when bioassays were collected 7DAT
10 ppm ppm Maximum observed pesticide residues zeta-cypermethrin NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2 spinetoram NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA phosmet NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2 fenpropathrin NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA malathion NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2 acetamiprid NC NC 2 cyantraniliprole GA 1 GA 2
11 Season-long management programs Efficacy & Risks Observed infestation (field and laboratory) in 7 SHB and 4 RE varieties No significant differences in infestation in the field No significant differences in oviposition or developmental success in laboratory
12 Larvae/berry End of Treatment End of Treatment Season-long management programs Efficacy & Risks 2.00 NC Site 1 NC Site Export Export 1.60 ShortPHI Red.Risk 1.60 ShortPHI Red.Risk 1.20 UTC 1.20 UTC
13 Status Biology Impacts - Management Site Infestation 2 Female Bioassay NC Site 1DAT Season-long management programs NC Site 2 Female bioassay mortality
14 Status Biology Impacts - Management Infestation NC Site 1 Season-long management programs NC Site 2 Females Export Phosmet **** Malathion Spinetoram *** **** Malathion Phosmet Fenpropathrin * Indicates significant difference between treatment and control
15 Status Biology Impacts - Management Infestation NC Site 1 Season-long management programs NC Site 2 Males Export Phosmet **** Malathion Spinetoram **** *** Fenpropathrin **** Malathion Phosmet * Indicates significant difference between treatment and control
16 Status Biology Impacts - Management Site 2 Infestation Bioassay Fruit NC Site Infestation 1 Season-long management programs NC Site 2 Bioassay fruit infestation Acetamiprid Spinetoram Acetamiprid Spinetoram Week Chi-sq P
17 Spray volume effects on efficacy 0 DAT
18 Spray volume effects on efficacy 9 DAT
19 Unregistered material efficacy 0 DAT
20 Unregistered material efficacy 7-10 DAT
21 Effects of diet on intraspecific competition a ab bc c In artificial diets, performance suffers as density increases F df = ,26, p =
22 Effects of diet on intraspecific competition a a b b c c b c In artificial diets, performance suffers as density increases Fruit observations Larvae consistently performed better in raspberries despite densities of up to 3.5 eggs/g fruit (40 larvae/10 ml = 3/g diet) Larvae: F df = ,25, p < Total: F df = ,27, p <0.0001
23 Proportion Survival Effects of diet on intraspecific competition Survival reduced in poor quality diets Competition more acute in low carbohydrate diets Standard diets and raspberry comparable Diet*Eggs: F 9,403 = 2.65, p = abc a cd abc ab a bcd abc abc abc cd de Raspberry Standard No Yeast No Molasses bcd bcd cde e
24 Days Effects of diet on intraspecific competition Development time extended in poor quality diets More acute in low amino acid diets Standard diets and raspberry comparable ab ab bcde bcde Total Development Time de de cde abcd ab ab a a abc abc f ef Raspberry Standard No yeast No molasses Egg Density Diet*Eggs: F 9,145 = 4.08, p =
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