Contents Basic Ultrasound Principles and Terminology Basic Ultrasound Principles... 1 Ultrasound System... 2 Linear Transducer for Superficial Images and Ultrasound-Guided FNA... 3 Scanning Planes... 4 Overall Gain... 5 Time Gain Compensation (TGC)... 6 Focal Zone... 7 Frequency... 8 Depth of View of the Image... 9 Color-Flow Doppler and Power Doppler... 10 Axial Resolution and Lateral Resolution... 11 Contrast Resolution... 12 Ultrasound Nodule Characteristics Nodule Characteristics... 13 Size... 14 Shape... 15 Shape: Taller-Than-Wide... 16 Composition: Solid... 17 Composition: Cystic... 18 Composition: Cystic, Complex... 19 Composition: Spongiform... 20 Margins: Smooth... 21 Margins: Smooth With Halo... 22 Margins: Irregular... 23
Margins: Vague... 24 Echogenicity: Anechoic... 25 Echogenicity: Hypoechoic... 26 Echogenicity: Isoechoic... 27 Echogenicity: Hyperechoic... 28 Internal Echo Pattern: Homogeneous... 29 Internal Echo Pattern: Heterogeneous... 30 Calcification: Rim or Egg Shell... 31 Calcification: Macrocalcifications... 32 Calcification: Microcalcifications... 33 Color-Flow Doppler and Power Doppler... 34 Vascularity: Avascular... 35 Vascularity: Peripheral... 36 Vascularity: Intranodular... 37 Vascularity: Peripheral and Intranodular... 38 Ultrasound Image Artifacts Posterior Acoustic Enhancement... 39 Posterior Acoustic Shadowing... 40 Reverberation Artifact... 41 Colloid Comet Tail Artifact... 42 Edge Shadow Artifact... 43 Mirror Image Artifact... 44 Refraction Artifact... 45 Speed of Sound (Bayonet) Artifact... 46 Thyroid Gland Neck Anatomy, Anterior View... 47 Neck Anatomy, Transverse View... 48
Normal Thyroid Gland Echotexture and Vascularity... 49 Status Post Hemithyroidectomy... 50 Benign Follicular Nodule...51-52 Benign Complex Nodule... 53 Benign Complex Cystic Lesion... 54 Cyst Fluid Drainage... 55 Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis...56-62 Subacute (DeQuervain) Thyroiditis... 63 Ectopic Thyroid Tissue... 64 Normal Esophagus... 65 Esophageal Diverticulum... 66 Papillary Carcinoma...67-69 Papillary Carcinoma Arising in Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis... 70 Papillary Carcinoma, Recurrent... 71 Papillary Carcinoma, Metastatic to Neck Lymph Node...72-74 Follicular Neoplasm...75-77 Follicular Neoplasm, Hürthle Cell Type...78-79 Medullary Carcinoma...80-81 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma...82-83 Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma...84-85 Thyroglobulin Needle Rinse Washout... 86 Parathyroid Gland Neck Anatomy, Posterior View... 87 Adenoma...88-91 Cyst... 92 Parathyroid Hormone Needle Rinse Washout... 93
Lymph Node Lymph Node: Benign and Malignant Features... 95 Cervical Lymph Node Anatomic Locations... 96 Benign...97-98 Reactive...99-102 Granulomatous Lymphadenitis...103-104 Cat Scratch Disease... 105 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma...106-107 Hodgkin Lymphoma...108-109 Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma...110-111 Metastatic Malignancy... 112 Salivary Gland Salivary Gland Anatomy... 113 Normal Salivary Gland Echotexture... 114 Intraparotid Reactive Lymph Node... 115-117 Cyst... 118 Cyst Drainage... 119 Abscess... 120 Sialolith With Dilated Duct... 121 Chronic Sialadenitis... 122 Pleomorphic Adenoma...123-124 Warthin Tumor...125-127 Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion... 128 Sjögren Syndrome... 129 Sarcoidosis... 130 Rosai-Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy)... 131 Acinic Cell Carcinoma... 132
Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma... 133 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma... 134 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma...135-136 Adenocarcinoma... 137 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma...138-140 Soft Tissue Epidermal Inclusion Cyst...141-142 Thyroglossal Duct Cyst...143-144 Cyst Drainage... 145 Branchial Cleft Cyst... 146 Benign Dermoid Cyst... 147 Carotid Body Tumor... 148 Lipoma...149-150 Fat Necrosis... 151 Foreign Body Giant Cell Reaction... 152 Pilomatrixoma and Hemangioma... 153 Ganglion Cyst and Baker Cyst... 154 Calcinosis Cutis and Plantar Fibromatosis... 155 Schwannoma... 156 Nodular Fasciitis and Proliferative Myositis... 157 Myxoma... 158 Desmoid Fibromatosis... 159 Myxopapillary Ependymoma... 160 Abdominal Wall Hernia... 161 Periosteal Chondrosarcoma... 162 Leiomyosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma... 163 Metastatic Colonic Adenocarcinoma and Melanoma... 164
Breast Normal Breast Tissue...165-166 Fatty Breast Tissue... 167 Ribs... 168 Cysts...169-171 Complex Cysts... 172 Subareolar Abscess and Ruptured Silicone Implant... 173 Cancer Mimicking a Complex Cyst... 174 Fibroadenoma... 175 Fat Necrosis... 176 Trauma Reaction Mimicking Carcinoma... 177 Gynecomastia... 178 Nipple Shadow... 179 Carcinoma...180-185 Carcinoma With Axillary Metastasis... 186 Axillary Lymph Nodes...187-188 Male Breast Carcinoma... 189 Index... 190