川北医学院讲稿 Experiment 5: Male and Female Reproductive System Hello, everybody, class is begin,keep quiet, please. And this is the last experimental class. Today we will learn 5 slices and review all structures you have learnt in the form of slides. 29Testis: Under low power note the testis is enclosed by a strong fibrous capsule, the tunica albuginea. It is covered externally with a thin layer of serous epithelium. These fibrous tissue subdivide the organ into lobules. Each lobule contains numerous sections of the highly convoluted seminiferous tubules. Then switch to high power, the Sertoli cells here and there between the spermatogenic cells, they are enlarged, and project between the more internal layers. The cells have their oval or irregular shaped nuclei containing prominent nucleoli localized along the basement membrane, these are relatively few in number. The spermatogenic cells in various stages of development or differentiation can be found. The one next to the basement membrane is a stratum of clear cubical cells - spermatogonia, the most of nuclei exhibits the irregular network which is characteristic of the resting condition, but in some tubules the nuclei show indication of division. There 1
are two main classes of spermatogonia granules and a nucleolus; Type B have a centrally located nucleus with heavily stained chromatin masses. Next to this lining epithelium is a zone of larger cells- primary spermatocytes. They have large nuclei and larger cell volume. The secondary spermatocytes are not frequently encounter and less readily identified. Next to them, and most internal, are to be seen as the result of this division a large number of small cells with simple spherical nuclei- spematid. The spermatozoa lie in groups, their heads lie in the recesses of the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. Their tails project into the lumen of the tubule. Between the seminiferous tubules, the connective tissue contains blood vessels, lymph vessls, vessels, nerve and the usual connective elements. In addition, clusters of epithelioid cells, the interstitial cells( Leydig cells) are also present. They are larger and more rounded than other cells between the seminiferous tubules with eosinophilic cytoplasm. 29Epididymis The epididymis can be seen in the same section of the testis. The epididymis is located on the posterior-superior surface of the testis. 2
The proximal part, or head of the epidydimis is formed by the ductuli efferent which joins the rete testis. The epithelium of the ductuli efferent is simple, consisting of alternating groups of high ciliated columnar cells and shorter nonciliated cells, which are believed to be absorptive. The basal surface of the ductuli has a smooth contour. Locate under the basement membrane is a thin layer of connective tissue containing a thin layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers. The duct is a long, highly convoluted tubule, which is lined by a single epithelium of tall columnar cells with long, no motile stereo cilia and small basal cells. The epithelium is surrounded by the basement membrane, connective tissue containing circular smooth muscle and many blood vessels. Spermatozoa can be seen in the lumina of some of the tubules. 44Prostate The prostate is a tubuloacinar gland. It is composed of many glandular acini in a stroma of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The acini vary in size. The larger sized acini exhibit wide, irregular lumina. The folded walls of acini are lined by simple cuboidal or columnar cells. In older people, the acini often contain colloid prostatic concretion, which may undergo calcification. 30Ovary 3
Under the low power examine the ovary is covered by a single layer of flat epithelial cells. Identify the medullary region, containing several blood vessels and a small amount of loose connective tissue. This is surrounded by a thick cortex. There are no sharp limits between the cortex and medulla. The stroma of the cortex is composed of characteristic spindleshaped of different sizes. Two types of follicles can be distinguished: primordial follicles and growing follicles. The primordial follicles are located in the periphery of the cortex and under the tunic albuginea. They are the smallest and simplest in structure. Stratum granulose refers to the cells which consist of the wall of follicles. Cumulus oophorus is located on one side of the follicle and projects into the antrum with oocyte, zona pellucida, and corona radiate. Between the follicles there are some atretic follicles in which degenerating oocytes can be seen. These cells are large, have large vesicular nuclei, and stain lightly because of lipid inclusions. The theca lutein cells are smaller than granulose lutein cells, their cytoplasn stains deeper and their nuclei are smaller and darker. 31Uterus: 4
The body of the uterus is formed of the following three layers: 1. Perimetrium: which covers the greater part of the fundus. 2. Myometrium: which is of great thickness and is formed of smooth muscle fibers disposed in three or four layers, which are not well defined: the stratum submucosum, the stratum vasculare, the stratum supravasculare, and the stratum subserosum. The first and forth are composed mainly of fibers disposed longitudinally. The stratum vasculare as many large blood vessels. In this layer, has circular and obligue muscle bundles. 3. The endometrium consists of epithelium and lamina propria containing long, simple, tubular glands-uterine glands. The epithelium cells are simple columnar and are a mixture of ciliated and secretary cells. The uterine glands are similar t the superficial epithelium. The connective tissue of the lamina propria contains a large number of spindle-shaped cells. Connective tissue fibers are rare. 5