A Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), 157 158 Acceptance-Based Behavioral Treatment (ABBT), 157 Adjustable gastric bands (AGB), 8, 115 Air-leak test, 80 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist (AACE), 11 American College of Surgeons (ACS), 1 American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), 194 American Diabetes Association, 16 American Society Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), 1, 2, 10, 35, 151 Anastomotic leak classification, 78 diagnosis, 80 etiology and classification, 78 79 management, 81, 82 outcomes, 81 prevention, 79 80 RYGB, 77, 79 UGIS, 80 Anastomotic strictures, 200 201 Anemia, 216 Antecolic orientation, 41 Antihypertensive medications, 26 27 Aspirin and ibuprofen products, 27 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 151 B Balloon dilations, 140, 144 Bariatric emergencies cardiac complications, 37 38 cardiovascular system, 42 gastric band placement, 42 intraluminal bleeding, 40 marginal ulcers, 40 nutritional deficiencies, 38 small bowel obstruction, 41 staple line leak, 38 VTE, 36 Bariatric endoscopy adjustable gastric band, 186 after RYGB, 181 anastomotic stricture, 180 argon plasma coagulation, 188 band slippage, 186 187 bariatric stent, 185 definition, 179 intragastric band erosion, 186 plastic stent, 182 RYGB anastomotic stricture, 180 food intolerance, 183 intragastric erosion, 181 182 marginal ulcers, 180 ring slippage, 182 183 septotomy, 185 sleeve gastrectomy (see Sleeve gastrectomy) weight regain, 187 188 Bariatric procedures, 210 Bariatric surgery cobalamin, 14 complications, 2 diabetes medications, 26 endoscopic therapies, 159 161 encephalopathy, 12 etiology, 162 gut hormones, 155 156 medication management, 25 morbid obesity, 147 neuropathy, 15 obesity-related comorbidities, 147 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 D. Camacho, N. Zundel (eds.), Complications in Bariatric Surgery, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75841-1 221
222 Bariatric surgery (cont.) oral therapy, 15 outcomes, 2 patient behaviors, 148, 156 159 procedures, 208 RYGB, 147 therapeutic endoscopy, 179 thiamin, 13 weight regain (see Weight regain) Bile reflux, 106 Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS), 7, 153, 175, 208 Billroth procedures, 46 Biochemical markers, 11 Buttressing material, 60 C Calcium, 22, 215 Caprini score, 36 Cardiovascular system, 42 Centers of Excellence (COE), 1 Cholecystectomy, 210 Choledocholithiasis, 133 Choosten, 67 Chronic abdominal pain abscess cavity, 134 anatomic and physiologic changes, 123 biliary pathologies, 133 candy cane roux limb, 134 endoscopy, 135 epigastric, 124 etiology, 134 evaluation, 129, 131 132 gastric remnant pathologies, 135 gastrojejunostomy, 125, 128 health-care system, 123 internal hernia, 128 130 intussusception, 130 132 jejunojejunostomy, 131 management, 129 130, 132 133 marginal ulcers (see Marginal ulcers (MU)) pathology, 124 Roux syndrome, 134 RYGB, 123 surgeons, 135 symptoms, 124 Cobalamin, 14 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), 158 Consensus guidelines, 109 Copper nutritional status, 24 D Dacron vascular graft, 116 Depo-Provera injections, 28 Diabetes medications, 26 Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), 158 Diarrhea and malnutrition, 213 214 Distal mesenteric fat, 171 Duodenal switch (DS) advantages, 209 postoperative complications, 211 215 RYGB, 210, 211 solid organ injury, 210 VSG, 211 Dyslipidemic medications, 27 E Electrical stimulation therapy, 110 Encephalopathy, 12 Endoscopic revisions, 159 161 Endoscopic vacuum therapy, 67, 184 Enteroendocrine cells (EECs), 155 Esophageal motor dysfunction, 104 Esophagogastroscopy (EGS), 140 F Fistula-jejunostomy, 64, 65 Folate deficiency, 20 Folic acid, 14, 20, 216 G Gastric band complications, 42 Gastric band erosion AGBs, 115 approaches, 119 endoscopic removal, 118 expectant management, 119 120 factors, 116 literature, 117 management, 117 120 risk factors, 117 surgical removal, 118 symptoms, 117 types, 116 Gastric bypass surgery, 39, 45 Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), 155 Gastrocolic fistulas, 65 Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), 201 202 Gastro-gastric fistula (GGF) algorithm, 93 clinical presentation, 89 definition and pathogenesis, 86 88
diagnosis, 91 endoscopic approach, 92, 97 etiologic factors, 87, 88 Gastrografin, 90 GI study, 90 LAGB, 85 LRYGB, 89 management, 92 medical treatment, 92 principle, 87 risk factors, 87 surgical procedure, 94 symptoms, 88 Gastrografin, 90 Gastrojejunal anastomosis, 78, 79, 180, 187 Gastrojejunostomy (GJ), 45, 47, 53, 139, 140, 188 Ghrelin, 10 Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1), 155 Gut hormones, 155 156 H Hiatal hernia adjustable gastric bands, 104 GERD, 102, 103 GGF, 106 obesity, 101 preoperative assessment, 102 103 prolapse, 104 and reflux, 109 roux-en-y gastric bypass, 105 Hurricane eye sign, 171 Hypoglycemia PHH, 15 postprandial hyperinsulinemic, 17 provocative testing, 16 symptoms, 16 I Incisura, 141 Infertility problems, 194 Instrument palpation, 60 Internal hernia (IH) after RYGB, 167, 168 diagnosis, 169 170 GI series and CT imaging, 170, 171, 173 intussusception, 169 jejunal loops, 169 jejuno-jejunal mesenteric defect, 168 management, 173 175 Petersen s space, 168 potential space, 169 prevention, 175 176 International Sleeve Gastrectomy Expert Panel, 108 Intraluminal bleeding, 40, 41 Intussusception, 130 131 Iron deficiency, 23 J Jejunal mucosa, 124 Jejunoileal bypass (JIB), 208 Jejunojejunostomy (JJ), 132, 139 223 L Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), 85, 101, 104, 198 Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) RYGB, 167 small bowel obstruction, 167 weight loss, 167 LINX Reflux Management System, 110 Lower esophageal sphincter (LES), 103, 110 M Macronutrient deficiencies clinical signs, 17 protein nutrition, 18 Malnutrition, 208 Marginal ulceration, 200 Marginal ulcers (MU) description, 124 125 etiology, 46 evaluation, 126 and gastritis, 48 gastrojejunostomy, 47 and GGF, 46 management, 51, 126 127 perforation, 52 prevention, 50 risk factors, 125 126 in RYGB population, 45 SBO, 127, 128 treatment, 50 UGI bleeding, 53 Mesenteric root, 171 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP), 2 Metabolic bone disease adiponectin, 10 anastomotic ulceration, 11 ghrelin, 10
224 Metabolic bone disease (cont.) management, 11 monitoring, 10 11 pathophysiology, 9 10 RYGB, 9 vitamin D deficiency, 11 Methylene blue test, 80 Micronutrient considerations, 215 Micronutrient deficiencies calcium, 22 copper, 24 folic acid, 20 iron nutrition, 23 thiamine B 1, 19 20 vitamin A, 20 vitamin B 12, 18 19 vitamin D, 21 vitamin E, 22 vitamin K, 22 zinc, 24 Mini-gastric bypass, 106 Morbid obesity, 85, 115 Mushroom sign, 172 Myocardial infarction, 37 N Nasogastric tubes (NGT), 174 National Institutes of Health (NIH), 102 Nephrolithiasis, 11 12 Neurological complications, encephalopathy, 12 13 Nonadjustable gastric band (NAGB), 116 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), 125, 180 Nutrients absorption site, 9 Nutritional deficiencies neuropathy, 15 thiamine, 13 vitamin B 12, 14 O Obesity, 1, 43 Omega loop gastric bypass, 106 Oral contraceptive agents, 28 Osteoprotegerin (OPG), 10 Overstitch, 188 P Peptide YY (PYY), 155, 156 Petersen s space, 168, 175 Portomesenteric vein thrombosis, 37 Pregnancy band erosion, 197 CT scan, 200 LAGB, 197 multivitamins and micronutrients, 195 obesity, 193 post-bariatric pregnant, 196 pouch dilation and band prolapse/slippage, 197 radiology considerations, 196 197 treatment of reflux, 201 use of contraception, 195 Prophylactic treatment, 217 Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), 40, 109, 126, 200 R Radio-frequency energy, 105 Repeat endoscopy, 51 Restorative Obesity Surgery Endoscopic (ROSE), 161 Restrictive procedures, 210 Revisional surgery, 159 161 Routine iron supplementation, 23 Roux configuration, 212 Roux limb, 46, 167 170, 174, 175 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 6, 8, 77, 105, 139 140, 207 S Sclerostin, 10 Sclerotherapy, 161 Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS), 140, 184 Septotomy, 185 Seromyotomy, 141 Seven-trocar approach, 95 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 151 Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), 6, 7, 107 108, 111, 183 186, 201 Small bowel obstruction (SBO), 41, 127, 198 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), 214 Standard Behavioral Treatment (SBT), 158 Staple line leak antibiotic therapy, 39 endoluminal procedures, 66 endoscopic approaches, 64 factors, 61 63 gastrectomy, 64 gastric bypass, 39 gastrocolic/gastropleural fistulas, 60, 65 hemostasis, 60
nasogastric tube, 39 OTSC system, 67 stenosis and mucosal hypertrophy, 66 superobese patients, 62 surgical management, 64 65 technical principles, 63 trendelenburg position, 59 Stenosis/stricture after RYGB, 139 after vertical sleeve gastrectomy, 142 anastomotic technique, 140 definition, 139 esophagogastroscopy, 140 gastrojejunostomy, 140 reanastomosis, 143 SEMS, 140 SG, 141, 142, 144 sleeve gastrectomy, 139 wedge resection, 143 Stent-induced erosion, 120 StomaphyX, 161 Stretta procedure, 110 Strictures, 202 Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, 151 T Targeted behaviors after weight loss surgery, 156 159 Therapeutic endoscopy, 179 Thiamine deficiency, 19 Transgastric ERCP, 133 Transoral Outlet Reduction endoscopy (TORe), 161 Trocar placement, 95 Truncal vagotomy, 52 Type 2 diabetes, 147 225 U Upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS), 80, 124 V Venous thromboembolic events (VTE), 36 Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), 147, 153 154, 207 Vitamin A, 20, 215 Vitamin B 12, 14, 15, 18 19, 38 Vitamin D, 8, 21 Vitamin E, 22 Vitamin K, 22 W Warfarin and antiplatelet therapy, 28 Wedge resection, 142, 143 Weight loss surgery (WLS), 1 Weight recidivism etiology, 150 revisional surgery, 160 SNPs, 151 weight reacquisition and secondary weight gain, 148 Weight regain after RYGB, 148 153 after VSG, 153 154 definition, 148 etiology, 150 interventions, 157 Wernicke s encephalopathy, 13 Z Zimmon, 67 Zinc, 24, 216