The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of motoric abilities on male students at the age of 17

The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of... The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of motoric abilities on male students at the age of 17 Dr. Shemsedin Vehapi * Dr. Hasim Rushiti ** Dr.sc. Hazir Salihu *** Mr.sc. Ilir Gllareva **** Abstract About 192 male students at age of 17 were involved in the research work. The model was created by means of 12 anthropometric variables and 14 variables of motoric abilities. As it was proved by statistic analyses that there is a normal relation in all tests then just the relation between these both areas was presented by using the method of correlation and regressive analysis. On the basis of this method it was possible to prove that the system of the anthropometric variables is a good predictor for the most basic motoric variables as a whole, but also by means of some separated anthropometric variables a quite exact result of some movements testes can be predicted. Herewith it was possible to prove that even it is a model of students and that can be classified as a non selected model, the result however which has been reached is evident when considering the morphological characteristics of the tested movement exercises. Key words: anthropometric characteristics, movement capacity, relations, prediction of results. * Dr. Shemsedin Vehapi, asistent, Fakulteti i Kulturës Fizike, Universiteti i Prishtinës, Universiteti AAB-Riinvest, Republika e Kosovës, shema_andi@hotmail.com ** Prof. ass. dr. Hasim Rushiti, Fakulteti i Kulturës Fizike, Universiteti i Prishtinës, Universiteti AAB-Riinvest, Republika e Kosovës, hasim_rushiti@hotmail.com *** Prof. ass. dr. Hazir Salihu, Fakulteti i Kulturës Fizike, Universiteti AAB-Riinvest, Republika e Kosovës, hazir.salihu@universitetiaab.com **** Mr.sc. Ilir Gllareva, asistent, Fakulteti i Kulturës Fizike, Universiteti i Prishtinës, Universiteti AAB-Riinvest, Republika e Kosovës, tetori13@hotmail.com

180 Shemsedin Vehapi, Hasim Rushiti, Hazir Salihu, Ilir Gllareva Introduction The relation between the different dimensions of the psychometric status of human beings and apart between the anthropometric and motor status is a matter which continuous to be one of the most interesting research cases in the field of sports. This is an important matter due to the fact that the gained information out of the analyses of these reports reflects clearly the relation and dependency between these dimensions which are important for the planning of the transforming processes in the different categories and age groups. The multi dimensional status of human beings as well as the interdisciplinary approach when researching the transformation process of human beings requires a good knowledge of all these indications which are caused by various factors. The organized physical activities which are closely included in the frame of people s general activities play also an important role during this transforming process. The different forms of these activities offer the possibility to include a large number of the population and especially the younger generation. The multidimensional complication of the status of human beings is displayed especially during the growth and developing periods where the relation reports considering the dimensions continuously vary. Because of the fact that the biggest transformation impacts the younger generations it is of high importance to do a scientific professional work based on knowledge of the human system. By means of this work we try to find out the relations between the movement and anthropometric dimensions among the students at the age of 17 and by considering the fact that this just indicates a part of the general transformation level as it is necessary to have all dimensions in order to get a complete overview. Some of the researches that treated the same topic where: K.Ivanisheviq, in the year 1982 in the research work, Comparative analysis of the structure of motoric activities among the male and female youth tested with 391 women and 338 men at the age of 17, by means of 36 movement variables. 1 1 Kosta Ivanishevič, Komparativna analiza strukture motoričkih sposobnosti muške i ženske omladine, në Kineziologija, nr.13. Zagreb,1982, f.

The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of... 181 M.Aliu (1991), wrote his dissertation about the topic: Morphological development and some motoric characteristics and differences of these characteristics chronologically ordered according to the respective age group, there were 461 tested persons subdivided in three age groups (15, 16 and 17). 2 H. Rushiti, in the year1999 wrote his thesis about the topic The structure of factorial anthropometric dimensions and their relation to some motoric capacity of the youth at the age of 13-14, 205 tested students. 3 Participants The tested persons in the model are 192 male students at the age of 17 in the Secondary School Vëllezërit Frashëri in Lipjan. All participants were in good health in the testing time. Instruments The test was made by means of 13 anthropometric variables and 14 movement variables. The anthropometric variables are obtained according too biological international program and sample of motoric variables were obtained on the basis of the motor model according to Kurlic et al. (1975) In the model of anthropometric variables are included: Length factor - (bweight) - body weight, (bheigh) body height, (stboheig) seating body height, (armle) arm length, (legle) leg length, Girths - (sholdgir) shoulder girth (waistgir) waist girth, (armgir) armgirth, (thighgir) thigh girthrth, 2 Mustaf Aliu: Zhvillimi i disa karakteristikave morfologjike dhe Motorike të popullatës shkollore dhe ndryshimet në ato karakteristika në varshmëri me moshën kronologjike, tezë e doktoratës, FKF, Sarajevë, 1990. 3 Hasim, Rushiti, Struktura faktoriale e dimensioneve antropometrike dhe relacioni i tyre me disa aftësi motorike tek të rinjtë e moshës 13-14 vjeç, punim magjistrature, FKF i UP, Prishtinë, 1999.

182 Shemsedin Vehapi, Hasim Rushiti, Hazir Salihu, Ilir Gllareva Skinfolds - (absk) abdominal skinfold, (subssk) subscapular skinfold, (necsk) neck skinfold, (tricsk) ctriceps skinfold. Whereas in the model of motoric variables we have the following variables: Eksplosive strength - (stbjump) standing broad jump, (thrstju) three steps jump, (20mdash) 20 meter dash, Strength endurance - (sup30s) sit up within 30 seconds, (pushup) push-up, (benarha) Static strength - bent arm hang, (hollyb) horizontal hold lying on the back, Speed frequency - (hantap) taping test, (legtap) leg taping test, Fleksibility - (sindrich) sit and rich test, (glent) groin length test, Coordination - (stepsaiw) steps - side wards, (a8whu) agility eight with hunkering, (polyback) polygon - backwards. In order to define the relations between tests, the regressive analysis has been used as a method which determines the possibility of predicting the result of a variable which in certain cases is a criterion of basic movement tests out of the predicted variable system as for example in our case, anthropometric variables. Herewith the following data were defined: RO (multiple correlation), DELTA (percentage of the explained common variability), Sig (statistic validity), Beta (coefficient beta),and sig B significant level of these coefficients. Hypothesis Due to the proved facts resulting from a series of similar research works, the aim of this research topic was to prove the relations as well as to define the size of impact of the anthropometric variables on the result of the movement tests. The hypothesis is based on this fact. H: It is anticipated that the anthropometric dimensions are to have an important impact on the manifestation of the majority of motoric tests.

The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of... 183 Results and discussion The results in table one Nr. 1 show that the most relations of these variables are under the level of statistic importance, in both levels of probability: 0.1 and 0.5. These data indicate high heterogeneous relations between both cases. A characteristic matter is the low relation of parameters of body height and body extremities tested by standing broad jump, thre step jump and 20m dash. A negative relation is shown by the height parameter tested by push-up, whereas a positive relation was resulted with regard to parameter of the arm girth. The test static Hanging on the pole has shown a negative relation with the parameter of the hypodermic fat content especially with the fat content in the arm- with a value of 214. Important statistic relations were shown by the parameters of body and ekstremiy height tested by flexibility- their value is about 198 to 289. Table 1. Cross correlations VARIABL ES bweig ht bheigh stbohei g armle legle sholdg ir waistgi r armgir thighgi r absk subssk necsk tricsk stbjump -.007 -.055 -.039.041 -.045.054 -.046.030.068 -.089 -.020.000 -.103 thrstju.118.162*.116.218**.170*.181*.072.140.152* -.045.005 -.012 -.107 20mdash -.043.023.004.026.092 -.023.025 -.025 -.084 -.007 -.061 -.037.035 sup30s.045 -.055 -.052 -.048 -.017.130 -.007.168*.135 -.092 -.073 -.102 -.008 pushup -.074 -.314** -.054 -.235** -.349**.168*.000.246 **.001 -.077.001.110.004 benarha -.076 -.030.103.007 -.128.107 -.115.067 -.073 -.155* -.089 -.052 -.214** hollyb -.039 -.128 -.015 -.075 -.129.112 -.079.056 -.011 -.135 -.127.057 -.099 hantap.091 -.046.006 -.073 -.019.183*.099.190**.173*.044.113.065.029 legtap -.037 -.073 -.009 -.007 -.062.090 -.001.079.047 -.028.034 -.064 -.088 sindrich -.020 -.048.016.056 -.084.074 -.097.066 -.014 -.086.016 -.056 -.120 glent.159*.202**.289**.198**.095.132 -.040.121.140 -.089 -.025 -.035 -.080 stepsaiw -.027 -.059 -.016 -.098.008.005.107 -.013 -.021.144*.122.062.183* a8whu.152*.098.171* -.016.052.069.186**.013.092.157*.123.017.203** polyback.107.149*.033.057.225** -.019.155* -.072.020.142*.071 -.033.161* * significance level 0.5 ** significance level 0.1

184 Shemsedin Vehapi, Hasim Rushiti, Hazir Salihu, Ilir Gllareva Tab.2. basis coefficients of the regressive analysis Predicted variables and criteria NR VARIABLES RO DELTA Q 1 stbjump 0.314 0.099 0.121 2 thrstju 0.388 0.15 0.005 3 20mdash 0.253 0.064 0.515 4 sup30s 0.42 0.176 0.001 5 pushup 0.545 0.297 0.00 6 benarha 0.439 0.192 0.00 7 hollyb 0.362 0.131 0.019 8 hantap 0.306 0.094 0.155 9 legtap 0.286 0.082 0.271 10 sindrich 0.372 0.138 0.008 11 glent 0.417 0.174 0.001 12 stepsaiw 0.35 0.123 0.031 13 a8whu 0.426 0.181 0.00 14 polyback 0.445 0.198 0.00 In table nr.2 all principal elements of the regressive analysis are presented such as: multiple correlations (RO), coefficient of the determination (DELTA) and valuation (Q). By means of this table we can see that the main impact on the anthropometric system is shown in 10 movement exercise such as: thrstju, sup30s, pushup, sthapol, sthorbo, sindrich, glent, stepsaiw, a8whu, and polyback Whereas with the tests stbjump, 20mrun, hantap, legtap, low values of prediction of the system of anthropometric variables are shown.

The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of... 185 Tab.3. Variable regression thrstju VARIABLE. BETA T SIG B bweight -0.141-0.966 0.335 bheigh -0.016-0.095 0.924 stboheig -0.118-1.162 0.247 armle 0.187 1.735 0.084 legle 0.125 0.896 0.372 sholdgir 0.178 1.386 0.167 waistgir -0.202-1.456 0.147 armgir 0.149 1.121 0.264 thighgir 0.308 2.325 0.021 absk -0.071-0.513 0.608 subssk 0.138 1.025 0.307 necsk -0.004-0.056 0.955 tricsk 0.297-2.716 0.007 CONSTANT 1.155 0.249 Table Nr. 3 shows a statistical relation between the system of the predictor anthropometric variables and the variable three step jump as a motoric variable, with a multiple correlation value of RO=.388, that means 15% of the common variability of the system and criterion variables. When analyzing the partial coefficients of regression (coefficient beta), which shows the partial impact on the realization of the movement exercise, we see that there is just an impact on the parameter of the thigh perimeter. This leads to the conclusion that the best results were reached by the pupils which have a shapely musculature in the lower extremity.

186 Shemsedin Vehapi, Hasim Rushiti, Hazir Salihu, Ilir Gllareva Tab.4. Regression of the variable sup30s VARIABLES BETA T SIG B bweight -0.654-0.456-0.456 bheigh -0.157-0.937 0.350 stboheig -0.177-1.767 0.079 armle -0.093-0.880 0.380 legle 0.247 1.799 0.074 sholdgir 0.192 1.516 0.131 waistgir -0.354-2.587 0.010 armgir 0.312 2.385 0.018 thighgir 0.338 2.591 0.010 absk -0.124-0.910 0.364 subssk -0.118-0.887 0.377 necsk -0.149-1.915 0.057 tricsk -0.009-0.082 0.935 CONSTANT 2.679 0.008 In table Nr. 4 we see the relations of the variable sit up within 30 with the system of the anthropometric variables. The level of impact shown in the statistic results from the value of the multiple correlation RO= 420, that means 17% of the common variability of the criterion predicted variable. When considering the analysis of the partial coefficient it is worth while mentioning the negative impact of the height, weight and hypodermic fat content parameters even if they do not have the necessary significant level.

The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of... 187 Tab.5. Regression of the variable pushup VARIABLES BETA T SIG B bweight -0.143-1.086 0.279 bheigh -0.110-0.714 0.476 stboheig 0.128 1.383 0.168 armle -0.039-0.404 0.687 legle -0.214-1.692 0.092 sholdgir 0.158 1.355 0.177 waistgir -0.125-0.995 0.321 armgir 0.532 4.418 0.000 thighgir -0.170-1.418 0.158 absk -0.185-1.478 0.141 subssk -0.096-0.788 0.432 necsk 0.082 1.150 0.252 tricsk 0.042 0.427 0.670 CONSTANT 1.063 0.280 Table Nr.5 shows an important relation between the criterion push-up and the system of predictions with a coefficient of the multiple correlation of RO=.545 which means 29% of the common variability at the level of significant.000. When analyzing the table of partial coefficients we see that the only important impact, when realizing the exercise push -up, affects just the parameter of the arm perimeter. A fact which leads to the conclusion, that just the persons with a shapely musculature in the upper extremities can reach good results.

188 Shemsedin Vehapi, Hasim Rushiti, Hazir Salihu, Ilir Gllareva Tab.6. Regression of the variable benarha VARIABLES BETA T SIG B bweight -0.154-1.085 0.279 bheigh 0.125 0.750 0.454 stboheig 0.080 0.807 0.421 armle 0.108 1.029 0.305 legle -0.268-1.964 0.051 sholdgir 0.293 2.330 0.021 waistgir -0.261-1.928 0.055 armgir 0.297 2.286 0.023 thighgir -0.104-0.802 0.423 absk -0.012-0.086 0.931 subssk 0.054 0.408 0.684 necsk 0.001 0.016 0.987 tricsk -0.249-2.340 0.020 CONSTANT -0.539 0.590 There is a high relation between the regression of the variable bent arm hang (showed in table 6), with the system of the anthropometric variables with a coefficient of multiple correlation of RO =. 439. That explains 19% of the common variability of the significant 000. When considering the partial coefficient we see that the best results where reached, when realizing the test static Hanging on the pole by the persons with a shapely musculature of the shoulder area and arms, as these parameters show positive relations. Negative results have shown the parameters of the leg length and arm skinfold. This leads to the conclusion that the persons with long legs and a high percentage of fat content in the arms have hade problems in doing the test.

The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of... 189 Tab.7. Regression of the variable ollyb VARIABLES BETA T SIG B bweight -0.014-0.098 0.922 bheigh -0.201-1.164 0.246 stboheig 0.044 0.423 0.673 armle 0.004 0.033 0.974 legle 0.007 0.046 0.963 sholdgir 0.334 2.561 0.011 waistgir -0.303-2.152 0.033 armgir 0.093 0.692 0.490 thighgir 0.096 0.713 0.477 absk 0.031 0.219 0.827 subssk -0.245-1.796 0.074 necsk 0.095 1.191 0.235 tricsk -0.060-0.544 0.587 CONSTANT 0.932 0.352 In table Nr. 7 we see an important relation between the criteria variable horizontal hold lying on the back and the system of the predictor variables with a value of multiple correlation of =.362, which shows about 13% of the common variability with regard to the predictions. Whereas a partial relation is showed when realizing the exercise horizontal standing in the perimeter of the arm that means that the persons with a shapely body musculature were the most successful in this test.

190 Shemsedin Vehapi, Hasim Rushiti, Hazir Salihu, Ilir Gllareva Tab.8. Regression of the variable sindrich VARIABLES BETA T SIG B bweight 0.078 0.533 0.595 bheigh -0.094-0.549 0.584 stboheig -0.093-0.901 0.369 armle 0.253 2.328 0.021 legle -0.127-0.902 0.368 sholdgir 0.154 1.185 0.238 waistgir -0.423-3.023 0.003 armgir 0.226 1.685 0.094 thighgir 0.034 0.254 0.800 absk -0.065-0.465 0.643 subssk 0.292 2.151 0.033 necsk -0.066-0.825 0.410 tricsk -0.262-2.380 0.018 CONSTANT 2.869 0.004 An important relation between the predictions resulted also from the movement variable sit and rich test, (tab. nr.8), with a multiple correlation of RO=.372. That shows 14% of the common variability system. The partial coefficients show an important positive relation to the parameter of the arm height. The persons with a high value of the waist girth and fat content in the back and arm showed difficulties in realizing the exercises. The next test that of flexibility MPTPUL (tab.nr. 10.11) has shown similar results there is a positive relation and the main impact is caused by the parameter of arm height. Whereas the tests of stepsaiw) steps- side wards, (a8whu) agility eight with hunkering, (polyback) polygon - backwards. Coordination, even if (tab. nr. 10.12, 13 and 14) have shown an important relation to the system of the anthropometrics with a coefficient of RO=.350, RO=.426 and RO=.445, the partial relations do not present a logical interpretation.

The impact of the anthropometric variables in the manifestation of... 191 Verification of the hypothesis Based on the achieved results we can say that: H Hypothesis was completely proved as the system of the anthropometric variables has proved itself to be a good predicting feature to realize the most of motoric exercises. Conclusion This study was created by testing male students of secondary school at the age of 17. The tested persons are students of the Secondary School Vëllezërit Frashëri in Lipjan. In the sample were used 14 motoric and 13 anthropometrical tests. The results of the regressive analysis show that the system of the anthropometric variables is a good predictor for the realization of most motoric exercises, a fact which can be proved by the important coefficient of the impact. The major impact on the motoric variables was shown when realizing the tests of static and repetitive strength. But it did not result of being effective during the tests of explosive strength and motoric frequencies. The sample of 192 young male students of secondary school was treated with 14 motoric and 13 anthropometrical variables. The regressive analysis showed that the system of 13 anthropometrical variables is a good predictor in the results of most motoric activities. Especially the good prediction can be reached in the variables that measure repetitive and static strength. So the hypothesis is completely proved. Literature Aliu, Mustaf: Zhvillimi i disa karakteristikave morfologjike dhe Motorike të popullatës shkollore dhe ndryshimet në ato karakteristika në varshmëri me moshën kronologjike, tezë e doktoratës, FKF, Sarajevë, 1999. Rushiti, Hasim.: Struktura faktoriale e dimensioneve antropometrike dhe relacioni i tyre me disa aftësi motorike tek të rinjtë e moshës 13-14 vjeç, punim magjistrature (dorëshkrim), FKF i UP, Prishtinë, 1999.

192 Shemsedin Vehapi, Hasim Rushiti, Hazir Salihu, Ilir Gllareva Rakovica, Hysen.: Relacionet në mes të rezultatit kërcim së larti dhedimensioneve morfologjike dhe motorike, tezë e doktoratës, FKF i UP, Prishtinë, 1997. Ivanishevič, Kosta: Komparativna analiza strukture motoričkih sposobnosti muške i ženske omladine, në Kineziologija, nr.13. Zagreb, 1982. Šoše, Hamid: Vodić za pisanje stručnih i naučnih radova u kineziologiji. Sarajevo, 1998.