Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adjuvant therapy, for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer, 740 742 in older early-stage breast cancer patients, 790 795 anti-her2-directed therapy, 793 794 chemotherapy, 792 793 endocrine therapy, 791 792 radiation therapy in invasive, 794 795 selection of systemic, 790 791 individualized, for luminal breast cancer, 703 714 for luminal A disease, 705 708 for luminal B disease, 708 710 Ado-trastuzumab emtansine, for ERBB2-positive breast cancer, 754 756 Age, of women with DCIS, impact on management, 679 681 treatment challenges in older breast cancer patients, 785 804 Amenorrhea, chemotherapy-related, in breast cancer survivors, 806 812 osteoporosis due to, 811 812 sexual dysfunction due to, 807 810 vasomotor symptoms due to, 806 807 Anastrozole, breast cancer prevention by, 664 665 Androgen receptor signaling, inhibition of, for treating advanced triple-negative breast cancer, 745 Antiandrogens, overcoming endocrine resistance with, 726 727 Antiangiogenic strategies, for advanced triple-negative breast cancer, 743 744 Antibody-drug conjugates, for ERBB2-positive breast cancer, 754 756 Aromatase inhibitors, breast cancer prevention by, 664 665 anastrozole, 664 665 exemestane, 665 for advanced/metastatic breast cancer, era of adjuvant, 718 722 exemestane after nonsteroidal, 719 720 fulvestrant, 720 722 tamoxifen after, 719 first-line, compared with tamoxifen therapy, 717 718 second-line, after tamoxifen therapy, 717 tamoxifen therapy without prior adjuvant, 716 717 tamoxifen for advanced/metastatic breast cancer without prior adjuvant, 716 717 Arzoxifene, breast cancer prevention by, 664 Aspirin, breast cancer prevention by, 667 668 Axilla, management in breast cancer patients, 687 702 occult metastases, 694 695 sentinel lymph node biopsy in, 688 695 completion axillary lymph node dissection after positive, 695 697 contraindications to, 694 Hematol Oncol Clin N Am 27 (2013) 861 869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8588(13)00092-0 hemonc.theclinics.com 0889-8588/13/$ see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
862 Axilla (continued) history of, 688 689 indications for, 690 694 technical aspects of, 689 690 Axillary lymph node dissection, completion, after positive SLNB in breast cancer patients, 695 697 B B-cell receptor inhibitor, ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 851 860 Biomarker studies, identifying breast cancer patients with better chance of neoadjuvant treatment benefit, 771 775 Biopsy, sentinel lymph node. See Sentinel lymph node biopsy. Bone metastases, in older breast cancer patients, 798 BRCA mutation, association of triple-negative breast cancer with, 739 Breast cancer, 657 850 axilla, management of, 687 702 occult metastases, 694 695 sentinel lymph node biopsy in, 688 695 completion axillary lymph node dissection after positive, 695 697 contraindications to, 694 history of, 688 689 indications for, 690 694 technical aspects of, 689 690 cost and value of treatment, 829 841 assessing value of medical treatments, 833 835 controlling costs of care, 832 833 how much is spent, 830 831 making cost decisions, 835 837 endocrine therapy for advanced/metastatic, 715 736 aromatase inhibitors, 717 722 for premenopausal patients with metastatic, 728 729 other options, 722 723 overcoming resistance to, 723 728 tamoxifen and others without prior adjuvant aromatase inhibitors, 716 717 evaluating use of neoadjuvant therapy for, assessment of residual disease for prognosis, 775 778 diagnosis of pathologic complete response and prognosis by subtypes, 768 770 in patients with pathologic complete response of locally advanced tumors, 781 782 interim response-guided treatment in lower risk subtypes, 778 781 no invasive residuals in breast and nodes, 770 771 translational biomarker studies, 771 775 in evaluating use of neoadjuvant therapy for, 767 784 in older patients, treatment challenges in, 785 804 clinical trials, 798 799 DCIS, 789 790 defining goals of treatment, 786 787 early-stage, 790 795 estimating survival and geriatric assessment, 787 789 metastatic, 795 798 palliative care and hospice, 798
863 predicting chemotherapy toxicity, 789 luminal, tailoring adjuvant treatments for, 703 714 for luminal A disease, 705 708 for luminal B disease, 708 710 pathway-based care, development and delivery of, 843 850 differences from guidelines, 844 factors leading to development of, 844 overview, 843 844 results of use of, 849 treatment patterns resulting from, 849 850 Via Pathways at UPMC Cancer Center, 844 848 prevention by antihormones and other drugs, 657 672 aromatase inhibitors, 664 665 other drugs, 665 668 selective estrogen receptor modulators, 658 664 radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ, 673 686 in asymptomatic patients, 674 682 in patients with symptoms, 682 technique, 684 with tamoxifen, 682 684 survivorship issues, 805 827 bothersome symptoms, 806 817 organizing follow-up care, 818 619 surveillance of survivors, 805 806 treatment-related cancers, 818 treating the HER2 pathway in early and advanced, 751 765 current disease management summary, 759 760 future directions, 761 with antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine, 754 756 with combined ERBB2-targeting agents and endocrine therapy, 756 757 with lapatinib plus trastuzumab, 757 799 with pertuzumab, 752 754 triple-negative, management of early-stage and metastatic, 737 749 future directions, 745 overview, 737 738 therapeutic options for advanced, 742 745 therapeutic options for early stage, 739 742 unique biology of, 738 739 Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 851 860 C Cancers, treatment-related, in breast cancer survivors, 818 Cardiac toxicity, in breast cancer survivors, 816 817 Chemoprevention, of breast cancer, 657 672 aromatase inhibitors, 664 665 anastrozole, 664 665 exemestane, 665 other drugs, 665 668
864 Chemoprevention (continued) aspirin, 667 668 metformin, 665 667 selective estrogen receptor modulators, 658 664 lasofoxifene, 663 664 raloxifene, 662 663 tamoxifen, 658 662 Chemotherapy, amenorrhea related to in breast cancer survivors, 806 812 osteoporosis due to, 811 812 sexual dysfunction due to, 807 810 vasomotor symptoms due to, 806 807 in older breast cancer patients, 792 793, 797 798 adjuvant, in early-stage disease, 792 793 in metastatic disease, 797 798 of triple-negative breast cancer, 740 745 advanced, 742 745 early stage, 740 742 predicting toxicity of in older breast cancer patients, 789 vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer survivors due to amenorrhea from, 806 807 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), ibrutinib (PCI-32765) in, 851 860 clinical studies, 854 857 preclinical studies, 852 854 Clinical trials, older breast cancer patients and, 798 799 CLL. See Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cognitive changes, in breast cancer survivors, 814 815 Costs, and value of breast cancer treatment, 829 841 assessing value of medical treatments, 833 835 controlling costs of care, 832 833 how much is spent, 830 831 making cost decisions, 835 837 D DCIS. See Ductal carcinoma in situ. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), in older breast cancer patients, 789 790 radiation therapy for, 673 686 in asymptomatic patients, age, 679 681 grade, size, and other disease factors, 674 676 margin issues, 676 679 markers for predicting recurrence, 681 682 in patients with symptoms, 682 technique, 684 with tamoxifen, 682 684 SNLB in patients with, 691 692 E Elderly. See Geriatrics. Endocrine therapy, combined with ERBB2-targeting agents, 756 757 for advanced/metastatic breast cancer, 715 736
865 aromatase inhibitors, 717 722 exemestane after nonsteroidal, 719 720 first line compared with tamoxifen, 717 718 fulvestrant, 720 722 second-line after tamoxifen, 717 for premenopausal patients with metastatic, 728 729 other options, 722 723 progestins and estrogens, 722 723 overcoming resistance to, 723 728 antiandrogens, 726 727 combination therapy with anti-her2 agents in HER2-positive cases, 727 728 combination wioth mtor inhibitors, 723 726 combinations with histone deacetylase inhibitors, 726 tamoxifen and others without prior adjuvant aromatase inhibitors, 716 717 high-dose estrogens, progestins, oophorectomy, and other SERMs, 716 717 in older breast cancer patients, 791 792, 797 in early-stage disease, 791 792 in metastatic disease, 797 in patients with luminal breast cancer, 704 705 novel strategies to overcome resistance to, 709 710 Epithelial growth factor receptor, inhibition of, for treating advanced triple-negative breast cancer, 744 ERBB2 targeted therapy, in early and advanced breast cancer, 751 765 combined with endocrine therapy, 756 757 current disease management summary, 759 760 future directions, 761 with antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine, 754 756 with lapatinib plus trastuzumab, 757 799 with pertuzumab, 752 754 Estrogen receptor (ER) modulators, selective. See Selective estrogen receptor modulators. Estrogens, for advanced/metastatic breast cancer, 722 723 Exemestane, breast cancer prevention by, 665 for advanced/metastatic breast cancer, 719 720 F Fatigue, in breast cancer survivors, 815 Fulvestrant, for advanced/metastatic breast cancer, 720 722 G Gene assays, in patients with endocrine-resistance luminal breast cancer, 709 710 Geriatrics, treatment challenges in older breast cancer patients, 785 804 clinical trials, 798 799 DCIS, 789 790 defining goals of treatment, 786 787 early-stage, 790 795 estimating survival and geriatric assessment, 787 789 metastatic, 795 798 palliative care and hospice, 798 predicting chemotherapy toxicity, 789
866 H HER2 pathway, targeting of, in early and advanced breast cancer, 751 765 current disease management summary, 759 760 future directions, 761 in older patients, 793 794, 798 adjuvant, in early-stage disease, 793 794 in metastatic disease, 798 with antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine, 754 756 with combined ERBB2-targeting agents and endocrine therapy, 756 757 with lapatinib plus trastuzumab, 757 799 with pertuzumab, 752 754 Histone deacetylase inhibitors, endocrine therapy in combination with, 726 Hormonal therapy, symptoms related to, in breast cancer survivors, 806 813 infertility and delayed childbearing due to, 810 811 musculoskeletal complaints related to, 812 813 osteoporosis due to, 811 812 sexual dysfunction, 807 810 vasomotor symptoms, 806 807 Hospice, for older breast cancer patients, 798 I Ibrutinib (PCI-32765), in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 851 860 clinical studies, 854 857 preclinical studies, 852 854 Infertility, treatment-related, in breast cancer survivors, 810 811 Inflammatory breast cancer, contradiction for SLNB in, 696 L Lapatinib, plus trastuzumab for dual targeting of ERBB2 receptor, 757 758 Lasofoxifene, breast cancer prevention by, 663 664 Leukemia, chronic lymphocytic (CLL), ibrutinib (PCI-32765) in, 851 860 clinical studies, 854 857 preclinical studies, 852 854 Luminal breast cancer, tailoring adjuvant treatments for, 703 714 for luminal A disease, 705 708 for luminal B disease, 708 710 Lymph node biopsy, sentinel. See Sentinel lymph node biopsy. Lymph node dissection, axillary. See Axillary lymph node dissection. Lymphocytic leukemia, chronic (CLL), ibrutinib (PCI-32765) in, 851 860 clinical studies, 854 857 preclinical studies, 852 854 M Margins, in DCIS, impact on management, 676 679 Markers, for recurrence in DCIS, impact on management, 676 679 Mastectomy, SLNB in patients undergoing prophylactic, 690 691 Metastatic breast cancer, endocrine therapy for, 715 736 in older patients, 795 798
867 anti-her2 therapy in, 798 bone metastases, 798 chemotherapy in, 797 798 endocrine therapy in, 797 goals of treatment, 795 797 radiation therapy in, 797 occult, role of SLNB in, 694 695 Metformin, breast cancer prevention by, 665 667 mtor inhibitors, endocrine therapy in combination with, 723 726 Musculoskeletal complaints, treatment-related, in breast cancer survivors, 812 813 N Neoadjuvant therapy, for breast cancer, evaluating potential use of, 767 784 assessment of residual disease for prognosis, 775 778 diagnosis of pathologic complete response and prognosis by subtypes, 768 770 in patients with pathologic complete response of locally advanced tumors, 781 782 interim response-guided treatment in lower risk subtypes, 778 781 no invasive residuals in breast and nodes, 770 771 translational biomarker studies, 771 775 for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer, 740 742 SLNB in patients undergoing, 692 694 Neuropathy, in breast cancer survivors, 815 816 O Occult metastases, in breast cancer, role of SLNB in, 694 695 Older patients. See Geriatrics. Osteoporosis, treatment-related, in breast cancer survivors, 811 812 P Palliative care, for older breast cancer patients, 798 Pathologic complete response, in evaluating for potential use of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, 767 784 Pathway-based care, development and delivery of, 843 850 differences from guidelines, 844 factors leading to development of, 844 overview, 843 844 results of use of, 849 treatment patterns resulting from, 849 850 Via Pathways at UPMC Cancer Center, 844 848 PCI-32765. See Ibrutinib. Pertuzumab, for ERBB2-positive breast cancer, 752 754 Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, inhibition of, for treating advanced triple-negative breast cancer, 744 Pregnancy-associated breast cancer, contradiction for SLNB in, 696 Premenopausal patients, with metastatic breast cancer, endocrine therapy for, 728 729 Prevention, of breast cancer, 657 672 aromatase inhibitors, 664 665 anastrozole, 664 665 exemestane, 665
868 Prevention (continued ) other drugs, 665 668 aspirin, 667 668 metformin, 665 667 selective estrogen receptor modulators, 658 664 lasofoxifene, 663 664 raloxifene, 662 663 tamoxifen, 658 662 Progestins, for advanced/metastatic breast cancer, 722 723 Prophylactic mastectomy, SLNB in patients undergoing, 690 691 R Radiation therapy, for ductal carcinoma in situ, 673 686 in asymptomatic patients, 674 682 age, 679 681 grade, size, and other disease factors, 674 676 margin issues, 676 679 markers for predicting recurrence, 681 682 in patients with symptoms, 682 technique, 684 with tamoxifen, 682 684 for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer, 739 740 in older breast cancer patients, 794 795, 797 adjuvant, in early stage disease, 794 795 in metastatic disease, 797 Raloxifene, breast cancer prevention by, 662 663 S Selective estrogen receptor modulators, breast cancer prevention by, 658 664 lasofoxifene, 663 664 raloxifene, 662 663 tamoxifen, 658 662 Sentinel lymph node biopsy, in breast cancer patients, 688 695 completion axillary lymph node dissection after positive, 695 697 contraindications to, 694 inflammatory breast cancer, 694 pregnancy-associated breast cancer, 694 history of, 688 689 indications for, 690 694 clinically palpable axillary lymph nodes, 692 DCIS, 691 692 multicentric lesions, 692 neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 692 694 previous breast or axillary surgery, 691 prophylactic mastectomy, 690 691 technical aspects of, 689 690 Sexual dysfunction, treatment-related, in breast cancer survivors, 807 810
869 SLNB. See Sentinel lymph node biopsy. Surveillance, of survivors of breast cancer, 805 806 Survival, estimation of, in older breast cancer patients, 787 789 Survivorship issues, in breast cancer, 805 827 bothersome symptoms, 806 817 organizing follow-up care, 818 619 surveillance of survivors, 805 806 treatment-related cancers, 818 T Tamoxifen, breast cancer prevention by, 658 662 for advanced/metastatic breast cancer without prior adjuvant aromatase inhibitors, 716 717 Targeted therapy, for advanced triple-negative breast cancer, 743 745 in ERBB2-positive early and advanced breast cancer, 751 765 combined with endocrine therapy, 756 757 current disease management summary, 759 760 future directions, 761 with antibody-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine, 754 756 with lapatinib plus trastuzumab, 757 799 with pertuzumab, 752 754 Trastuzumab, in antibody-drug conjugate for ERBB2-positive breast cancer, 754 756 plus lapatinib for dual targeting of ERBB2 receptor, 757 758 Triple-negative breast cancer, management of early-stage and metastatic, 737 749 future directions, 745 overview, 737 738 therapeutic options for advanced, 742 745 principles of systemic therapy, 742 743 targeted agents, 743 745 therapeutic options for early stage, 739 742 local therapy/radiation therapy, 739 740 systemic therapy/neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, 740 742 unique biology of, association with BRCA mutations, 739 U University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), development and use of Via Pathways at, 843 850 V Value, and costs of breast cancer treatment, 829 841 assessing value of medical treatments, 833 835 controlling costs of care, 832 833 how much is spent, 830 831 making cost decisions, 835 837 Vasomotor symptoms, in breast cancer survivors, 806 807 Via Pathways, development and use of at UPMC Cancer Center, 843 850 W Weight gain, in breast cancer survivors, 814