Advances in Surgery 46 (2012) 297 301 ADVANCES IN SURGERY A Abdominal aortic aneurysms, medical screening for, 102 multivariate risk score, 106 repair of, readmission rates following, 166 167 ruptured, 101 102 screening for, 101 109 new directions in, 105 107 screening recommendations in, 105 screening techniques for, 102 104 screening trials in, 104 105 Abdominal surgery, readmission rates for, 155 170 Adenoma, parathyroid. See Hyperparathyroidism, primary. American College of Surgeons Oncology Group trials, 7 8, 11, 12, 13 Aneurysms, abdominal aortic. See Abdominal aortic aneurysms. Axial imaging, in primary hyperparathyroidism, 177 Axilla, clinically negative, surgical approaches for, 4 clinically positive, surgical approaches for, 3 management of, in breast cancer, 3 Axillary node dissection, for breast cancer, evolution of, 1 3 who should have or not have, 1 18 versus sentinel lymph node biopsy, 11 14 B Bariatric operations, readmission rates following, 160 162 Breast, regional lymph nodes of, 2 Breast cancer, axillary surgery for, evolution of, 1 3 lymph node biopsy in. See Lymph node biopsy. management of axilla in, 3 who should have or not have axillary node dissection with, 1 18 C Cancer, hereditary, identification of, 140 predisposition syndromes, 138 Cancer clinical trials, and importance to all stakeholders, 269 270 are they valid and useful for general surgeon and surgical oncologist?, 269 281 enhancing applicability of, to real-world settings, 275 278 participation in, 273 274 valid and useful, considerations for, for general surgeon, 278 279 versus real-world, in United States, 274 why are they unique to persons with cancer?, 270 271 wide-scale dissemination and adoption of, 271 273 Cancer patient, genetic counselors as surgical ally in optimal care of, 137 153 Candida, peristomal, 30 Capillary leak syndrome, trauma-induced, 237 253 abdominal compartment syndrome in, 242 243 catabolism in, 241 242 description of, 237 diagnosis of, 238 239 direct tissue injury in, 242 epidemiology of, 238 etiology of, 239 242 fluid administration in, 240 241 goal-directed resuscitation in, 246 hemostatic resuscitation and, 245 246 inflammation in, 240 lung injury in, 243 244 neurologic injury in, 244 organ-specific effects of, 242 244 pathophysiology of, 239 242 postcapillary hypertension in, 242 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. 0065-3411/12/$ see front matter doi:10.1016/s0065-3411(12)00029-2 ª 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
298 Capillary (continued) prevention of, 245 246 treatment of, 244 245 Cardiac surgery, glycemic control during, guidelines for, 229 230 Cerebral edema, following traumatic brain injury, 76 77 Cerebrovascular injury, blunt, diagnosis of, 205 207, 208 emergency room computed tomography to evaluate, 205 217 grading scale, 208 incidence of, 206 screening criteria for, 208 210 screening for, diagnostic modalities for, 210 215 stroke following, 206, 207 208 Cholecystectomy, readmission rates following, 162 163 Clostridium difficile infection, antibiotic management of, 118 119, 125 126 biotherapeutic strategies in, 126 127 clinical manifestations of, 114 116 diagnosis of, advances in, 123 124 epidemiology of, 113 immunization strategies against, 124 125 management strategies in, established, 117 122 medical management of, advances in, 122 127 novel management strategies in treatment of, 111 135 pathophysiology of, 112 recurrent, 121 122 risk factors for development of, 114 severe complicated, surgery for, 119 121 surgical management of, advances in, 127 130 treatment of, severity and prognostic scoring criteria for, 116 117 Colon, surgery of, readmission rates following, 164 166 Colostomy, complications of, 43 45 end, creation of, 37 39 indications for, construction of, and management of, 36 37 laparoscopic loop, 42 loop, creation of, 39 41 loop-end, 41 physiology of, 37 Turnbull blowhole, 42 43, 44, 45 Computed tomography, in emergency room, to evaluate blunt cerebrovascular injury, 205 217 Computed tomography angiography, in blunt cerebrovascular injury, 209 210 Contact dermatitis, around wound, 29, 30 Coronary artery bypass surgery, diabetes mellitus and, 219 220 glycemic control in, outcomes and, 223 insulin infusions in, effects of, 225 228 D Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery bypass graft surgery and, 219 220 Digital subtraction angiography, in blunt cerebrovascular injury, 209 210 Ductal carcinoma in situ, sentinel lymph node biopsy in, 7 E Enterostomal therapy, 22 Esophagus, surgery of, readmission rates following, 158 159 F Folliculitis, peristomal, 29 G Gastrectomy, readmission rates following, 158 159 Gastric band, adjustable laparoscopic, Gastric bypass, and adjustable gastric band, in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, for morbid obesity, 255 268 Gastrinomas, 286 287, 290, 291, 292, 293 Genetic counseling, consultation, 142 144 elements of, 139 postsurgical, in cancer, 147 149 presurgical, 139 146 referral for, 142 Genetic counselors, definition of, 138 139 resources to find, 150 surgical ally in optimal care of cancer patient, 137 153 Glucagonomas, 287, 290, 291 Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions, insulin in, 224 225 Glycemic control, during cardiac surgery, guidelines for, 229 230 during coronary artery bypass, importance of, 219 235 in coronary artery bypass surgery, outcomes and, 223
299 in nondiabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, 228 229 perioperative, optimal goal for, 230 231 H Hernia, abdominal wall, repair of, readmission rates following, 157 158 Hyperglycemia, detrimental effects of, in perioperative period, 222 223 on cardiovascular system, and reversal with insulin, 220 222 Hyperparathyrodism, primary, 171 172 bilateral cervical exploration in, 172, 173 minimally invasive surgery for, 174 anesthesia for, 178, 179 complications of, 180 181 outcomes of, 179 184 patient satisfaction with, 183 184 preoperative imaging in, 175 177 procedure in, 177 179 preoperative localization of causative lesion in, 173, 175 177 Hypertonic resuscitation, after severe injury, 73 85 Hypertonic saline-dextran, clinical trials of, 77 81 Hypertonic solutions, immunologic effects of, 75 mechanism of action of, 74 77 microcirculatory effects of, 74 physiologic mechanism of, 74 I Ileostomy, complications of, management of, 27 28 creation of, indications for, 20 21 diverting loop, creation of, 128 end, 20, 22 25 mucosal implants surrounding, 28 high-output, 32 33 ischemia, 32 laparoscopic, 26 27 loop, 25, 26 loop-end, 24 physiology of, 21 22 single-port, 27 small bowel obstruction after creation of, 34 35 surgery for, quality of life after, 35 36 Infections, zero surgical site. See Zero surgical site infections. Insulin infusions, in coronary artery bypass surgery, effects of, 225 228 Insulinomas, 286, 289 290, 291, 292 International Breast Cancer Study Group trial 23-01, 12, 13 Intestinal stomas, 19 49 J Jejunostomy, loop, 35 L Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, Laparoscopic procedures, appraisal of evidence on, 63 current evidence and implications of, 69 70 does simulation training improve outcomes in?, 61 71 learning and skill acquisition in, 62 63 training in, simulation versus simulation studies in, 69 transferability studies and, 63 69 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, 256, 257 adjustable gastric band and gastric bypass for morbid obesity, 255 268 comparative effectiveness of, 263 264 optimizing outcomes of, 265 Liver, retransplantation of, causes of death following, 93 94 five-year survival following, 95 96 incidence of, 89 indications for, 89 92 long-term survival after, 87 models of, 94 97 patients waiting for, 88 prognosis following, 94 survival after, 88, 89 technical difficulties of, 92 93 timing of, 93 what is prognosis after?, 87 100 transplantation of, during calendar year, 90 prognosis following, 94 Liver failure, causes of, 91 92 Liver graft, failure of, causes of, 89 91 Loop jejunostomy, 35 Lymph node biopsy, sentinel, in breast cancer, 4 8
300 Lymph (continued) in male, 7 8 indications for, contraindications to, and limitations of, 5 8 safety and outcomes of, 5 in ductal carcinoma in situ, 7 in pregnancy, 7 versus axillary lymph node dissection, 11 14 Lymph nodes, sentinel, positive, 8 axillarylymph node dissection in, 8 11 Lynch syndrome, postsurgical evaluation for, 147 148 presurgical evaluation for, 144 146 M Mastectomy, modified radial, 2 radial, 1 Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, readmission and, 167 168 MEM-1, 285 N National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-04, 3, 11 Neuroendocrine tumors, pancreatic. See Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Neurofibromatosis type I, 285 Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear, hypertonicity and, 75 O Obesity, as surgical disease, 255 256 morbid, contemporary surgical options in, 256 257 morbidity associated with, 260 263 mortality associated with, 259 260 gastric bypass and adjustable gastric band in, in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, 255 268 Ostomy, 19, 20 P Pancreas, surgery of, readmission rates following, 163 164 Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, classification of, 283 284 current management of, 283 296 functional, 285 286 imaging in, 288 290 metatastic disease and, 293 nonfunctional, 288, 290, 292, 293 presentation and diagnosis of, 284 288 surveillance and prognosis in, 294 syndromic, 284 285 treatment of, 290 294 updates of, 294 295 Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, current treatment of, 191 203 diagnosis of, 192 194 incidence of, 191 lymph node metastasis in, 197 postoperative monitoring in, 200 201 prognosis and prognostic factors in, 195 197 surgery in, 198 200 therapeutic strategy for, flow chart of, 199 Parathyroidectomy, focused, costeffectiveness of, 182 183 historical perspective and rationale for, 172 174 location of lesion for, 173 minimmally invasive, superiority of, 171 189 Peristomal skin problems, 28 32 Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, hypertonicity and, 75 Polyposis, attenuated, presurgical evaluation of, 146 colorectal, postsurgical evaluation of, 148 149 Pouch appliance, leaking, in stoma, 29, 31 Q Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analysis flow chart, 157 R Radioactive iodine ablation, in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, 200 Readmission, after hospitalization, financial burden of, 156, 168 Medicare Payment Advisory Commission and, 167 168 methods of studies of, 156 157 Rectum, low, surgery of, readmission rates following, 164 166 Resuscitation, hypertonic, after severe injury, 73 85 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic, 257, 258
301 S Scintigraphy, in primary hyperparathyroidism, 175 176 Simulation training, does it improve outcomes in laparoscopic procedures?, 61 71 Small bowel obstruction, after ileostomy creation, 34 35 Somatostatinomas, 288, 292 Stomach, surgery of, readmission rates following, 158 159 Stoma(s), intestinal, 19 49 prolapse of, 33 34 herniation in, 33 34 retraction of, 33 Stroke, following blunt cerebrovascular injury, 206, 207 208 Surgical Care Improvement Project, 52, 53 54, 58 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 237 238 T Thyroid microcarcinoma, papillary. See Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Tuberous sclerosis complex, 285 U Ulceration, peristomal, 29, 31 Ultrasound, abdominal B-mode, in abdominal aortic aneurysms, 103 104 in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, 192 193 in primary hyperparathyroidism, 176 177 V VIPomas, 287, 290, 291, 293 von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, 285 von Recklinghausen disease, 285 W Wounds, operative, classification of, 52 Z Zero surgical site infections, 51 60 background of, 51 52 classification of, 52 53 definition of, 52 reduction of, lessons in, 56 59 SSI bundle for, 54 56