ACS BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN TRAINING
OBJECTIVE Define Blood borne pathogens Instruct how to recognize exposure to BBP Prevent or reduce risk of BBP exposure Identify high risk groups Review ACS exposure protocol
Primary Blood borne Pathogens Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Hepatitis C Virus (HBC) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Other possible pathogens of concern include: West Nile virus Syphilis Tuberculosis Influenza
HEPATITIS B The hepatitis B virus (HBV) attacks the cells of the liver, causing inflammation and serious interference with the liver s vital functions. Approximately 15 to 25 percent of people infected with HBV will die because of it. Only 50 60% of those with HBV have symptoms. Symptoms of HBV infection include: Loss of appetite Fatigue Fever Nausea, vomiting Abdominal pain or joint pain Jaundice
HEPATITIS C The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is another, more virulent cause of liver disease. About 10,000 people infected with HCV die each year. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C, but treatment is available to get rid of the virus. Symptoms include: Flu like symptoms Nausea Abdominal pain Jaundice
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause disease. HIV can develop into Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) a chronic, potentially life threatening condition. There is no known cure for HIV, however, medication treatments have dramatically increased the life expectancy of those with HIV/AIDS.
SYMPTOMS OF HIV Symptoms of HIV include: Enlarged lymph nodes Lack of energy Weight loss Frequent fevers Persistent or frequent yeast infections Persistent or frequent skin rashes Short term memory loss Those infected with the HIV virus are contagious even if they are not experiencing symptoms. It may take several years for symptoms to develop.
BODY FLUIDS POSSIBLE RISK NO RISK (WITHOUT BLOOD PRESENT) Blood Semen (during sexual contact only) Vaginal secretions (during sexual contact only) Cerebral spinal fluid Breast milk (HIV) Sweat Saliva Urine Feces
IF IT S WET AND NOT YOURS DON T TOUCH IT!
HOW INFECTION OCCURS 1. A pathogen must be present. 2. There must be an adequate amount of pathogen present to cause infection and overwhelm a person s immune response. 3. There must be a suitable entry site for pathogen to cause exposure such as a break in the skin or mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth. 4. The exposed person must be susceptible to the pathogen by having a weakened immune system.
Sexual contact Sharing hypodermic needles Puncture wound by a contaminated person or object (broken glass, needle, bite, cuts from fighting) Splash of blood into mucous membranes of the eyes, nose or mouth Direct contact with contaminated person or object Exposure can also occur with indirect contact of a contaminated object such as a door handle
EXPOSURE AT SCHOOL Can occur in several ways: Student to Student Staff to Staff Student to Staff Staff to Student Examples: classmate collision in PE fights diabetic needle sticks biting school sports touching contaminated objects
STAFF MOST AT RISK Custodial Staff Physical Education teachers Coaches Exceptional Children teachers First Responders
HOW TO PREVENT EXPOSURE Hepatitis vaccine is offered to all employees. Standard Precautions: treat everyone as if they are infected. Use a physical barrier between you and the injured when providing first aid/care. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment): equipment or clothing to protect you from being exposed to a BBP such as gloves, face shields, and resuscitation shields. They must be provided by your employer.
ACS BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN EXPOSURE PROTOCOL WASH or FLUSH exposed area with water immediately. Provide first aid using PPE. Document exposure in First Aid log. Contact School Nurse AND Administrator to begin BBP exposure protocol with Central Office. When possible, this should be done the same day of exposure.
ACS BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN EXPOSURE PROTOCOL Failure to follow protocol could delay proper medical treatment and increase risk of disease. Your School Nurse or Administrator will contact Deborah Ritter or Carla Freemyer at Central Office to begin BBP Exposure Protocol. DO NOT DELAY REPORTING ANY EXPOSURE!