UCP BloodBorne Pathogens Recertification 1
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration: a. In 1991 OSHA established Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030. b. Set code of conduct / limit and reduce exposure. c. Protects employees from exposure to BBP or Other Potential Infectious Materials (OPIM). d. Must be re-certified once a year. 2
Understanding BBP Hazards BBP are microorganisms (viruses and bacteria) that are present in blood and body fluids and can cause diseases in humans. The three most common BBP are: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) 3
Understanding BBP Hazards Other commonly recognized serious diseases: West Nile Virus Syphilis Tuberculosis Influenza 4
How Infection Occurs In order for pathogens to cause disease or infection the conditions are: Pathogen must be present. There must be adequate quantity to overwhelm the immune response. Suitable entry site into the body (skin cut, mucous membranes-mouth, nose, eyes. Susceptibility to the pathogen weak immune system, preexisting conditions. 5
Understanding BBP Hazards Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Causes AIDS. No vaccine for HIV/AIDS. Attacks white blood cells (T) destroying them. Destroys body s ability to fight infection. Susceptible to opportunistic diseases such as certain forms of pneumonia, cancer and others. Less contagious with a transmission of 1 in 300. 6
Understanding BBP Hazards HIV Symptoms: It could take many years before symptoms. Enlarge lymph nodes (swollen glands). Lack of energy, weight loss and frequent fever. Persistent/frequent yeast infection of the mouth or vaginal. Persistent/frequent skin rashes. Short-term memory loss. 7
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV): Understanding BBP Hazards 45 to 180 days for Incubation (120 days avg.) It develops gradually. It s discovered after fully developed. Only 50% to 60% infected show symptoms. The most common and contagious virus 1 in 3. It is an inflammation of the liver. 8
Understanding BBP Hazards Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) continued: No specific treatment It can lead to liver failure, cirrhosis (scarring) or cancer of the liver. 90% of healthy adults recover on their own and develop antibody. It does not die as it comes in contact with air. Infectious on surface w/blood for up to 7 days. 9
Understanding BBP Hazards Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) possible symptoms: Loss of appetite Fatigue and fever Nausea, vomiting Abdominal pain Jaundice (yellow skin) Joint pain 10
Understanding BBP Hazards Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Incubation similar to HBV, w/45-75 days avg. Chronic patients rarely shows signs of infections and they may not be recognized. Possible symptoms similar to HBV. No vaccine available but treatment is available to get rid of the virus. 1 in 50 chance of getting infected. 11
How BBPs are Spread Through exchange of blood and other body fluids Semen Vaginal secretions Fluid in brain and spinal cord Fluid in joints Fluid in lungs Fluid surrounding the heart Abdominal fluid Saliva in dental procedures Amniotic fluid Body fluids visibly contaminated w/ blood Any tissue or organ disconnected from body 12
How BBPs are Spread Body fluids not infectious unless with visible blood Urine Saliva Tears Feces Vomit Mucus The two most common ways to be infected: Sexual transmission Illegal IV (Intravenous) drug use 13
How BBPs are Spread Other ways to be infected: Needle stick, sharp object cut and non-intact skin exposure (abrasion, cut, pimple). Splash or splatter into mucus membrane eyes mouth and nose. An infected mother to baby. Through materials contaminated with blood. There is a greater risk of infection from HBV. 14
How BBPs are not Spread BBP are NOT spread by: Casual contact by touching, hugging, drinking water, sharing cups or glasses, coughing, sneezing, wiping nose, changing diapers. Sharing equipment or facilities. Not harbored in swimming pools, hot tubs or toilet seats. 15
Job classification or task: BBP Hazards in the Workplace First Aid/CPR responders (clean up spills of blood or body fluids and/or rescued breath. Physical aggression acts. Self help skills assistance. Contact with medical waste (sharp objects). Maintenance and janitor workers. 16
HBV Vaccination Vaccine is produce in yeast and is very safe. Approx. 95% healthy adults develop protective antibodies with the vaccine. Vaccine proven to be approx. 96% effective and protect you for at least 25 years, possibly a life time. Protective equipment (single-use latex gloves) is not enough. UCP offers the vaccine free of charge as long as you remain employed with UCP. 17
HBV Vaccination Three arm inoculations over 6 month: 1 st inoculation ASAP 2 nd inoculation after one month 3 rd inoculation at 6 month If you decline we require a signed form. You can request the vaccine, free of charge, if in the future you change your mind. The vaccine is effective 24 hours after exposure. 18
Control the Hazard When in contact with human blood or body fluids, CPR/FA you must: Understand hazard of BBP. Follow control procedures. Protect yourself from exposure: 1. Universal precautions 2. Personal protective equipment (PPE) 3. Engineering control 4. Work practice control 19
Universal Precautions Assuming that all blood and body fluids are infected with BBP. Avoiding any unnecessary contact or inappropriate actions that could cause infection. 20
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Gloves (new pair every time you clean up body fluids). Eye protection. Masks. Gowns or other protective clothing. CPR mask. Personal hygiene is another exposure prevention. 21
Engineering Control By removing the hazard or isolating employees from exposure as follow: Using self-sheathing needles. Providing special containers for contaminated sharp instruments. Using disposable equipment/resuscitation bag. If it is wet and it comes from a human, don t touch it without gloves. 22
Work Practice Controls How tasks are performed to prevent infection. Understanding proper procedures during emergencies. How to protect yourself from infection. How to clean up blood, body fluids and contaminated materials: a. Wear gloves, use paper towels and disinfect with bleach and water diluted to 1:10 parts. 23
Work Practice Controls b. Replace diluted bleach/water after 24 hours. Dispose of gloves and towels in Biohazard bag. Do not use mop to clean spills. Proper handling and disposal of potentially infectious materials. Following procedures to minimize spattering, droplets, splashing and spraying of blood or other body fluids. 24
Work Practice Controls Don t eat, drink, smoke, apply makeup, lip balm or handle contact lenses in these areas. Wash hands before and after working with consumers. Bending, recapping, or removing contaminated needles is prohibited except under special circumstances. Shearing or breaking needles is prohibited. 25
What to do if exposed Puncture Wound: Allow to bleed by milking the wound. Wash the wound with soap and water. Non-Intact Skin: Wash hands with water and antiseptic soap or with waterless disinfectant hand cleaner. Vigorously scrub exposed areas preventing further damaging the skin. 26
What to do if exposed Mucous Membranes eyes, nose, mouth: Flush with large amounts or running water. Bites: Run cool water for at least 5 minutes. 27
Exposure Control Plan Outlines strategies to eliminate or minimize employees exposure to blood and body fluids. Sitespecific methods to reduce the risk of exposure: Training. Vaccine. Post-exposure evaluation and follow up. Procedure for investigation and evaluation. 28
Post-Exposure Procedures All exposure incidents must be reported to your supervisor. Reports will be treated with strict confidence. When exposed you must go to Concentra. Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up will be provided. Written accident report and evaluation. Testing and consulting with physicians or health care professional for HIV, HBV and HCV infection. 29
Housekeeping Regulated waste handling includes any body fluids, contaminated items, sharp objects. Placed them in special containers, leak-proof, labeled or color coded and closed. Laundry wear gloves, labeled leak-proof, don t take home for laundering. Broken glassware with tongs, brush and dustpan. Disinfect contaminated surface with1 part bleach and 10 part water. 30
Please refer to the BBP Recertification Quiz under Training Opportunities and take the quiz. Print out the quiz, complete it and return to Melinda Campbell-Weber by fax, email or mail. Thank you! This training material has been created for the exclusive use of UNITED CEREBRAL PALSY OF CENTRAL ARIZONA and may not be used for any other purpose without express written consent of UNITED CEREBRAL PALSY OF CENTRAL ARIZONA. 31