Transport Systems in Plants and Animals Mark Scheme Level Subject Exam Board Unit Topic Difficulty Level Booklet GCSE Biology AQA B3 Transport Systems in Plants and Animals Bronze Level Mark Scheme Time Allowed: 57 minutes Score: /57 Percentage: /00 Page
M.(a) (i) water / H 2O accept oxygen allow H 2O do not allow H 2 O or H2O (iii) the mineral ions are absorbed by active transport the absorption of mineral ions needs energy have (many root) hairs (which) give a large surface area (for absorption) (b) carbon dioxide in or oxygen out or control water loss accept gas exchange ignore gases in and out ignore gain / lose water (c) (i) guard cells (stomata are) closed allow there is no gap / space (iii) plant will wilt / droop ignore die [9] M2.(a) (i) Page 2
one mark for each line extra line negates a mark 3 any one from: carbon dioxide / CO 2 urea do not allow urine ignore water ignore ions (b) (i) B D (iii) vein accept correct named examples (c) (i) any one from: keeps artery / blood vessel open or widens artery / blood vessel Page 3
allows (more) blood to heart / cardiac muscle (allows) blood to flow more easily allows (more) oxygen to heart / cardiac muscle any two from: bleeding allow blood clots infection damaging blood vessels damaging the heart risk from anaesthetic 2 [0] M3.(a) osmosis partially permeable (b) (i) any two from: allow correct answers in terms of A vacuole is small(er) cytoplasm has shrunk allow cytoplasm is smaller gap between cytoplasm and cell wall cell wall curves inwards allow cell B is flaccid or cell A is turgid the (cell) membrane has moved away from the wall 2 any one from: water will move / diffuse in (cells) will swell (cells) will burst ignore turgid Page 4
(c) villi give the small intestines a large surface area villi have many blood capillaries [7] M4.(a) (i) xylem phloem (iii) transpiration (iv) stomata (b) (i) any one from: reduce / prevent evaporation of water from flask holds plant shoot in place prevent damage to the plant same surface area or number of leaves (because if they used larger / smaller size shoots) there would be a larger / smaller surface area or a larger/ smaller number of leaves allow same number of stomata from which (the same amount of) water evaporates (and therefore) more / less water would escape allow from which water escapes Page 5
(iii) 4.5 look for answer written in table (iv) (v) increasing temperature / heat increases (rate of) water loss / evaporation having moving air / a fan increases (rate of) water loss / evaporation (c) (i) 0.3 g plastic bag reduces air flow across leaves or air is humid around the leaves allow plastic bag stops water (vapour) leaving allow air (in plastic bag) becomes saturated (with water) [2] M5.(a) (i) capillary diffusion (b) (i) Z ignore any names large / increased surface / area Page 6
allow all food absorbed or to absorb more food or improved diffusion [4] M6.(a) (i) wind answers in either order temperature ignore weather different plants have different sizes ignore reference to validity / different numbers of leaves / different sizes of leaves / different plants take up different amounts of water / different number of stomata / different surface area allow different plants need different amounts of water (b) in table, in sequence: C B A all 3 correct = 2 marks 2 correct = mark 0 or correct = 0 marks max 2 (c) transpiration [6] Page 7
M7.(a) (i) root hairs if clear which word then allow xylem if clear which word then allow (iii) stomata if clear which word then allow (iv) storage organs in this order phloem (b) (i) 23.2 loss of water (from flask with plant) from leaves / plant via transpiration / via evaporation if no other marks allow used in photosynthesis for one mark [8] M8.(a) A artery allow aorta Page 8
B ventricle ignore references to left and right C atrium ignore references to left and right allow atria D vein allow vena cava (b) (i) stent keeps (artery) open so (more) blood can flow through allow blood can flow (more) easily ignore ref to blood clots [7] M9. (a) transpiration (b) (i) 200 correct answer with or without working Page 9
if answer incorrect: allow mark for 8 25 or allow mark for answer from candidate s count 25 2 R allow P or Q if candidate s answer to (b)(i) nearer to value for one of those do not allow R if the answer to (b)(i) would give an answer of P or Q allow R if (b)(i) is blank (iii) few stomat allow no stomata on upper surface / all stomata on lower surface little / less transpiration or little / less water (vapour) loss / enable water to be retained allow no water loss from upper surface [6] Page 0
M0. (a) 4 correct = 4 marks 3 correct = 3 marks 2 correct = 2 marks correct = mark extra line from a structure cancels the mark 4 (b) diffusion [5] M. (a) transpiration (b) increase then decrease maximum rate at 36-38 ( C ) / 540-560 (grams per day) any figure in these ranges Page
(c) (i) reduce water loss / prevent wilting allow stops water loss 40-45 C [5] M2. (a) (i) 8 Z (b) (i) red blood cells haemoglobin [4] M3. (a) (i) wind temperature answers in either order ignore weather Page 2
different plants have different sizes / different numbers of leaves / different sizes of leaves / different plants take up different amounts of water ignore reference to validity allow different plants need different amounts of water (b) in table, in sequence: C all 3 correct = 2 marks B A all 3 correct = 2 marks 2 correct = mark 0 or correct = 0 mark 2 (c) transpiration [6] M4. (a) guard cells (b) (i) 2.00 / 2.0 / 2 0.05 or /20 Page 3
(iii) (Q has) it = Q large(r) surface area / more stomata / thinner cuticle / larger leaves accept other sensible answers (iv) wind 30 extra box ticked cancels the mark (c) wilting extra ring drawn cancels the mark [6] M5. B C A [3] M6. (a) (i) artery capillary (b) alveoli Page 4
red blood cells nucleus [5] M7. (a) A = alveolus allow air sac / alveoli B = diaphragm ignore labelling of C and D (b) A (c) (i) red blood cells plasma [5] M8. (a) (i) A or C allow lower case B or D allow lower case Page 5
(b) (i) 60 4 (c) red blood cells [5] M9. red (blood cell) platelet white (blood cell) plasma [4] M20. in correct sequence: breathing diffusion respiration [3] Page 6
M2. an atrium an artery a semi-lunar valve [3] M22. (i) oxygen into the blood stream arrow must start inside alveolus and finish outside the capillary carbon dioxide out of the blood stream arrow must start inside the capillary and finish inside the alveolus (iii) carries/takes up/releases oxygen or carbon dioxide accept forms oxyhaemoglobin [3] M23. (a) capillaries Page 7
(b) (oxygen) in red blood cells or haemoglobin the candidate must make clear which substance is which for 2 marks (carbon dioxide dissolved in) the plasma accept in haemoglobin in regions of high carbon dioxide concentration accept for mark oxygen + CO 2 is transported by red blood cells or haemoglobin do not credit red + white blood cells or combinations of right + wrong answers (c) one mark for each up to a maximum of three red blood cells award mark for blood cells if no red or white white blood cells (or named white blood cell up to 2) platelets urea accept nitrogenous waste do not credit waste substances or products minerals (or one named mineral) accept ions or salts vitamins water hormones (named hormone up to 3) protein (named blood proteins up to 2) glucose accept other named soluble sugar do not credit sugar(s) or blood sugar or sucrose Page 8
fatty acids or glycerol amino acids digested food or nutrients (if individual foods not credited) do not credit starch or carbohydrates do not credit nutrition or food do not credit oxygen do not credit haemoglobin carbon dioxide accept nitrogen antibodies antitoxins drugs or toxins (named up to 2) bacteria or viruses cholesterol 3 [6] M24. one; diffuse; narrow; lowered; [4] Page 9
M25. (a) (i) all plots correct 6 Tolerance ± square allow mark for 2 correct plots correct answer with no working = 2 allow mark for (60 00) 0 N.B. correct answer from incorrectly recalled relationship / substitution = 0 2 2 (b) lungs liver kidneys [7] M26. (a) falls from 0.25 to 0.9 but by 0.06 gains two marks if neither figure given, accept steadily / at constant rate for one mark accept mass of oxygen inversely related / negative correlation to height above sea level for 2 marks Page 20
(b) (i).8 accept correct readings from graph for (5 and 6.8) if subtraction incorrect for one mark allow one mark for correct subtraction from incorrect readings 2 (blood can carry) more oxygen [6] ## ticks or crosses on the RHS [5] M28. (i) respiration oxygen or O 2 Page 2
do not accept O or O 2 (iii) carbon dioxide or CO 2 do not accept CO 2 [3] Page 22