Monday 14 th May The Body Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 10 Cardio-Respiratory System
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1 Monday 14 th May 2018 The Body Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 10 Cardio-Respiratory System
2 Homework 1. What is the function of the cardiovascular system? 2. List the main components of blood and describe their respective functions 3. Describe the structure and role of a) Arteries b) Veins c) Capillaries 4. The circulatory system is described as a double pump system. Why is this?
3 The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system. It consists of 1. Blood 2. Blood Vessels 3. The Heart
4 The Cardiovascular System It has three main functions- 1 - Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes). 2 - Protection of the body by white blood cells, and antibodies that circulate in the blood and defend the body against disease/ infection. Clotting mechanisms are also present that protect the body from blood loss after injuries via platelets. 3 - Regulation of body temperature, fluid ph, and water content of cells.
5 Blood does the job of a non-stop courier service - it collects chemicals from one part of the body and delivers them to other parts, for use or disposal. What is Blood made of? If blood is spun in a centrifuge it will separate into 4 parts Blood spinning in a centrifuge. White blood cells help to fight infection. Red blood cells make up about 45% of the total volume of the blood What does Blood do? Plasma is a strawcoloured liquid. It is mostly water with dissolved nutrients, salts, hormones and proteins. Platelets are cell fragments.
6 Blood Structure A photomicrograph of a blood smear showing the appearance of blood as seen with the light microscope (1000 x Magnification). Platelets Red blood cells White blood cells Plasma
7 PLASMA This is the liquid part of blood - it is straw coloured. Transports waste products away from cells for removal from the body, e.g. urea and heat when the body is hot.
8 Platelets These are tiny pieces of cell which have no nucleus. Their main role is to: Clump together when blood vessels are damaged and help to clog a meshwork of fibres which create a clot, to help stop bleeding: form a scab
9 Arteries The Major Blood Vessels Veins
10 Blood Vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Non-elastic fibres Muscle + elastic fibres Non-elastic fibres Muscle + elastic fibres Arteries carry blood away from the heart and have a thick, elastic, muscular wall as they pump blood at high pressure this creates a pulse. Arteries carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery) Veins have a relatively thinner and less a muscular wall than arteries. They also have valves to stop the blood flowing in the wrong direction. Veins carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary vein) Capillaries are found where gaseous exchange takes place - Lungs, organs and muscles. Capillary walls are one cell thick. Exchange of gases occurs across their surface.
11 The Heart - Structure Semi lunar valves Aorta Vena cavae Right atrium Tricuspid valves Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Left atrium Bicuspid valves Left ventricle Cardiac muscle
12 How Blood is Pumped around the Body Blood flows around the body in a figure of eight circuit, passing through the heart twice on each circuit. Blood travels away from the heart through arteries (A). Blood returns to the heart through veins (V). There are 2 separate loops to the circuit: The top loop carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back. The bottom loop carries blood from the heart to all over the body and back. (V) Lungs (A) Heart Body (A) (V)
13 From the body How the Heart Pumps Blood The heart is divided into 2 parts. Each part is a pump, so the heart is a double pump. To To the lungs the body From the lungs The right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body for use.
14 The Cardiac Cycle - How the Heart Beats
15 Blood Flow around the Body Top Loop 1. Blood leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary artery and goes to the lungs where it is oxygenated. Lungs Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Heart 2. It then travels back to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary vein. Body
16 Blood Flow around the Body - Bottom Loop Lungs 3. The left side of the heart then pumps the oxygenated blood around the rest of the body for use, via the aorta. Vena Cava 4. Once the oxygen has been used, the blood becomes deoxygenated and returns to the right side of the heart via the vena cava. Heart Body Aorta
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