Supplementary Information mtor plays critical roles in pancreatic cancer stem cells through specific and stemness-related functions Shyuichiro Matsubara 1, Qiang Ding 1, Yumi Miyazaki 1, Taisaku Kuwahata 2, Koichiro Tsukasa 1 and Sonshin Takao 1 1 Cancer and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Biomedical Science and Swine Research Center, 2 Department of Digestive Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 89-852, Japan
Supplementary Figure S1. FACS analysis of Capan-1M9 cells (untreated cells).
Gated cells (%) Gated cells (%) Gated cells (%) Gated cells (%) S phase a b CD133+ CD133- GEM G -G 1 phase CD133+ CD133- Apoptosis CD133+ CD133- GEM GEM Supplementary Figure S2. CD133 + cells from the pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-1 show cancer stem cell-like properties. (a) The tumorigenicity of CD133 + and CD133 cells in NOD/SCID mice. (b) Comparison of the distribution of CD133 + and CD133 cells in the G/G1 phase and the S phase. Apoptosis was also analyzed by the BrdU assay after gemcitabine (GEM) treatment ( ng/ml). (c) Gemcitabine treatment ( ng/ml) increases the percentage of CD133 + cells in Capan-1.
CD133 + cell content (% control) Supplementary figure S2 c 1 12 24 Gemcitabine treatment (hr)
Cell viability (MTT A 57, % control) Cell viability (MTT A 57, % control) CD133 + cell content (% control) CD133 + cell content (% control).33 1 3.3 1 1 3 1.33 1 3.3 1 mm XVA939 (Wnt pathway inhibitor) 1 3 1 mm GSI (g-secretase inhibitor) IX (Notch pathway inhibitor) Supplementary Figure S3. Inhibition of Wnt or Notch did not significantly affect either the percentage of CD133 + cells or the viability of Capan-1M9 cells. The effects of the Wnt pathway inhibitor XVA939 and the Notch inhibitor GSI IX on CD133 + cell percentage and cell viability were determined and presented as Figure 1 (a).
(kda) 2 116 97 66 29 * CD133 b-actin Anti-CD133 Anti-b-actin Supplementary Figure S4. Full size blots of the immunoblot detection shown in Figure 2a.
a b c d (kda) (kda) 4E-BP1 2 116 66 45 29 17 P85 S6k P7 S6k 4E-BP1 * 2 116 66 45 29 phospho-4e-bp1 (T37/46) Total 4E-BP1 phospho-s6 kinase (T389) total S6 kinase Supplementary Figure S5. Full size blots of the immunoblot detection shown in Figure 6. * indicates non-specific bands. The same filters were used several times with different antibodies, therefore the signal in the previous detection was appeared in (c), (d), (e), (f) and (k).
Supplementary figure S5 (continued) e f g h i (kda) (kda) 2 2 Akt Erk 1/2 S6 * 116 66 45 29 Akt 116 66 45 29 4E-BP1 17 17 phospho-s6 (S24/S244) total S6 phospho-akt (T38) phospho-akt (S473) total Akt
Supplementary figure S5 (continued) j k (kda) 2 Akt Erk 1/2 116 66 45 29 17 phospho-erk 1/2 (T24) Total Erk 1/2
Number of spheres Cell viability (MTT A 57, % control) Cell viability (MTT A 57, % control) a b.1 1 1 nm inhibitors 1 nm KU-63794 (mtorc1 & mtorc2 inhibitor) c 3 2 1 everolimus KU-63794 Supplementary Figure S6. mtorc1/mtorc2 dual inhibitor KU-63794 reduces the cell viability and sphere formation of Capan-1M9 cells but the inhibition kinetics is different from. Rapamycin and its derivatives directly inhibit mtorc1 and their effects on mtorc2 assembly are reported in some cell lines. (a) Effects of (closed circle) and everolimus (open circle) and (b) of KU-63794 (closed triangle) on cell viability were determined and presented as Figure 1 (a). (c) Effects of, everolimus and KU- 63794 on sphere formation were determined and presented as Figure 2 (e).
CD133 + cell content (% total cells) body weight (g) a b treatment 3 2 1 c vehicle 1 mg/kg/day 5 mg/kg/day NS 7 14 19 23 27 31 days after transplantation 2 NS NS 1 Supplementary Figure S7. Effect of on the xenografted Capan-1M9 tumor in nude mice. (a) Xenograft tumors with treatment were smaller than those with controls in nude mice. (b) Body weight of nude mice were not significantly different among the three treatments, vehicle (open circle), 1 mg/kg/day (closed circle), or 5 mg/kg/day (closed triangle). (c) The flow cytometric analysis of xenograft cells after enzyme dissociation. NS P >.5.
p11 GF apotosis actin cytoskeleton ROS ACL SOS RTK IRS p85 PI3K Pten Akt P Akt is activated by Feedback loop. P S6kinase mtor S6 P Translation 4E-BP1 P Canonical signal downstream of mtor (mtorc1) is blocked by Rapamycin. Ribosome production mrna translation (protein synthesis) HIF-1 PGC-1 PPARg Supplementary Figure S8. Signaling output from the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway after treatment.