active immunity agglutination allografts immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunologic memory. clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by crosslinking of antigenantibody complexes. grafts transplanted from individuals that are not genetically identical but belong to the same species antibodies immunoglobulins; able to bind to antigens antibody-mediated immunity humoral immunity; B cells and antibody production
antigen autografts cell-mediated immunity a substance or part of a substance (living or nonliving) that is recognized as foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products. are tissue grafts transplanted from one body site to another in the same person form of acquired immunity; results from activation of T lymphocytes that were previously sensitized to a specific antigen chemotaxis release of chemicals by damaged cells that attract white blood cells clonal selection process during which a b cell or t cell becomes sensitized through binding contact with an antigen.
complement a group of blood-borne proteins, which, when activated, enhance the inflammatory and immune responses and may lead to cell lysis. cytokines any of a number of substances, such as interferon, interleukin, and growth factors, that are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other cells cytotoxic T-cells T-cells that can kill other cells. Cytotoxic T-cells are important in host defense against viruses and other cytosolic pathogens, because they recognize and kill the infected cells. diapedesis hapten passage of white blood cells through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue small molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an antigen
helper T-cell humoral immune response IgA type of t lymphocyte that orchestrates cellular immunity by direct contact with other immune cells and by releasing chemicals called lymphokines immunity conferred by antibodies present in blood plasma and other body fluids. antibody found in blood and secretions, made more than any other isotype, most abundunt in the tears, sweat, saliva and mucosa. IgE The class of immunoglobulin having ɛ heavy chains. It is involved in allergic reactions. IgG the most common antibodies. passable through the placenta. provides passive immunity. aka gamma globulin
Ig M A pentamer; first antibody released; potent agglutinating agent; readily fixes and activates complement immunocompetence immunoglobulin immunological memory inflammation ability of the body's immune cells to recognize (by binding) specific antigens; reflects the presence of plasma membrane-bound receptors. a protein molecule, released by plasma cells, that mediates humoral immunity; an antibody. capacity of the immune system to make quicker and stronger adaptive immune responses to successive encounters with an antigen a nonspecific defensive response of the body to tissue injury; includes dilation of blood vessels and an increase in vessel permeability; indicated by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
interferon protein produced by cells in response to being infected by a virus; helps other cells resist the virus interferons chemical messenger that interferes with multiplication of viruses interleukins proteins that stimulate the growth of B or T lymphocytes and activate specific components of the immune response isografts tissue grafts from an identical person (identical twin) lymph node small lymphatic organ that filters lymph; contains macrophages and lymphocytes.
lymphocyte The second most common of the five classes of leukocytes. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity and include two cell types, B-cells and T cells. B-cells produce and secrete antibodies and T-cells are invovled in cellular immunity. lymphokines proteins involved in cellmediated immune responses that enhance immune and inflammatory responses. lysozyme an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria membrane attack complexes (MAC) mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) results from activation of complement and forms a pore in the membrane of the target cell, damaging the membrane and leading to cell lysis small masses of lymph tissue located in respiratory tract, digestive tract
natural killer cells A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virusinfected cells; an important component of innate immunity. passive immunity perforins Peyer's patches short-lived immunity resulting from the introduction of "borrowed antibodies" obtained from an immune animal or human donor; immunological memory is not established. Chemicals secreted by certain lymphocytes that create holes in the membrane of a host cell which causes the host cell to swell and rupture located on the walls of the ileum; work with the immune system to protect against the entry of pathogens through the digestive system pyrogen an agent or chemical substance that induces fever.
pyrogens chemicals which promote fever by acting on the hypothalamus self-antigens the marker proteins on your normal body cells: MHC = major histocompatibility complex thymus gland endocrine gland active in immune response. vaccines harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen xenografts tissue taken from a different animal species