World Sight Day 2015 Case Studies Mark Frost Screening Manager South East London DESP
Introduction All of the following cases have been identified in our screening programme over the last 3 years. The majority of these cases are non-dr
Case 1 Screened 8 th July 2015 44 Year Old Male Caribbean Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin) Diagnosed 2 Years
Right Eye VA 6/6
Right Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
Possible Diagnosis? A) Diabetic Related R3A B) Neovascularisation following Retinal Occlusion
Actual Diagnosis Neovascularisation following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) The new vessels are confined to one quadrant of the patients eye The other eye has no obvious Diabetic Retinopathy
Case 2 Screened 13 th September 2012 70 Year Old Male Caribbean Type 2 Diabetes (Diet) Diagnosed 5 Years
Right Eye VA 6/6
Right Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/7
Left Eye VA 6/7
What type of Haemorrhage is this? A) Pre-retinal B) Flame C) Blot D) Sub-Retinal
Sub - Retinal Sub RPE Bleed (Pigmented) Exudate
Pre-Retinal and Vitreous Haemorrhages Pre-Retinal Vitreous
Flame Haemorrhages
Blot Haemorrhages
Is a sub-retinal Haemorrhage a sign of Diabetic Retinopathy? A) Yes B) No
What is the diagnosis for this patient?
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) With PCV there are polyps from the choroid layer which have burst resulting in the sub-retinal bleed we see here These polyps can be identified using indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and new OCT-A techniques. These techniques can help to confirm diagnosis. This patient was treated with focal laser treatment. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Anti-VEGF treatments can also be used especially if the bleed is centre involving.
2015
Case 3 Screened 5 th July 2012 74 Year Old Female Caribbean Type 2 Diabetes (Diet) Diagnosed 9 Years
14 th June 2011
Right Eye VA 6/9
Right Eye VA 6/9
Left Eye VA 6/9
Left Eye VA 6/9
5 th July 2012
Right Eye VA 6/12
Right Eye VA 6/12
Left Eye VA 6/18
Left Eye VA 6/18
Left Eye VA 6/18
Is this a typical presentation of R3A pathology from Diabetic Retinopathy? A) Yes B) No
Differential Diagnosis Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) Valsalva Retinopathy Vasoproliferative Tumour
Vasoproliferative Tumour Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina are uncommon and have only recently been recognized as a distinct clinical entity. They are characterised by one or more retinal nodules, which are usually located inferotemporally, and which cause retinal exudates, macular oedema, and epiretinal membranes. Treated with focal photocoagulation
Case 4 Screened 4 th December 2014 69 Year Old Female Caribbean Type 2 Diabetes (Tablets) Diagnosed 2 Years
Right Eye VA 6/9
Right Eye VA 6/9
Left Eye VA HM
Left Eye VA HM
2013 2014
2014 2013
Possible Diagnosis? A) Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) B) Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO)
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) A Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) refers to obstruction or blockage of one of the branches of the central retinal artery by an embolus, thrombus or inflammatory/ traumatic vessel wall damage or spasm. The lack of oxygen delivery to the retina during the blockage may result in severe loss of vision. The area of retina affected is associated with the area and degree of visual loss.
2014 2013 Retinal Whitening
Case 5 Screened 26 th September 2012 12 Year Old Female White British Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin) Diabetic 6 Years
Right Eye VA 6/5
Right Eye VA 6/5
Left Eye VA 6/60
Left Eye VA 6/60
What s Happening in this Picture?
Additional Information Patient has a portwine coloured birthmark on their face
Sturge-Weber Syndrome This is a rare disorder that is present from birth Despite this fact the condition is NOT thought to be hereditary. Sturge Weber is usually indicated by a birthmark (port wine stain) somewhere on the face, usually involving the eye and forehead. Those with Sturge Weber often suffer from epilepsy, hemiplegia, glaucoma and learning difficulties. Symptoms usually occur in the child s first year of life. Charity - http://www.sturgeweber.org.uk/
Diffuse Choroidal Haemongioma Choroidal hemangioma is a benign vascular tumour of the choroid with two sub-types Diffuse & Circumscribed. The Diffuse sub-type is generally evident at birth and generally occurs as part of Sturge-Weber Syndrome. The swelling can result in a distortion of vision or as in this case a loss of central vision if centre involving. There is a risk of exudative retinal detachment if the tumour leaks fluid and because of this such a detachment may not occur until adolecence
Treatment The decision to treat a DCH may be challenging and should be individualized, based on the extent of symptoms, loss of vision, and the potential for visual recovery. Retinal Detachments must be treated to prevent neovascular glaucoma and loss of the eye. Treatment options available include radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and intra-retinal anti-vegf treatments. Most asymptomatic patients are just monitored
Case 6 Screened 29 th June 2015 35 Year Old Male White Caucasian Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin) Diagnosed 31 Years
Right Eye VA 6/6
Right Eye VA 6/6
Right Eye VA 6/6
Right Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
Based on these Images what grade would you give this patient?
Right Eye VA 6/6
Left Eye VA 6/6
R3A in Periphery This patient had been diagnosed for over 30 years and this is the main risk factor that the patient may have proliferative changes The detection of R3A was only possible due to the extra images captured
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