The Language of Anatomy Notes Booklet Name: Period:
I Can Objectives *Check off once you have mastered each of these objectives. 1. I can describe the anatomical position and can stand in it myself. 2. I can differentiate between the six sets of directional terms. 3. I can use the directional terms in examples of describing body parts in relation to other structures. 4. I can locate all 29 anterior body regions and all 12 posterior body regions on a diagram or on myself. 5. I can draw a person in the anatomical position and draw lines through it denoting the planes of the body, midsagittal, frontal/coronal and transverse/horizontal. 6. I can draw a concept map or an outline of the body cavities listing organs living in each one. 7. I can draw a t to label abdominopelvic quadrants and a tic-tac-toe board to label the abdominopelvic sudivisions. 8. I can spell all of the new terminology in this booklet. 1
I. Anatomical Position - standing erect, feet, arms at sides, palms/toes facing II. Directional Terms - directional terms allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain where one body is in relation to another A. - towards or at the head/above - the thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity B. - towards or at the feet/below - the neck is inferior to the head C. - towards or at the front of the body/also called ventral - the belly button is anterior to the buttocks D. - towards or at the back of the body/also called dorsal - the spine/vertebral column is posterior to the breatbone/sternum E. - towards or at the midline of the body - the nose is medial to the eyes F. - towards or at the sides of the body - the eyes are lateral to the chin 1. - pertains to the same side - the spleen & descending colon are ipsilateral 2. - refers to opposite sides - the spleen & gallbladder are contralateral G. - closer to the point of attachment or trunk - the elbow is proximal to the wrist H. - farther from the point of attachment or trunk - the toes are distal to the knees *Proximal & Distal are only used with your 2
I. - towards or at the surface - skin is superficial to muscles/epidermis is the superficial layer of skin J. - away from the surface/more internal - lungs are deep to ribs/dermis is the deep layer of skin III. Regional Terms * Anterior body landmarks write common names Abdominal Fibular Pedal Acromial Antebrachial Antecubital Axillary Brachial Buccal Carpal Cervical Costal Coxal Crural Deltoid Digital Femoral Frontal Inguinal Mental Nasal Oral Orbital Otic Patellar Pelvic Pubic Sternal Tarsal Thoracic Umbilical 3
* Posterior body landmarks Calcaneal Olecranal Vertebral Cephalic Femoral Gluteal Lumbar Occipital Popliteal Plantar Sacral Scapular Sural IV. Body Planes and Sections - when preparing to look at the internal structures of the body, medical students make a, or cut - when the section is made through the body wall or through an organ, it is made along an imaginary line called a 1. A section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts 2. A section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts 3. A frontal (also known as a ) section divides the body (or organ) into and parts 4. A, or cross, section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts 4
V. Body Cavities A. Dorsal body cavity 1. cavity houses the 2. cavity houses the B. Ventral body cavity 1. cavity houses the & a. cavity houses the lungs - is a central region in the thoracic cavity which separates the lungs into right & left cavities b. cavity houses the heart 2. cavity houses digestive system and most urinary system organs - abdominal & pelvic * is the border between the thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities *HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE the most vulnerable organs are those in the cavity because the abdominal cavity walls are formed only of and not reinforced by VI. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (RUQ) (RLQ) (LUQ) (LLQ) 5
VII. Abdominopelvic Regions a. region - the upper middle portion b. regions - each side of the epigastric region c. region - the central portion d. regions - each side of umbilical region e. region - the lower middle portion f. region - each side of hypogastric region VIII. Abdominopelvic Major Organs 6
Define all words using your notes or the text concentrating on key words: VQ1 1. anatomical position 2. superior 3. inferior 4. ventral/anterior 5. dorsal/posterior 6. medial 7. lateral 8. proximal 9. distal 10. superficial 11. deep VQ2 1. sagittal 2. midsagittal 3. frontal/coronal 4. transverse 7
Anterior and Posterior Body Regions 8
Body Planes and Sections 9
Body Cavities 10
Abdominopelvic Regions 11