Medical Terms of Cardiovascular System and Respiratory System Dr. Sarmed Nabhan Yaseen BSc., MPharm, PhD, RPh sarmednabhan@ibnsina.edu.iq
Outlines Terms Cardiovascular System (CVS) Respiratory System Major Organs of (CVS) Blood URT LRT
Objectives 1. Listen, read, and study so you can speak and write. 2. Pronounce, spell, define, and write the medical terms related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Introduction The human body is made up of 70 to 80 trillion cells. All of these cells need to be fed oxygen and nutrients Cells must also get rid of waste materials
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Cardi/o = Heart
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Major Organs: 1. heart (HART) 2. arteries (AR-ter-eez) 3. arterioles (ar-teer-ee-ohlz) 4. capillaries (ka-pill-ah-reez) 5. venules (VEN-yoolz) 6. veins (VAYNZ)
Cardiovascular System (CVS) The Heart
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Walls of the Heart
The heart cannot feed itself from the blood that flows through it. Its walls are too thick and muscular. The heart has its own system of arteries and veins. These are the coronary arteries and veins. They supply the heart muscle with the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function properly.
A heart attack or myocardial infarction (my-oh- KAR-dee-al-In-FARK-shun) is a blockage in the coronary arteries. Because oxygen and nutrients can no longer reach the heart muscle, the muscle is damaged.
CABG Balloon angioplasty Stent
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Electrocardiography is a procedure of recording the electrical activity of the heart Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) is the record itself
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Normal Sinus Rhythm Heart beats in a regular way, 60 to 90 beats per minute (otherwise: arrhythmia) Bradycardia (brad-ee-kar-dee-uh) Tachycardia (tack-ee-kar-dee-ah)
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Blood Pressure (BP) On each ventricular contraction, blood is pumped through an artery. Blood pushes on the artery wall. The pressure this creates is called blood pressure (BP).
Cardiovascular System (CVS) systolic (SIS-tohl-ick) pressure, the pressure against the arterial wall when the ventricles contract and pumps blood out of the heart. While, diastolic (dye-as-tohl-ick) pressure, is the pressure against the arterial wall when the ventricles relax. hypertension (high-per-ten-shun) 140/90 mm Hg and hypotension (high-poh-ten-shun) 90/60 mm Hg
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Congestive heart failure (CHF) is myocardial disease resulting in the failure of the heart to pump blood effectively through the blood vessels. This results in congestion (backing up) of blood in the blood vessels.
Cardiovascular System (CVS) Cardiac arrest is when the heart unexpectedly stops pumping blood. Valvular Insufficiency The inability of one of the heart valves to close tightly, resulting in a backflow or regurgitation (ree-ger-jih-tay-shun) of blood.
Blood Major Components of Blood: 1. plasma (PLAZ-mah) 2. formed elements 3. erythrocyte (eh-rith-roh-sight) RBC 4. thrombocyte (THROM-boh-sight) 55% 5. basophil (BAY-soh-fill) 6. neutrophil (NEW-troh-fill) 7. eosinophil (ee-oh-sin-oh-fill) 45% 8. lymphocyte (LIM-foh-sight) 9. monocyte (MON-oh-sight)
Blood Hematologist (hee-mah-toloh-jist) a specialist in the study of the blood, its disorders and treatment Anemia (ah-nee-mee-ah) lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin content in the blood
Blood Leukemia is a form of bone marrow cancer that results in a malignant increase in the number of white blood cells Hemophilia is a genetic condition characterized by a lack of clotting factors causing a prolonged bleeding
Take a breath
Respiratory System Major Organs of the Respiratory System 1. nasal cavity (NAY-zal) 2. nares (NAH-reez) (nostrils) 3. pharynx (FAR-inks) 4. larynx (LAR-inks) 5. trachea (TRAY-kee-ah) 6. left bronchus (BRONG-kus) 7. alveoli (al-vee-oh-lye) 8. bronchiole (BRONG-kee-ohl) 9. diaphragm (DYE-ah-fram) 10. right lung 11. right bronchus (BRONG-kus)
Respiratory System Breath vs Breathe Inhalation vs exhalation Upper and Lower Respiratory System
Lung and Alveoli Respiratory System
Respiratory System Pleural and Mediastinal Cavities The thoracic cavity contains two smaller cavities called the pleural (PLOOR-al) and mediastinal (medee-as-tye-nal) cavities
Respiratory System Allergic rhinitis (rye-nye-tis): is an allergic response to inhaled allergens Asthma (AZ-mah): is a bronchospasm that results in airway obstruction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract that obstructs air flow to the lungs and body tissues
Respiratory System Emphysema (em-fih-see-mah): loss of elasticity and overexpansion (dilation) of the alveoli Epistaxis (ep-ih-stack-sis): Bleeding from the nostrils or nosebleed Pneumonia (noo-moh-nee-ah): is inflammation of the lung caused by infection