Circulation and Respiration

Transcription

1 Circulation and Respiration

2 Miller, Geoffrey Spent: Sex, Evolution, and Consumer Behavior.

3 Miller, Geoffrey Spent: Sex, Evolution, and Consumer Behavior.

4 Respiratory system moves O 2 into, and CO 2 out of, the body. Cardiovascular system transports materials to and from all other systems. Digestive system transforms food into a form that can be transported throughout the body. Urinary system filters bodily fluids, removes waste while conserving water and other materials. Figure 30.1

5 blood sample 55% plasma formed elements 45% Formed elements Red blood cells 99.9% White blood 0.1% cells Platelets Plasma Water 92% Plasma proteins 7% Other solutes 1% Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Figure 30.2

6 Formed Elements Figure 30.3

7 Blood Vessels connective tissue muscle epithelium connective tissue muscle epithelium vein artery capillary Figure 30.4

8 The Heart and Blood (a) The pulmonary and systemic circulation networks The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. Circulation (b) The circulation of blood through the heart superior vena cava 7. From the aorta, blood is distributed to the rest of the body. 3. Blood is delivered to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. pulmonary circulation (to lungs) pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins 1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae. 4. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. 5. Blood then moves into the left atrium which pumps it into the left ventricle. systemic veins systemic arteries 6. Powerful contractions of the left ventricle force blood into the aorta. systemic circulation (to all tissues) inferior vena cava 2. The right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle, which contracts, pumping blood to the lungs. Figure 30.5

9 Heart Valves Mitral valves: Beating heart transplant:

10 Critical Vessels LDL molecules superior vena cava right coronary artery aorta pulmonary artery left main coronary artery left anterior decending coronary artery: blocked blood clot damaged heart muscle 1. LDL molecules infiltrate the wall of the artery; immune cells follow. 2. An inflammatory reaction follows; a growing number of cells and cellular debris form a plaque. 3. Plaque cap ruptures, sending plaque material into bloodstream; a blood clot forms that blocks blood flow. Figure 30.7

11 Bypass Surgery Coronary artery: =3Nf6Q2skGOM

12 (a) artery vein Capillary beds capillary bed arteriole venule (b) interstitial fluid (c) O 2 glucose epithelial cells of capillary wall CO 2 wastes tissue cells thodgeslmp.com Figure 30.8

13 Elephantiasis medindia.net

14 Valves allow blood to go forward but not backward valve open muscles contracted valve closed muscles relaxed valve closed valve open Figure 30.9

15 (a) Anatomy of the respiratory system The Respiratory System (b) The structure of alveoli sinuses pharynx nasal cavity larynx trachea vein artery Elastic fibers alveoli left lung esophagus left bronchus right lung bronchioles capillary network (c) A bronchiole and its alveoli diaphragm Figure 30.10

16 (a) Side view of body cavities (b) Front view of body cavities cranial cavity spinal cavity dorsal cavity thoracic cavity diaphragm ventral cavity abdominopelvic cavity Figure 26.2

17 Ventilation inhalation Elevation of rib cage and contraction of diaphragm decrease pressure in the lungs, causing air to flow in. respiratory cycle ribs lungs diaphragm exhalation Depression of rib cage and elevation of diaphragm increase pressure in lungs causing air to flow out. Figure 30.11

18 air out air in alveoli in lung O 2 CO 2 capillary CO 2 O 2 tissue cell Figure 30.12