European Parliament Special Committee on organized crime, corruption and money laundering Brussels, 11-12 July 2012 Angela Me Chief Statistics and Survey Section UNODC
No significant change in global status quo on drug use and health consequences Opium production returned to high levels in 2011 after the disease of opium poppy in Afghanistan in 2010.but changes below the surface..
Heroin Trafficking From Afghanistan to Europe
Emerging route Signs that maritime heroin trafficking is increasing with increased use of containers and exploitation of growing commercial routes and hubs - 4 -
Opiate Market: one year after the opium crop failure in Afghanistan
An apparent imbalance in global supply and demand of Opiates Underestimation of the global level of opiate consumption? Asia and Africa account for 70% of the estimated global number of opiates use, but they lack reliable data Increased law enforcement activities? Expansion of the raw opium market? Opium production (tons) 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 600 500 400 300 200 100 Global opium production Afghanistan, dry opium (farm-gate price) Myanmar, dry opium (farm-gate price) Colombia, opium latex (farm-gate price) 0 Opium price (United States dollars per kilogram
Cocaine Trafficking From the Andean Region to Europe Use of containers taking advantage of the large volume of container shipments between South America and Europe Source Destination Annual Market Volume Annual Value at Destination Colombia, Peru, the Plurinational State of Bolivia Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Belgium & the rest of Europe 212 tons depart; 124 consumed in Europe (2008) US$34 billion (2008)
Cocaine: Shift in producing countries translated into a reduction in North America and a shit in European countries Cases Number of seizures cases in Europe originating in coca producing countries 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Colombia Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Peru
Cocaine Price in Europe and US
Cannabis: Europe: a market in transition? Main source countries as share of total 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Main source countries of cannabis resin Morocco Afghanistan Pakistan India Lebanon Chance in cannabis resin seizures2001-2005/2006-2010 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Cannabis: herb and resin
Polydrug trafficking
The decline of Amphetamines and the increase of Methampheta
Ecstasy market recovers Ecstasy seizures, by region,2001-2010 Source: Annual report questionnaire supplemented by other officia sources.
New Threat: New psychoactive substances Mimic effects of illicit stimulants (e.g. ecstasy, amphetamines) Not controlled by the United Nations drug control treaties Reported in: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North America Ketamine, piperazines (BZP), synthetic cathinones (mephedrone), synthetic cannabinoids ( spice ), plant-based substances (Kratom)
Estimate of global interception rate of illicit financial flows in the financial sector Global interception rate: < 1% Funds seized and forfeited in 2009/2010: US$ 3.1 billion* Estimate of crime related amounts laundered: US$ 1.6 trillion Range US$ 1.2 2.3 trillion Seizures in % global illicit financial flows 0.2% Range: 0.1% - 0.3% * based on information from 38 countries (out of 62 analysed) for 2010 or latest year available) Sources: US Dept. of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 2010 and 2011; U.S. Department of Justice Assets Forfeiture Fund for fiscal year 2010; Department of Treasury Assets Forfeiture Fund for fiscal year 2010. Memo: Interception rate of opiates (2006-2010): 20% (16-31%) Interception rate of cocaine (2008-2010): 45% (40-55%)
Trends of conventional crime Index: 1995=100 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1997 Trends in conventional types of crime 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Drug-related crime - 19 countries Robbery - 25 countries Burglary - 17 countries Rape - 22 countries Motor Vehicle Theft - 22 countries Homicide - 40 countries but are these all forms of crime that matter?
Are these the forms of crime that matter? Corruption Economic/financial crime Cybercrime Money laundering Organized crime Human trafficking Develop methodology to measure the difficult to measure crime
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