Perception of Electronic Cigarette Use and Effects on Division III Athletes Byron Campbell Damian Pulos Kimberly Pritchard PhD, LAT, ATC Michael Kotelnicki MS, ATC
Introduction An electronic cigarette is a hand held nicotine delivery system. 2-4 EC are found in a variety of settings Nicotine replacement therapy 4 Recreational/social 5 Performance enhancement 6-7
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Did You Know? 22.4% high school student-athletes use tobacco products 8 8.8% are smokeless tobacco products 15% US college male athletes are smokers 9 Division I vs Division III baseball 10 DI 62.5% smokeless tobacco use DIII 14.3% smokeless tobacco use
Purpose To understand the perception athletes and non-athletes have of electronic cigarette use in Division III college athletes.
Methods: Design Observational Survey Independent Variables: Group Athletes Non-Athletes Dependent Variables Likert-type responses 10 questions related to use and perception of EC
Methods: Subjects Inclusion Criteria All participants Currently enrolled at SU 18-25 years old Athlete Currently on a varsity team roster Non-athlete Has not competed for any varsity team within the last year. Exclusion Criteria All participants Not enrolled as full-time student
Methods: Instruments Survey Likert-type questions NO YES
Survey
Methods: Procedures Participants notified of survey Participants read and sign informed consent form Participants complete survey Results are reported in the aggregate
Methods: Statistical Analysis Response frequencies were summarized for each question Chi square tests of independence were used to determine group associations Cramer s phi was used to assess the strength of association Α set to p< 0.05
Are you currently a user of electronic cigarettes? 80 70 P = 0.018 60 50 40 30 Non-Athlete Athlete 20 10 0 Yes No
Have you ever tried electronic cigarettes? 80 70 P = 0.004 60 50 40 30 Non-Athlete Athlete 20 10 0 Yes No
I am aware of electronic cigarettes and their uses. 40 35 30 P = 0.114 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA
Athletes that use electronic cigarettes find their 40 performance-level is enhanced. 35 P = 0.867 30 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA
Electronic cigarettes have the same health related risks as traditional cigarettes. 40 35 P = 0.138 30 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA
40 35 Which sport is most likely to use electronic cigarettes the most? P = 0.001 30 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 La Bk Bb Vb Fb Fh So TF
40 35 Male athletes are more prone to electronic cigarette use than female athletes. P = 0.745 30 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA
40 35 Electronic cigarettes are recreationally and socially acceptable. P = 0.040 30 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA
The presence of electronic cigarettes is rising? 40 35 P = 0.056 30 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA
The presence of electronic cigarettes in athletics is rising? 40 35 P = 0.040 30 25 20 15 Non-Athlete Athlete 10 5 0 ED MD SD Neither SA MA EA
Discussion: Binary Responses There was a statistically significant association Majority of both groups are currently not users. Non-Athletes were found to be more likely to try electronic cigarettes.
Discussion: Likert-Type Responses Results show both groups have similar viewpoints on most of survey questions. Athletes neither agreed nor disagreed that electronic cigarettes enhanced performance Despite the nation trend, both Athletes and Non-Athletes neither agreed nor disagreed that electronic cigarette presence was rising. 13
Discussion: Most Likely Sport Collegiate baseball athletes were most perceived to engage in electronic cigarette use. Lacrosse was second most perceived (more so amongst athletes) Both sports have been commonly linked to substance use 14
Limitations Sample size Neither Agree nor Disagree Option Honesty/ fear of punishment Subjects knowledge of electronic cigarettes
Future Research Examine perception of hookah use and cigarette usage in Division III athletes Eliminate NA (Neither agree or disagree) option in Likert scale.
Clinical Meaningfulness Having an understanding of the correlation between vaping and athletes may help ATs further enhance their counseling skills on this new and social trend to athletes under their care Having an understanding of public perception on EC and how they are thought to effect athletic performance.
Thank You
Methods: Statistical Analysis Sample size Estimate 350 student-athletes at SU Reach out to just as many non-athlete students CI 95% Margin of error 5% Sample size estimation 120 surveys collected 12
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