Course Details FUNDEMENTALS OF ANATOMY Course Title Fundamentals of Anatomy Course Number BIOL 160 Department Anatomy Credit Hours 4 Grading Type Letter Course Director Sushama Rich M.D. Director s Email Campus Director Campus Email Sushama.Rich@gmail.com TBD TBD Table of Contents FUNDEMENTALS OF ANATOMY...1 COURSE DESCRIPTION... 2 Course Objectives... 2 Required Texts and Materials... 3 Course Structure and Grade Computation... 3 Preparation... 3 Classroom... 3... 3 Exams... 3 Grade breakdown:... 4 Review of sessions topics and hours... 5 Lecture topics, objectives and labs... 6 KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 1 of 13
COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is appropriate for undergraduate and post baccalaureate students, including medical and pre-allied health students, seeking to gain a better appreciation of the anatomical structural/ functional relationship of the human body in health and disease. This course presents a regional approach to the study of the human body, which is a description of structures regionally and their relationships to each other (back, upper and lower limbs, thorax, head, neck, abdomen, pelvis and perineum). Even though this course is organized around a regional approach to Anatomy, time is taken throughout the course to review information from a systemic standpoint because true understanding requires both a regional and a systemic approach to the study of Anatomy. Course Objectives At the end of this course, students will be able to: 1. Describe the normal anatomical position of the body and memorize the Anatomical terminology 2. Name all the bones and their gross features. 3. You should be able to produce a working human mental image (HMI) of the underlying skeleton and muscle for every region in the human body. 4. Memorize the names, attachments, actions and nerve supply for all the muscles in the body. 5. Demonstrate an understanding of how muscles contract and explain their actions on a joint. 6. Describe the structure and function of all joints, their associated ligaments, and analyze impairments due to injury. 7. Describe the organization and functions of the Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. 8. Describe the parts of the Brain and spinal cord, recognize its functions and describe the blood supply. 9. Sketch and label the parts of a typical spinal nerve. 10. List the cranial nerves, memorize the different kinds of fibers that they carry and explain their functions. 11. Diagram the cervical, brachial and lumbosacral plexuses. 12. Discuss impairments that would result due to injury to the nervous system at various points 13. Trace the flow of blood through the systemic and pulmonary vasculature and explain the collateral circulation that allows blood to bypass an obstruction to flow. 14. Understand the histological differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries 15. Understand systemic, pulmonary, and portal vascular systems. 16. Recognize, describe and predict the consequence of anastomosis and collateral circulation, 17. Identify all thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera and describe their functions. 18. Describe the cutaneous innervation, fascia, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and special identifying and/or functional characteristics of all regions of the body. 19. Explain how alterations of normal anatomy can cause clinically apparent dysfunction, pathology, and disease. 20. Appreciate the interrelatedness of anatomy and physiology in maintaining homeostasis. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 2 of 13
Required Texts and Materials 1. Author(s): Keith L Moore MSc PhD FIAC FRSM FAAA, Anne M Agur BSc (OT), MSc, PhD, Arthur F Dalley PhD Publication Date: Feb 21, 2014 Edition: Fifth ISBN/ISSN: 9781451187496 2. Netter s Atlas, 5 th Ed. Saunders, 2008 a. Publisher: ICON Learning Systems; 3rd Edition (2004) b. ISBN-10: 1929007582 c. ISBN-13: 978-1929007585 Course Structure and Grade Computation Preparation Students are expected to watch and review all material on or before Thursday at 11:59 p.m. two days before class. The lectures will include a series of questions that will assist the professor in identifying areas students are having difficulty with. These areas will be in focus doing the classroom discussion. These assessment questions will be graded. It is expected that the watching and reviewing the reading will take approximately 5 hours per week. Classroom Students will work through a series of questions presented by the campus director. This work will be done in teams and students will enter their answers to those questions via the student response system, iclicker. The iclicker question will be graded. On class days there will also be a 1 to 2 hour lab. You will be expected to dissect, find and analysis the structures and / or areas listed in the syllabus. will be graded for attendance and a bonus will be awarded to the final grade for exceptional students. Exams There will be two exams: Exam 1 ------------ Sessions 1 4. The exam will be given on the Session 5 right after the lab. Exam II-------------Sessions 5 8. The exam will be given after Session 8 lab. All grades will be rounded up to the nearest 0.1 grade at the end of the course. (i.e. an 85.81% grade will be rounded to an 85.9%). KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 3 of 13
Grade breakdown: A+ >94% A 90% to 93.9% A- 86% to 89.9% B+ 81% to 85.9% B 77% to 81.9% B- 75% to 76.9% C+ 70% to 74.9% C 67% to 69.9% C- 64% to 66.9% D 55% to 63.9% F <54.9% KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 4 of 13
Review of sessions topics and hours Session Lecture Topic Video Hours 1 Introduction to: Anatomic Terminology, Gross Aspects of Connective Tissue & Musculoskeletal system 2 1 Basics of nervous, circulatory, lymphatic, integumentary and endocrine systems. 2 2 Vertebral columm, spinal cord & deep muscles of the back 2 2 Upper limb, osteology of upper limb, scapular region, deltoid region & pectoral region 2 3 Brachium, flexor compartment of the forearm & carpal tunnel of the hand 2 3 Extensor compartment & joints of the upper limb 2 4 Lower limb: Osteology of the lower limb, anterior and medial compartments of the thigh. 2.5 4 Gluteal region; posterior compartment of the thigh; anterior, lateral and posterior compartments of leg. 2.5 5 Thorax, thoracic cage & breast region 2 5 Lungs and pleura, mediastinum & heart 2 6 Head, temporal region, infra-temporal fossa, TMJ, scalp, face and parotid region 2.5 6 Osteology of skull, meninges, brain, ventricular system, crainal nerves, orbit 2.5 7 Abdomen begins, abdominal wall, inguinal canal, spermatic cord, scrotum, GI tract 5 8 Pelvic organs for the male and female, perineum of the male and female 3 Approximate video hours 34 Classroom hours 8 hours 16 Total course hours 58 Credits for course 4 KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 5 of 13
topics, objectives and labs Lecture Session 1 Date of Class Saturday the 14 of June 2014 Video Hours 4 Lecture Topic Introduction to: Anatomic Terminology, Gross Aspects of Connective Tissue & Musculoskeletal system Reading Pages 1-46 1 Describe the position of anatomic structures using appropriate terminology. 2 List the planes of the body and relate the movements that occur along these planes. 3 Distinguish between fascia, tendons and ligaments from each other and give an example of each. 4 List the bones of the body and designate whether they belong to axial or appendicular portions of the skeleton. 5 Understand the classes of joints, based on their structure and function. 6 Recognize the differences between types of muscles and their function. Lecture Topic Basics of nervous, circulatory, lymphatic, integumentary and endocrine systems. Reading Pages 1-46 1 Explain how actions produced by skeletal 4 List the different systems of the body and muscles are influenced by attachments explain their functions and reflect on their actions on joints. 2 Distinguish between the different types of nervous systems and their functions 3 Describe the Autonomic nervous system and explain various effects on bodily function. 1 Move the virtual cadaver into each plane 5 Find three different types of joints in the body 2 Identify fascia, tendons and ligaments in 6 Identify muscles based on their type the arm 3 Identify bones in the axial and appendicular 7 Assess how the skeletal muscles are skeleton attached to the bones in the axial skeleton 4 Find the spinal cord & Brain and peripheral nerves. Identify what part of the nervous system they belong to. and how this affects their function. 8 Dissect to find sympathetic ganglia along the spinal cord. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 6 of 13
Session 2 Date of Class Saturday the 21 of June 2014 Video Hours 4 Lecture Topic Vertebral column, spinal cord & deep muscles of the back Reading Chapters 4 & 6 1 Describe the parts of vertebrae. 4 Describe the subarachnoid space and express the clinical significance of where to perform a spinal tap. 2 el the parts of a spinal nerve. Recognize the different types of fibers a spinal nerve carries. 3 List the Meninges and recognize the spaces. 5 Analyze the composition of the IV disc and relate its wear and tear to clinical signs and symptoms. 6 Memorize the attachments of muscles of the back and discuss their actions. Lecture Topic Upper limb, osteology of upper limb, scapular region, deltoid region & pectoral region Reading Chapters 4 & 6 1 Identify all the bones of the upper limb. 4 Define the attachments of Pectoralis major Name the different regions of the back, and minor and analyze their actions. shoulder and chest. 2 Define the muscles of the shoulder and describe their function on the shoulder joint. 3 Analyze the significance of rotator cuff injuries. 1 Dissect out one vertebra from each region and identify the facet joint, body and pedicles 2 Dissect out a spinal nerve and identify each part. Draw a diagram of what you see on the virtual dissection 5 Identify the bones of the shoulder and upper limb 6 Identify the muscles of the shoulder and what the muscles of the rotator cuff. 3 Identify the three layers of the meninges 7 Dissect out the Pectoralis major and minor muscles. 4 Identify the muscles of the back and their attachments 8 Dissect out the intervertebral disk from C7 and T1. Describe why this section is unique. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 7 of 13
Session 3 Date of Class Saturday the 28 of June 2014 Video Hours 4 Lecture Topic Reading Chapter 6 1 Draw shape, boundaries and contents of the axilla. 2 Draw and label the roots, trunks, divisions, cords and peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus. 3 List the muscles of the brachium and describe their functions. 4 Memorize the attachments of all the muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm. 5 Define the carpal tunnel and list the 9 tendons and the nerve that travels through it. 6 Explain the signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Lecture Topic Extensor compartment & joints of the upper limb Reading Chapter 6 1 Discuss the unique movements that are 4 Examine the anatomy of these joints and possible at the hand. explain the mechanisms of injury. 2 List the muscles of the extensor compartment and discuss the nerve supply. 3 Classify the joints of the upper limb and discuss the movements that are possible at these joints. Brachium, flexor compartment of the forearm & carpal tunnel of the hand 1 Identify the boundaries and the contents of the axillar. 2 Identify the parts of the brachial plexus and dissect each major peripheral nerve from the plexus. 5 Identify the muscles of the hand and assess how the attachments affect function. 6 Identify the joints of the elbow, wrist and hand. Assess how these joints affect the range of movement in each joint. 3 Dissect the muscles of the brachium. 7 Examine the joints to identify possible injury to the joint. 4 Dissect and then identify the 9 tendons in the carpal tunnel. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 8 of 13
Session 4 Date of Class Saturday the 12 of July 2014 Video Hours 5 Lecture Topic Lower limb: Osteology of the lower limb, anterior and medial compartments of the thigh. Reading Chapter 5 1 List the bones of the lower limb 4 Summarize the actions of these muscles and identify nerve and blood supply. 2 List the muscles of the anterior and medial compartment and discuss their actions. 3 Identify the attachments of the Gluteal muscles and the hamstrings. Lecture Topic compartments of leg. Reading Chapter 5 1 Summarize the actions of these muscles and identify nerve and blood supply. Gluteal region; posterior compartment of the thigh; anterior, lateral and posterior 2 List the muscles of the anterior, lateral and posterior compartment of leg. 3 Discuss the blood supply and outline the nerve supply. 4 Classify the joints of the lower extremity and discuss the movements that are possible at these joints. 1 Dissect the bones of the lower limb 5 Dissect the blood and nerve supply to the muscles in the lower limb. 2 Dissect the muscles in the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh. 3 Locate where the gluteal muscles attach. 4 Locate where the hamstrings attach. 6 Remove the muscles from each joint in the lower extremity and assess how the joint functions. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 9 of 13
Session 5 Date of Class Saturday the 19 of July 2014 Video Hours 4 Lecture Topic Thorax, thoracic cage & breast region Reading Chapter 1 1 List the bones that make up the thoracic cage and briefly discuss their articulations. 2 Discuss the actions of the intercostal muscles 3 Recognize the glandular structure, blood supply and lymph drainage of the breast. Lecture Topic Lungs and pleura, mediastinum & heart Reading Chapter 1 1 Recognize the autonomic innervation of the lungs and evaluate the effects of lung function 2 Describe the special features found in each of the chambers of the heart. 4 Evaluate why and how lymph edema is a common problem in the treatment of breast cancer. 5 Discuss the differences between the right and left lung. 6 Examine the structures at the hilum. 5 Define the triangles of the neck and discuss its contents. 6 List the muscles in the suprahyoid and infra hyoid region and explain their actions. 3 Discuss the differences in the anatomy of an AV and semilunar valves. 4 Explain the coronary circulation and discuss coronary artery disease. 7 Describe the carotid sheath and list its contents. 1 Dissect the bones of the thoracic cage. 5 Identify the triangles of the neck and dissect out the artery, vein and nerve in the triangle. 2 Identify the intercostal muscles and the 6 Identify the suprahyoid and infrahyoid neurovascular bundle under the ribs. muscles 3 Identify the glandular structures in the 7 Dissect the carotid sheath and identify the thoracic cage. 4 Dissect the left and right lung and identify the differences in each lobe. contents 8 Dissect the heart and identify the valves, arteries and musculature. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 10 of 13
Session 6 Date of Class Saturday the 26 of July 2014 Video Hours 5 Lecture Topic Reading Head, temporal region, infra-temporal fossa, TMJ, scalp, face and parotid region Chapters 7 & 8 1 List the contents of the temporal and 5 List the layers of the scalp. infratemporal fossa. 2 Memorize the attachments of the muscles 6 List the muscles of facial expression and of mastication and describe their function. 3 Define the anatomy of the TMJ, and discuss the movements that are possible at this joint. 4 Recognize the parotid gland and its relationship to the facial nerve discuss their actions. 7 Identify the nerves that supply motor and sensory innervation to the face. Lecture Topic Reading Osteology of skull, meninges, brain, ventricular system, cranial nerves, orbit Chapters 7 & 8 1 List the bones that make up the skull. 8 Draw the ventricular system and explain the circulation of CSF. 2 Describe the anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa 9 List the 12 cranial nerves and describe the fibers that they carry. 3 Name the foramina in the base of the skull and list structures that pass through these 10 Identify their functions and predict the outcomes of cranial nerve injuries. foramina. 4.List the meninges and describe how the 11 List the cranial nerves that carry dural folds house the dural venous sinuses. 5 Describe the difference between actual spaces and potential spaces between Meninges and clinical significance. 6 Describe the functions of each lobe of the brain. 7 Describe midbrain, pons and medulla. parasympathetic fibers. 12 Describe the formation of the bony orbit. 13 List the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the eye and explain their movement. 1 Dissect the temporal and infratemporal 5 Dissect each lobe of the brain. fossa. 2 Identify the muscles of mastication. 6 Dissect the cranial nerves and identify which are parasymapathic 3 Dissect the parotid gland and localize the 7 Dissect the midbrain, pons and medulla facial nerve. 4 Dissect the bones of the skull. 8 Dissect the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the eye. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 11 of 13
Session 7 Date of Class Saturday the 2 of August 2014 Video Hours 5 Lecture Topic Abdomen begins, abdominal wall, inguinal canal, spermatic cord, scrotum, GI tract Reading Chapter 2 1 Recognize the layers of the anterolateral and posterior wall of the abdomen. 4 Explain the position of the organs in the abdominal quadrants. 2 Analyze how the inguinal canal was formed and recognize how the layers of the abdomen continue onto the spermatic cord and scrotum. 3 Sketch the digestive tract and follow it from the mouth to the anus. Lecture Topic Reading Chapter 2 1 4 2 3 1 Dissect the layers of the anterolateral and posterior wall of the abdomen. 2 Dissect the inguinal canal and continue along the spermatic cord and scrotum. 3 Dissect the digestive tract from mouth to anus. 4 Locate each organ in the abdominal region and identify what quadrant the organ is in. 5 List the muscles that make up the posterior abdominal wall and describe their action. 6 Define the formation of the lumbar plexus and list the nerves. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 12 of 13
Session 8 Date of Class Saturday the 9 of August 2014 Video Hours 3 Lecture Topic Reading Chapters 2 & 3 1 Outline the position of the pelvic organs in the normal anatomical position. Pelvic organs for the male and female, perineum of the male and female 2 Describe the parts of the pelvic organs and list the blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage. 3 Describe the anatomy of the male and female perineum. Explain the blood supply and lymphatic drainage of this area Reading 4 Explain the blood supply and lymphatic drainage of this area 1 Dissect the pelvic organs 5 Dissect the blood supply and lymphatic drainage in the perineum. 2 Identify the pelvic organs and dissect the blood & nerve supple. 3 Dissect the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic region. 4 Describe and dissect the male and female perineum. KGI Anatomy Syllabus Page 13 of 13