LIFE PROCESSES TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS

1 LIFE PROCESSES TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS I. Multiple choice questions: Tick ( ) the correct choice. 1. Human heart has (a) one auricle and one ventricle (b) two auricles and one ventricle (c) two auricles and two ventricles (d) one auricle and two ventricles 2. The blood cells which are carriers of oxygen are (a) RBCs (b) platelets (c) WBCs (d) all the above Ans. (a) 3. The blood cells which protect the body from infection are (a) RBCs (b) platelets (c) WBCs (d) all the above 4. The four blood groups in humans are (a) A, B, C and D (b) A, B, AB and C (c) A, B, AB and O (d) A, B, AB and OO 5. Movement of water in the plant body takes place through (a) xylem (b) vascular tissues (c) phloem (d) stomata Ans. (a) 6. Prepared food material is carried through (a) xylem (b) vascular tissues (c) phloem (d) stomata 7. Water from the soil enters the root xylem by the process of (a) diffusion (b) evaporation (c) osmosis (d) transpiration Ans. (d) 8. The heart beat is measured by an instrument called (a) thermometer (b) sphygmomanometer (c) stethoscope (d) none of the above Biology Class VIII 1 Question Bank

9. Nucleus is present in (a) RBCs (b) WBCs (c) blood platelets (d) all the above Ans. (b) 10. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood (a) away from the heart (b) to the heart (c) both (d) none of these Ans. (a) 11. Pulmonary vein carries (a) deoxygenated blood (b) oxygenated blood (c) lymph (d) none Ans. (b) 12. The blood group which is called universal recipient (a) A (b) AB (c) B (d) O Ans. (b) 13. Wall of arteries are (a) thin and muscular (b) thick and muscular (c) single cell thick (d) thin and valved Ans. (b) 14. Valves prevent blood from (a) entering the heart (b) leaving the heart (c) flowing backward in the heart (d) flowing forward in the heart 15. Blood cells responsible for clotting are (a) RBCs (b) WBCs (c) blood platelets (d) all of these 16. The finest blood vessels are (a) veins (b) arteries (c) aorta (d) capillaries Ans. (d) 17. Blood cells without nucleus are (a) RBCs (b) WBCs (c) blood platelets (d) all of these Ans. (a) Biology Class VIII 2 Question Bank 2

18. The only artery which carries deoxygenated blood is (a) aorta (b) pulmonary artery (c) superior vena cava (d) inferior vena cava Ans. (b) 19. The artery which supplies blood to all parts of the body is (a) pulmonary artery (b) superior vena cava (c) inferior vena cava (d) aorta Ans. (d) 20. Capillary is a/an (a) broad tube (b) artery with thick wall (c) vein with large lumen (d) narrow tube made up of endothelium only Ans. (d) II. Fill in the blanks. 1. Water passes into a root by the process called.... 2. Osmosis occurs through a... membrane. 3. Movement of water occurs from a... solution into a... solution in osmosis. 4. Water is lost from the leaves by.... 5. Upward movement of water takes place through.... 6. In human body, heart is located on the... side of the chest cavity. 7. The blood vessels which carry blood from the heart to different parts of the body are called.... 8.... carry pure blood. 9. The red-coloured pigment present in RBCs is called.... 10. The fluid part of blood is called.... 11. Pus contains... and.... 12. The largest artery in the body is the.... 13. The two upper chambers of the heart are called.... 14. The two lower chambers of the heart are called.... 15. The clear, colourless, liquid part of the blood is called.... 16. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the... to the.... Biology Class VIII 3 Question Bank

17. A person suffering from... has few... in his blood. 18. Red blood cells are formed in the.... 19.... are the blood vessels which carry blood towards the heart. 20. The stretching and relaxing of arteries with each heartbeat felt as throbbing is called.... 21. Blood cells which fight against infection are.... 22. Oxygenated blood is found on the... side of the heart. 23.... tissue is involved in transportation of food in plants. 24. The blood loaded with the carbon dioxide from the body comes into the... of the heart. 25. The carbon dioxide loaded blood from the right ventricle is pumped into the lungs through... artery. Ans. 1. Osmosis 2. Partially permeable 3. Weaker, Stronger 4. Stomata 5. Xylem 6. Left 7. Arteries 8. Arteries 9. Haemoglobin 10. Plasma 11. Destroyed tissue cells, Erythrocytes 12. Aorta 13. Auricles 14. Ventricles 15. Plasma 16. Heart, Lungs 17. Infection, WBCs 18. Bone marrow 19. Veins 20. Pulse 21. White blood corpuscles 22. Left 23. Phloem 24. Right auricle 25. Pulmonary. III. Write true or false in front of the statements given below: 1. In Spirogyra, transport of materials take place through osmosis. 2. Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues. 3. Girdling experiment demonstrates food synthesis in plants. 4. Platelets help in clotting of blood. 5. The four blood groups in human beings are A, B, AB and AO. 6. People with blood group O are called universal recipients. 7. Blood group A has antigen A. 8. Impure blood is received by the right auricle. 9. The solid part of blood is called plasma. Biology Class VIII 4 Question Bank 4

10. Leucocytes are larger than erythrocytes and contain haemoglobin. 11. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form carboxyhaemoglobin. 12. Veins connect arteries with capillaries. 13. Heart is enclosed by a single membrane called pericardium. 14. Impure blood is received by the right auricle. 15. Walls of auricles are thinner than the walls of ventricles. Ans. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. F 10. T 11. T 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. T IV. A. Match the statements in Column A with those in Column B. Column A Column B 1. Heart (a) Movement of materials 2. Food and oxygen (b) Pipes for transport in man 3. Carrier of oxygen (c) A living pump 4. Circulation (d) Materials needed by every living being 5. Arteries and veins (e) Red blood cells Ans. A. 1. c 2. d 3. e 4. a 5. b B. Match the column I with column II. Column I Column II 1. Universal Donor (a) Platelets 2. Blood Clotting (b) Heart 3. Rhessus factor (c) Veins 4. Vessel with valves (d) Rh factor 5. S-A node (e) O group Ans. B. 1. e 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. b V. Describe the function of the following: 1. Heart Ans. Heart acts as a pumping organ. It pumps blood to all the body organs. 2. Blood vessels Ans. Blood vessels carry blood from heart to different organs and also carry blood from different organs to heart. So they act as Biology Class VIII 5 Question Bank

channel between heart and different body organs. 3. Red blood cells Ans. Red blood cells have a red pigment called haemoglobin. Due to this pigment, RBCs act as a oxygen carrier from lungs to different body organs and also take in carbon dioxide from different body organs to lungs. 4. White blood cells Ans. These cells act as soldiers for body because they engulf viruses and bacteria in the body. 5. Platelets Ans. These blood cells help in blood clotting. VI. Answer the following Question. 1. Name the main parts of the circulatory system. Ans. Circulatory system is mainly composed of three parts (i) Heart (pumping system) (ii) Blood vessels (Arteries & Vains) (iii) Blood (blood cells & plasma) 2. Name the organ from which oxygenated blood goes into the heart. Ans. Lungs are the organs from which oxygenated blood goes into the heart with the help of haemoglobin. 3. Name the two aspects of transport in higher plants. Ans. In higher plants theee are some vascular tissues through which transportation of food and water occur. These vascular tissues consists of two tube-like structures called xylem and phloem. 4. How does transport of materials take place in unicellular plants? Ans. In unicellular plants like Chlamydomonas, transport of material takes place by a process called diffusion. It is a major method of transport in unicellular plants. 5. What are root hairs? Mention the function performed by root hairs. Ans. Root hairs are the microscopic, unicellular structures. These hairs develope from epidermis. Biology Class VIII 6 Question Bank 6

Root hairs greatly increase the surface area for the absorption of water and minerals. 6. How does movement and absorption of water take place through root? Ans. In plants, movement of water and minerals from roots to stems takes place through a conducting tissue called xylem. Water and minerals in roots are absorbed by root hairs from the soil. And in these root hairs water passes by a process called osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecule from high concentration region to low concentration region through a partially permeable membrane. Osmosis in plant cells. In plants, water absorb through root hairs by the process of osmosis. Cell membrane of the plant cell is partially permeable membrane and the cell sap inside the cell is a strong solution. Due to this strong solution, water enters in the cell through partially permeable membrane by the process of osmosis. Now this cell sap is weaker than the second cell. Again osmosis takes place between these cells and this process is going on. 7. Name the process by which water loss takes place through leaves. Ans. Transpiration is the process by which loss of water takes place. 8. Mention the significance of transpiration. Ans. Transpiration is a necessary evil because there is loss of water in the form of water vapour. But it also has many significance which are as follows: (i) Transpiration stream. When water is lost through leaves in the form of water vapour than water is sucked up from the xylem vessels and xylem vessels from roots. So, there is a continuous flow of water from roots to leaves. This movement of water is called transpiration stream. (ii) Transport of salts. With the absorption of water some Biology Class VIII 7 Question Bank

mineral salts are also absorbed and carried from root to leaves. (iii) Cooling. Due to rapid transpiration of water from leaf surface and the consequent absorption of latent heat from the leaf tissue help in keeping the temperature low. 9. List important functions of the blood. Ans. Functions of blood. (i) The major function of blood is to carry oxygen with the help of haemoglobin from lung tissues to other tissues. (ii) It carries food and vitamins in dissolved form with the help of plasma. (iii) It carries nitrogenous waste products from tissues to excretory organs. (iv) It regulates the body temperature by distributing the heat equally. (v) It also protects body against bacterial infection by supplying leucocytes (WBCs) when needed. 10. How do the red blood corpuscles differ from other cells of the body? Ans. Red blood corpuscles (RBCs) are non-nucleated cells (unlike other cells). These cells are also have a oxygen-carrying pigment haemoglobin, which is red in colour. This pigment carries oxygen from lungs to other tissues. 11. How does blood clot? Name a disease in which the blood fails to clot. Ans. The production of a mass of semisolid material at the site of injury that prevents the further loss of blood is called blood clotting. At the site of wound, a network is formed of a substance called fibrin. Fibrin is formed from a substance called fibrinogen. Fibrinogen reacts with thrombin which is produced by platelets and form fibrin. Calcium is also an important factor which is required in blood clotting. Biology Class VIII 8 Question Bank 8

Haemophilia is a genetic disease in which blood clotting does not occur. It has been called the royal disease because it suddenly showed up as a genetic mutation in Queen Victoria of Britain. 12. Give the important differences between arteries and veins. Ans. Difference between arteries and veins. Arteries Veins (1) These are blood vessels that (1) These are the blood vessels carry blood from heart to that carry blood from different body organs. different organs of the body to heart. (2) Arteries carry oxygenated (2) Veins carry de-oxygenated blood except pulmonary blood except pulmonary artery. vein. (3) Arteries are made of thick (3) Veins are made of thin and and elastic wall. less elastic wall. (4) Arteries are deep in the (4) Veins are present towards body. the surface of the body. 13. What are the functions of heart? Ans. In mammals, heart is four-chembered and it acts as a pumping organ in the body. It receives deoxygenated blood from various organs of the body and pump oxygenated blood to various organs of the body. 14. What first aid you would give to a patient suffering from haemorrhage? Ans. Haemorrhage means excessive bleeding. In case of haemorrhage, we should tie a bandage over the bleeding part, towards the heat, so that bleeding can be minimised. In case of arms or legs, a ligature can be used. A rubber band or a handkirchief can be used as ligature. 15. What is the function of haemoglobin in the blood? Ans. Function of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is a red pigment and Biology Class VIII 9 Question Bank

consists of protein and iron. It is an oxygen-carrying pigment and carry oxygen from lungs to different organs and it also carries carbon dioxide from different organs to lungs. 16. What is the composition of blood? Ans. Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells. (i) Red Blood Cells (RBCs) (ii) White Blood Cells (WBCs) (iii) Platelets 17. State where oxygen and carbon dioxide enter the blood stream and where they leave it. Ans. From lungs oxygen enters into the blood stream with the help of haemoglobin. Carbon dioxide released from different body organs enter into the blood stream and leave out with the help of lungs. 18. Name a vein which carries oxygenated blood and an artery which carries deoxygenated blood. Ans. All the arteries have oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery which has deoxygenated blood. All the veins have deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein which has oxygenated blood. 19. What is the function of valve in the heart? Ans. The valve in the heart allows the blood to flow in one direction only that is, from the auricles into the ventricles, and not back from the ventricles. 20. Which blood cells can be called as the soldiers of the body? Ans. WBCs are called the soldiers of the body because they protect the body from infection by ingesting foreign bodies like bacteria and viruses. 21. What prevents the blood from going in the wrong direction in the heart? Ans. In heart, valves are present which allow the blood to flow only in one direction, not in wrong direction. Biology Class VIII 10 Question Bank 10

22. What are four blood groups? On what basis they are formed? Ans. There are four types of blood group: A, B, AB, and O Blood group are based on the basis of antigens. For example, Blood group A has antigen A Blood group B has antigen B Blood group AB has both antigen A & B Blood group O has neither antigen A nor B. 23. Why a person with blood group O is called a universal donor and a person with blood group AB called a universal recipient? Ans. A person with blood group O is called universal donor because RBCs of blood group O have no antigens. A person with blood group AB is called universal recipient because it has no antibodies. 24. What is the relationship between the rate of heart beat and pulse rate? Ans. Rate of pulse is directly proportional to rate of heart beat. The stretching and relaxing of the arteries with each heart beat is felt as a throbbing called pulse. 25. Why does rate of heart beat increase after running? Ans. After running, heart beat increases because during running we require more oxygen. To complete the demand of oxygen the heart has to pump more blood. Due to this reason, heart beat increases. 26. What is lymph? How is it different from blood? Ans. When blood reaches at the capillaries, some of the water and dissolved solutes are filtered out from blood plasma into tissue spaces and form tissue fluid. Some of the tissue fluid entre into lymph vessels which is called lymph. Lymph has all the elements of the blood except RBCs and blood platelets. Biology Class VIII 11 Question Bank

27. What is transpiration? Ans. Transpiration is the loss of water from leaves in the form of vapour into the atmosphere. It is a necessary evil. 28. What is translocation? Ans. Translocation is the movement of food molecules formed during photosynthesis throughout the plant through phloem. 29. Define wilting. Ans. During transpiration, when water is absorbed more quickly than their absorption rate then plant cell will lose water. In this condition, the leaves, the stem and the flowers will drop. This condition is called wilting. 30. What is active transportation of minerals? Ans. The movement of minerals through membranes in living cells, often against a concentration gradient is called active transportation of minerals. This process requires energy. Although, minerals are transported through xylem to all parts of the plants. **** Biology Class VIII 12 Question Bank 12