SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY SKOOL VIR BIOLOGIESE WETENSKAPPE DEPARTEMENT FISIOLOGIE FLG 212 Examination Eksamen Date / Datum: 5 June/Junie 2007 Time / Tyd: 90 min Internal examiner(s) / Interne eksaminator(e): External examiner(s) / Eksterne eksaminator(e): Dr M Coetzee Prof Leon Hay (MEDUNSA) Dr P du Toit TOTAL: 100 marks / TOTAAL: 100 punte GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS / ALGEMENE INSTRUKSIES No cell phones, books or study material may be brought into the examination venue. Geen selfone, boeke of studiemateriaal mag die eksamenlokaal binnegebring word nie. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS / SPESIALE INSTRUKSIES Answer all the questions. The paper consists of SIX (6) pages. Beantwoord al die vrae. Die vraestel bestaan uit SES (6) bladsye. Please sign the first page of the question paper and initial the subsequent pages. Hand in the question paper together with your answers. Answer Section A and B in an examination answer book Answer Section C on a computer form. Select one answer only for each question and mark the circle with the corresponding letter on the computer form clearly. Use a pencil only. Teken asseblief die eerste bladsy van die vraestel en parafeer op die daaropvolgende bladsye. Handig die vraestel tesame met u antwoorde in. Beantwoord Afdeling A en B in n eksamenantwoordboek. Beantwoord Afdeling C op n rekenaarvorm. Kies net een antwoord vir elke vraag en kleur die sirkel met die ooreenstemmende letter op die rekenaarvorm in. Gebruik net n potlood. - 1 -
AFDELING/SECTION A: VRAAG/QUESTION 1 Lys die drie tipes plasmaproteïene in volgorde van voorkoms in die plasma (vanaf laagste tot hoogste konsentrasie) en gee ten minste een funksie van elk. List the three types of plasma proteins in order of prevalence (from lowest concentration to highest concentration) and name at least one function of each. (6) VRAAG/QUESTION 2 Beskryf skematies die afbraak van verslete rooibloedselle. Describe schematically the breakdown of worn red blood cells. (6) VRAAG/QUESTION 3 Beskryf die meganisme van die allergiese reaksie. Describe the mechanism of the allergic reaction. (4) VRAAG/QUESTION 4 Verduidelik die belang van vit B12 en intrinsieke faktor vir normale eritropoiëse. Explain the importance of vit B12 and intrinsic factor for normal erythropoiesis. (2) VRAAG/QUESTION 5 Waarom is bloedstolling abnormaal by pasiënte met n vitamien K-gebrek? Why is blood clotting abnormal in patients with a vitamin K deficiency? (1) VRAAG/QUESTION 6 Watter vitamien verbeter ysterabsorpsie uit die spysverteringskanaal? Which vitamin enhances iron absorption in the gut? (1) VRAAG/QUESTION 7 Noem die meganismes wat normaalweg intravaskulêre stolling teëwerk. List the mechanisms that normally limit intravascular clotting. (5) VRAAG/QUESTION 8 Identifiseer die verskillende tipes witbloedselle en verduidelik kortliks elkeen se rol ten opsigte van liggaamsbeskerming. Identify the different types of white blood cells and briefly describe the function of each regarding body protection. (10) AFDELING/SECTION B: VRAAG/QUESTION 9 Gebruik n diagram om die verwantskap tussen die hart, longe en weefsel te illustreer. Use a diagramme to illustrate the relationship between the heart, lungs and tissues. VRAAG/QUESTION 10 Beskryf die komponente van die intrinsieke geleidingstelsel van die hart. Describe the components of the intrinsic conducting system of the heart. Subtotaal/ Sub total : 35 (8) (6) - 2 -
VRAAG/QUESTION 11 Vergelyk aksiepotensiaal in kontraktiele en spesiale kardiosiete. Compare action potential in contractile and autorhythmic cells. VRAAG/QUESTION 12 Bespreek die faktore wat kardiale omset beïnvloed. Discuss the factors influencing cardiac output. VRAAG/QUESTION 13 Noem die struktuur verskille tussen arteries en venes. Name the structural differences between arteries and veins. VRAAG/QUESTION 14 Noem en bespreek die sistemiese pad van bloed deur bloedvate Name and discuss the systemic pathway of blood through vessels. VRAAG/QUESTION 15 Noem die faktore wat edeem veroorsaak. Name the factors which cause oedema. (10) (10x½) (8x½) (12) (5) Subtotaal/Sub total : 50 AFDELING/SECTION C: 1. n Moontlike oorsaak van hiperosmotiese (hipertoniese) dehidrasie is A possible cause of hyperosmotic (hypertonic) dehydration is A brandwonde / skin burns. B Addison se siekte / Addison's disease. C langdurige koors / persistent fever. D langdurige diarree / persistent diarrhoea. E bloeding / haemorrhage. 2. Watter een van die volgende bloedwaardes val binne die normale volwasse reikwydtes? Which one of the following blood values is within the normal adult ranges? A Hematokrit: 60% Haematocrit: 60% B Bloedplaatjies: 300 x 10 6 /µl Blood platelets: 300 x 10 6 /µl C Witbloedtelling: 12 x 10 3 /µl White blood count: 12 x 10 3 /µl D Hemoglobien: 14 g/dl Haemoglobin: 14 g/dl E Eritrosiet sedimentasie spoed (ESR): 20 mm/h Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): 20 mm/h 3. Die primêre funksie van die rooibloedselle is om The primary function of red blood cells is to A bloedvolume te handhaaf / maintain blood volume. B te help met bloedstolling / help blood to clot. C immuniteit teen siektes te verskaf / provide immunity against diseases. D debri op te ruim na infeksie / clean up debris following infection. E suurstof te lewer aan liggaamselle / deliver oxygen to the cells of the body. - 3 -
4. Normale eritrosiete (rooibloedselle) Normal erythrocytes (red blood cells) A het n lewensduur van 90 tot 120 dae / have a life-span of 90 to 120 days. B besit n kern / contain a nucleus. C het normaalweg n konsentrasie van 5 x 10 6 /liter bloed. normally are present at a concentration of 5 x 10 6 /liter blood. D is rigiede bikonkawe skyfies / are rigid biconcave discs. E sintetiseer hemoglobien gedurende hul lewensduur. synthesize haemoglobin throughout their lifespan. 5. Rooibloedselproduksie word gereguleer deur eritopoiëtien, wat hoofsaaklik gesekreteer word deur selle in die Red blood cell production is regulated by erythropoietin, which is secreted mainly by cells in the A rooibeenmurg / red bone marrow. B lewer / liver. C niere / kidneys. D hart / heart. E bloedvate / blood vessels. 6. n Bloedmonster van n volwasse vrou is ondersoek en die volgende inligting is verkry: A blood sample of an adult female was examined and the following information obtained Rooibloedseltelling / Red blood cell count 5,8 x 10 12 /liter Hemoglobien / Haemoglobin 11,0 g/dl Gemidelde korpuskulêre volume (GKV) 70 fl Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Gemiddelde korpuskulêre hemoglobien (GKH) 19 pg Mean corpuscular haemoglobin(mch) Retikulosiete / Reticulocytes 6% Die diagnose is: The diagnosis is: A hipochromiese, normositiese anemie hypochromic, normocytic anaemia B hipochromiese, makrositiese anemie hypochromic, macrocytic anaemia C hipochromiese, mikrositiese anemie hypochromic, microcytic anaemia D normochromiese, mikrositiese anemie normochromic, microcytic anaemia E normochromiese, normositiese anemie normochromic, normocytic anaemia 7. Ondoeltreffende bloedstolling word mees waarskynlik veroorsaak deur n gebrek aan Inadequate blood clotting would most likely be caused by a lack of A fibrinogeen / fibrinogen. B globuliene / globulins. C eritropoïetien / erythropoietin. D agglutinasie / agglutination. E intrinsieke factor / intrinsic factor. - 4 -
8. Hierdie ioon is n belangrike koëfaktor in bloedstolling: This ion is an important cofactor in blood clotting: A Na + B K + C Mg 2+ D Ca 2+ E HCO 3-9. Die eerste linie van sellulêre beskerming teen patogene is die The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the A T limfosiete / T lymphocytes. B B limfosiete / B lymphocytes. C Natuurlike moordselle / Natural killer cells. D Plasmaselle / Plasma cells. E Fagosiete / Phagocytes. 10. Rangskik die volgende ontwikkelingstadia van die rooibloedsel in die korrekte volgorde vanaf die minste tot die mees volwasse Arrange the following stages of the red blood cell in the correct order from least to most mature. 1. Eritrosiet / Erythrocyte 2. Gerigte stamsel / Committed stem cell 3. Retikulosiet / Reticulocyte 4. Eritroblast / Erythroblast A 1, 3, 4, 2 B 2, 4, 3, 1 C 4, 2, 3, 1 D 2, 3, 1, 4 E 2, 3, 4, 1 11. n Persoon met bloedgroep A het A person with blood group A has A A teenliggame op sy rooibloedselle / A antibodies on his red blood cells. B A teenliggame in sy plasma / A antibodies in his plasma. C B teenliggame op sy rooibloedselle / B antibodies on his red blood cells. D B teenliggame in sy plasma / B antibodies in his plasma. E die vermoë om AB bloedselle te ontvang. the ability to receive AB blood cells. 12. Bloedplaatjies word in die beenmurg gevorm vanaf selle bekend as Platelets are formed from cells in the bone marrow known as A eritroblaste / erythroblasts. B megakariosiete / megakaryocytes. C retikulosiete / reticulocytes. D miëloblaste / myeloblasts. E limfosiete / lymphocytes. 13. Stollingsfaktore word hoofsaaklik gesintetiseer deur Clotting factors are synthesised mainly by the A lewer / liver. B bloedplaatjies / blood platelets. C plasma. D limfosiete / lymphocytes. E beenmurg / bone marrow. - 5 -
14. Selle wat help om die immuunrespons te reguleer is Cells that help to regulate the immune response are A plasmaselle / plasma cells. B B limfosiete / B lymphocytes. C sitotoksiese T selle / cytotoxic T cells. D natuurlike moordselle / natural killer cells. E T hulpselle / helper T cells. 15. n Vloeistofmonster bevat n groot hoeveelheid van die IgA tipe teenliggaam. Die vloeistof is waarskynlik A fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA type antibody. This fluid is probably A bloed / blood. B trane / tears. C limf / lymph. D serum E intrasellulêre vloeistof / intracellular fluid. Subtotaal/Sub total : 15-6 -