Tissues: Four classes Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous Tissues are: group of similar or identical cells that share a common function. used to build organs Overview: Epithelial o Line body cavities o Cover free surfaces o Including ducts and glands o Tightly connected to each other o Exposed to a space on their free surface o Tightly connected to deeper tissue with a glue-like membrane called the basement membrane o **best function is absorption, secretion and protection Muscle o Provide movement for the body o Contain fibers made up of myosin and actin protein filaments Nervous o Conduct electrical impulses o Composed of one cell type the neuron o Neurons have Nucleus Several dendrites One or several axons o Normal pathway follows: Dendrite to Cell body to Axon Produces a substance called a neurotransmitter Allows impulse to jump o Neuron to neuron o Neuron to muscle o Neuron to gland o classified by function and structure
function sensory motor association structure unipolar bipolar multipolar What you see microscopically is specific neurons (rather than tissues as in the other three classes)
Epithelial Tissue: has a free edge packed end to end avascular has nerve supply Specific Location Function (at that site) General Comments Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Lungs alveoli Capillaries, ear cochlea, heart lining, serous membranes Kidney tubules, glands, ducts and anterior lens of the eye Rapid exchange: Diffusion, osmosis and filtration Rapid exchange: Secretion and absorption Fried egg scale like, saran wrap thin, joined end to end, low wear and tear Round nuclei Secretion of mucus, sweat, etc. Simple Columnar GI Tract from stomach to anus, ducts, glands and gall bladder Secrete and absorb Oval nuclei, contain microvilli (small hairs) and goblet cells. + surf. Area Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Skin, mouth, vagina, esophagus, and eye Ducts of adult sweat glands, male urethra Protect Protection Several layer, great wear, deep cell. Can be cuboidal/columnar. Keratinzed = skin, nonkeratinized = mouth, esophagus, vagina, tongue Cicular nucleus Stratified Columnar Submandibular salivery gland and male urethra. Anal mucous membrane Protect and secrete Columnar only in superficial layer. Deep layers all different shapes = polyhedral Transitional Baler, ureters, urethra Distention Squamous to cuboidal in shape, able to stretch Ciliated Columnar Upper respiratory tract, fallopian tubes, central canal of spinal cord Moves fluids or particles along a pathway via cilliary action Have goblet cells, have cilia, make ovum move down fallopian tube
Connective Tissues Specific Location Function General Comments Areolar Adipose Dense Regular Collagenous Dense Regular Elastic Dense Irregular Elastic Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type of cartilage) Subcutaneous layer of skin around organs Subcutaneous layer of skin, kidneys, joints and eyes Framework of liver, spleen and lymph nodes Tendons and ligaments Lung tissue, walls of arteries, trachea and bronchial tubes Ends of long bones, rib ends, nose, larynx, trachea Strength, elasticity, support Reduce heat loss, emergency reserve, support, protect Strong attachments between structures Allows stretching Support Fibrocartilage Pubic symphasis, vertebral discs and knee menisci Support Elastic Cartilage Epiglottis, external Support and shape ear, Eustachian tubes Bone Everywhere Support, protect, store and hematapoesis Blood Within blood vessels Transport gasses, phagocytosis and allergic rxn Collagen, elastic, reticular, fibroblast, macrophage, plasma Adipocytes, store triglycerides Mostly collagen fibers, fibroblasts between bundles Elastic fibers, fibroblasts Bluish with shiny collagen fibers with chondrocytes Chondrocytes among collagen Chondrocytes and elastic fibers Haversion system, lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes Plasma, platelets and WBC s
MUSCLE SPECIFIC LOCATION FUNCTION GENERAL COMMENTS SKELETAL Attached to bone Motion, posture, heat Striated, light and dark bands. Many nuclei in fiber(s) CARDIAC Walls of heart Pump blood to all parts of body Striated, involuntary, usually only one fiber per nuclei SMOOTH Constrict blood vessels, break down food, move foods and fluids Found in walls of vessels, airway stomach, intestine, gall bladder and urinary bladder Involuntary, nonstriated, one nucleus
NERVOUS Neurons: Sensory Motor Unipolar Bipolar Multipolar Parts of the neuron include Nerve:
NERVOUS Neurons: Have the ability to respond to stimuli and convert tem into nerve impulse(s). A nerve impulse is a tiny electrical/chemical current. Sensory (afferent) toward brain or cord Motor (efferent) away from brain or cord Unipolar Bipolar Multipolar Parts of the neuron include the axon, dendrite and cell body. These are labeled A, D and C above. Nerve: bundle of many nerve fibers in the nervous system