Name: Class: Date: Bacteria to Plants: Chapter 2: Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Please use capital letters: A, B, C, or D. 1. Many bacterial diseases can be cured using a. toxins. b. endospores. c. viruses. d. antibiotics. 2. What important role do bacteria called decomposers play? a. They return basic chemicals to the environment. b. They slow down food spoilage. c. They kill harmful bacteria. d. They produce vitamins. 3. Which phrase describes the size of virus particles? a. smaller than cells b. slightly larger than cells c. the same size as cells d. much larger than cells 4. Which shape describes some bacterial cells? a. cube-shaped b. bullet-shaped c. spiral d. robotlike 5. Endospores form during a. binary fission. b. sunlight hours. c. respiration. d. harsh environmental conditions. 6. What directly provides energy for a virus? a. food b. its host c. the sun d. a parasite 7. Viruses are considered to be nonliving because they a. cannot multiply. b. use energy to grow. c. are smaller than bacteria. d. do not show all the characteristics of life. 8. The process of breaking down food to release its energy is called a. conjugation. b. respiration. c. binary fission. d. nutrition. 1
Name: 9. Which statement about a virus s coat is NOT true? a. It protects the virus. b. It contains protein. c. It contains genetic material. d. It helps the virus attach to its host. 10. Which of the following is NOT a role of bacteria that live in human bodies? a. digesting food b. competing for space with disease-causing bacteria c. making vitamins d. fixing nitrogen 11. You have a cold, but your doctor will not give you an antibiotic, because a. antibiotics do not kill viruses. b. colds are not infectious. c. antibiotics make colds worse. d. antibiotics provide bacteria with food. 12. The genetic material of a virus is found in its a. coat. b. core. c. coat and core. d. nucleus. 13. Which infectious disease is NOT transmitted by an animal bite? a. encephalitis b. rabies c. botulism d. Lyme disease 14. Heterotrophic bacteria obtain food by a. capturing the sun s energy. b. using the energy from chemicals in their environment. c. consuming autotrophs and other heterotrophs. d. helping autotrophs make food. 15. Which of the following statements does NOT describe an active virus? a. It attaches to the host cell. b. It takes over the host cell s functions. c. It hides in the host cell. d. It destroys the host cell. 16. Which disease can be contracted by inhaling infected droplets? a. tetanus b. rabies c. flu d. Lyme disease 17. Which virus is named for the organism that it infects? a. Ebola virus b. smallpox virus c. bacteriophage d. Epstein-Barr virus 2
Name: 18. A virus s proteins are important because they a. contain genetic material. b. make new virus particles. c. provide energy for the virus. d. help the virus attach to its host. 19. Which of the following is an example of indirect contact that spreads some infectious diseases? a. touching an infected person b. animal bites c. hugging an infected person d. inhaling infected drops of moisture 20. What characteristic of viruses makes them useful in gene therapy? a. their ability to enter cells b. their ability to remain inactive for a long time c. their inability to multiply in cells d. their inability to take over the functions of host cells 21. Why are viruses like parasites? a. They harm the cells they enter. b. They multiply. c. They use their own energy to develop. d. They make their own food. 22. A hidden virus a. cannot attach to a host cell. b. becomes part of the host cell s genetic material. c. immediately takes over the cell s functions. d. attaches to but does not enter the cell. 23. Which of the following stimulates a person s body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria? a. antibiotic b. vaccine c. toxin d. endospore 24. Which of the following structures are always found in bacterial cells? a. nuclei b. ribosomes c. flagella d. coats 25. The best treatment for most viral infections is a. an over-the-counter medication. b. a vaccine. c. an antibiotic. d. bed rest. 3
Name: 26. Binary fission is the bacterial process of a. asexual reproduction. b. obtaining food. c. producing energy. d. forming endospores. 27. How does a vaccine work? a. It activates the body s natural defenses. b. It weakens the cell walls of bacteria, causing the cells to burst. c. It treats the symptoms of an infection. d. It attacks antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 28. The term antibiotic resistant refers to bacteria that a. are resistant to a vaccine. b. survive in the presence of an antibiotic. c. are weakened and destroyed by antibiotics. d. are dead or altered. 29. Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells? a. cell membrane b. nucleus c. genetic material d. flagella 30. What process results in genetically different bacteria? a. binary fission b. respiration c. conjugation d. asexual reproduction Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 31. Many over-the-counter can help relieve symptoms of a viral infection. 32. Bacteria that survive in the presence of an antibiotic are said to be to the antibiotic. 33. Some bacteria move by using a long, whiplike structure called a(n). 34. Although viruses are nonliving, they act like because they harm the cells in which they multiply. 35. Autotrophic bacteria either use the sun s energy to make food or break down in their environment. 36. Bacteria in swellings on the roots of peanut plants convert gas from the air into compounds that the plants need to grow. 37. Like all organisms, bacteria need a constant supply of to carry out their life functions. 38. A virus s _ contains the instructions for making new viruses. 39. A(n) is a substance that stimulates the body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria. 4
Name: 40. A virus that begins to multiply immediately after it enters a cell is called a(n) virus. 41. Infectious diseases are spread by contact with contaminated people and objects, with animals, and with _. 42. Bacterial cells contain structures called, which are chemical factories where proteins are produced. 43. When bacteria reproduce by, one cell divides to form two identical cells. 44. A virus can multiply only when it is inside a living. 45. Illnesses that pass from one organism to another are called diseases. 46. Some bacteria are called because they break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals. 47. Some bacteria cause diseases by producing poisons known as. 48. The ability to is the only characteristic that viruses share with living organisms. 49. Bacteria are called because their genetic material is not contained in nuclei. 50. The shape of the on a virus s coat allows the virus to attach to certain cells. 5
Bacteria to Plants: Chapter 2: Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: D DIF: L1 REF: p. A-62 OBJ: A.2.3.2 STO: 3.2.8.G.d 2. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-56 OBJ: A.2.2.4 STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a 3. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. A-42 OBJ: A.2.1.1 4. ANS: C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-50 OBJ: A.2.2.1 5. ANS: D DIF: L3 REF: p. A-53 OBJ: A.2.2.3 STO: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b, 3.3.8.C.b 6. ANS: B DIF: L3 REF: p. A-41 OBJ: A.2.1.1 7. ANS: D DIF: L1 REF: p. A-41 OBJ: A.2.1.1 8. ANS: B DIF: L1 REF: p. A-51 OBJ: A.2.2.2 9. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. A-43 OBJ: A.2.1.2 10. ANS: D DIF: L3 REF: p. A-57 OBJ: A.2.2.4 STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a 11. ANS: A DIF: L3 REF: p. A-64 OBJ: A.2.3.2 STO: 3.2.8.G.d 12. ANS: B DIF: L1 REF: p. A-43 OBJ: A.2.1.2 13. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. A-53, p. A-61 OBJ: A.2.3.1, A.2.2.3 STO: 3.2.8.G.c, 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b, 3.3.8.C.b 14. ANS: C DIF: L3 REF: p. A-51 OBJ: A.2.2.2 15. ANS: C DIF: L3 REF: p. A-44, p. A-45 OBJ: A.2.1.3 16. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. A-61 OBJ: A.2.3.1 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 17. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. A-41 OBJ: A.2.1.1 18. ANS: D DIF: L2 REF: p. A-43 OBJ: A.2.1.2 19. ANS: D DIF: L2 REF: p. A-61 OBJ: A.2.3.1 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 20. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-46 OBJ: A.2.1.4 STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a 21. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-41 OBJ: A.2.1.1, A.2.1.4, 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a 22. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. A-45 OBJ: A.2.1.3 23. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. A-65 OBJ: A.2.3.3 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 1
24. ANS: B DIF: L3 REF: p. A-49 OBJ: A.2.2.1 25. ANS: D DIF: L1 REF: p. A-64 OBJ: A.2.3.2 STO: 3.2.8.G.d 26. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. A-52 OBJ: A.2.2.3 STO: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b, 3.3.8.C.b 27. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. A-65 OBJ: A.2.3.3 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 28. ANS: B DIF: L1 REF: p. A-63 OBJ: A.2.3.2 STO: 3.2.8.G.d 29. ANS: C DIF: L1 REF: p. A-49 OBJ: A.2.2.1 30. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. A-52 OBJ: A.2.2.3 STO: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b, 3.3.8.C.b COMPLETION 31. ANS: medications DIF: L1 REF: p. A-64 OBJ: A.2.3.2 STO: 3.2.8.G.d 32. ANS: resistant DIF: L2 REF: p. A-62 OBJ: A.2.3.2 STO: 3.2.8.G.d 33. ANS: flagellum DIF: L1 REF: p. A-49 OBJ: A.2.2.1 34. ANS: parasites DIF: L2 REF: p. A-41 OBJ: A.2.1.1 35. ANS: chemicals DIF: L2 REF: p. A-50 OBJ: A.2.2.2 36. ANS: nitrogen DIF: L3 REF: p. A-56 OBJ: A.2.2.4 STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a 37. ANS: energy DIF: L1 REF: p. A-51 OBJ: A.2.2.2 38. ANS: genetic material DIF: L1 REF: p. A-43 OBJ: A.2.1.2 39. ANS: vaccine DIF: L1 REF: p. A-65 OBJ: A.2.3.3 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 40. ANS: active DIF: L2 REF: p. A-44 OBJ: A.2.1.3 2
41. ANS: environmental sources DIF: L1 REF: p. A-60 OBJ: A.2.3.1 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 42. ANS: ribosomes DIF: L1 REF: p. A-49 OBJ: A.2.2.1 43. ANS: binary fission DIF: L3 REF: p. A-52 OBJ: A.2.2.3 STO: 3.3.8.A, 3.3.8.A.b, 3.3.8.C.b 44. ANS: cell DIF: L1 REF: p. A-41 OBJ: A.2.1.1 45. ANS: infectious DIF: L1 REF: p. A-60 OBJ: A.2.3.1 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 46. ANS: decomposers DIF: L1 REF: p. A-56 OBJ: A.2.2.4 STO: 3.2.8.G.b, 4.1.8.D.a 47. ANS: toxins DIF: L2 REF: p. A-61 OBJ: A.2.3.1 STO: 3.2.8.G.c 48. ANS: multiply DIF: L1 REF: p. A-41 OBJ: A.2.1.1 49. ANS: prokaryotes DIF: L2 REF: p. A-49 OBJ: A.2.2.1 50. ANS: proteins DIF: L1 REF: p. A-43 OBJ: A.2.1.2 3