DAVID PIZARRO CURRICULUM VITAE 224 Uris Hall Ithaca, NY 14850 T 607 255 3835 dap54@cornell.edu www.peezer.net 6/15/12 EDUCATION Ph.D. Yale University May, 2002 Research Area: Social Psychology M.Phil Yale University December, 2000 M.S. Yale University December, 1999 B.S. Pacific Union College May, 1997 EMPLOYMENT Associate Professor, Cornell University February 2012-present Assistant Professor, Cornell University January 2006-January 2012 Post-Doctoral Fellow, University of California, Irvine August, 2002-August 2005 RESEARCH FUNDING National Science Foundation (BCS 0827084/88/94) Co-PI s: David DeSteno, Cynthia Breazeal, & Robert Frank Dynamics of initial trust and cooperation: The role of embodied emotion cues. Funding Program: Human Social Dynamics Initiative September 2008 August 2011; Total costs: $719,439. HONORS AND AWARDS Summer Fellow, Center For Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS), 2004 University Fellowship, Yale University 1997-2002 JOURNAL ARTICLES *(Most publications accessible in pdf format at www.peezer.net/publications) Pizarro, D.A. (in prep). Understanding the moral mind. Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D.A., Gilovich, T., & Ariely, D. (under revision). Moral masochism: On the connection between guilt and self-punishment. Critcher, C., Inbar, Y., & Pizarro, D.A. (under revision). How Quick Decisions Illuminate Moral Character. Uhlmann, E. L., Zhu, L. L., Pizarro, D.A., & Bloom, P. (in press). Blood is thicker: Moral spillover effects based on kinship. Cognition.
Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D.A., Iyer, R., & Haidt, J. (in press). Disgust sensitivity, political conservatism, and voting. Social Psychological and Personality Science. Pizarro, D.A., Tannenbaum, D., & Uhlmann, E.L. (2012). Mindless, harmless, and blameworthy. Psychological Inquiry, 23, 185-188. Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D.A., & Cushman, F. (2012). Benefiting from misfortune: When harmless actions are judged to be morally blameworthy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 52-62. Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D.A., & Bloom (2012) Disgusting smells cause decreased liking of gay men. Emotion, 12, 23-27. Bartels, D. & Pizarro, D.A. (2011). The mismeasure of morals: Antisocial personality traits predict utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas, Cognition, 121, 154-161. Helzer, E. & Pizarro, D.A. (2011). Dirty Liberals!: Reminders of cleanliness promote conservative political and moral attitudes, Psychological Science, 22, 517-522. Pizarro, D.A. (2011). Why neuroscience does not pose a threat to moral responsibility. American Journal of Bioethics, Neuroscience, 2, 1-2. Pizarro, D.A., Inbar, Y., & Helion, C. (2011). On disgust and moral judgment, Emotion Review, 3, 267 268. Helzer, E. & Pizarro, D.A. (2011) Dirty Liberals!: Reminders of cleanliness promote conservative political and moral attitudes. Psychological Science. Uhlmann, E.L., Pizarro, D.A., Tannenbaum, D., & Ditto, P.H. (2009) The motivated use of moral principles. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 479-491. Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D.A., Knobe, J., & Bloom, P. (2009) Disgust sensitivity predicts intuitive disapproval of gays. Emotion, 9, 435-439. Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D.A., & Bloom, P. (2009) Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 714-725. Critcher, C. R., & Pizarro, D. A. (2008). Paying for someone else's mistake: The effect of bystander negligence on perpetrator blame. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1357-1370. Uhlmann, E.L., Pizarro, D.A., & Bloom, P. (2008) Varieties of Unconscious Social Cognition. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 38, 293-322. Rice, J. A., Levine, L. J., & Pizarro, D. A. (2007). "Just stop thinking about it": Effects of emotional disengagement on children's memory for educational material. Emotion, 7, 812-23. Uhlmann, E.L., Brescoll, V.L., & Pizarro, D.A. (2007). The motivated use and neglect of base rates [Commentary]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 284-285 Monin, B., Pizarro, D., & Beer, J. (2007). Deciding vs. reacting: Conceptions of moral judgment and the reason-affect debate. Review of General Psychology, 11, 99-111 Page 2
Pizarro, D.A., Laney, C., Morris, E., & Loftus, E. (2006). Ripple effects in memory: Judgments of moral blame can distort memory for events. Memory and Cognition, 34, 550-555. Ditto, P.H., Pizarro, D.A., Epstein, E.B., Jacobson, J.A., MacDonald, T.K. (2006). Motivational myopia: Visceral influences on risk taking behavior. Journal of Behavioral Decision-Making, 19. 99. Fernández-Berrocal, P., Alcaide, R., Extremera, N., & Pizarro, D. (2006). The role of emotional intelligence in anxiety and depression among adolescents. Individual Differences Research, 4, 16-27. Ditto, P.H., Hawkins, N., & Pizarro, D.A. (2005). Imagining the End of Life: On the Psychology of Advance Medical Decision Making. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 475-496. Pizarro, D.A., & Uhlmann, E. (2005). Do normative standards advance our understanding of moral judgment? [commentary] Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 558-559. Rivers, S.E., Pizarro, D.A., Schneider, T.R., Pizarro, J., & Salovey. P. (2005). Message framing and pap test utilization among women attending a community health clinic. Journal of Health Psychology, 10, 65-77. Levine, L. J. & Pizarro, D. A. (2004). Emotion and Memory Research: A Grumpy Overview. Social Cognition. 22, 530-544. Pizarro, D.A., Uhlmann, E., & Bloom, P. (2003). Causal deviance and the attribution of moral responsibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 653-660. Pizarro, D.A., Uhlmann, E., & Salovey, P. (2003). Asymmetry in judgments of moral blame and praise: The role of perceived metadesires. Psychological Science, 14, 267-272. Pizarro, D.A., & Bloom, P. (2003). The intelligence of moral intuitions: Comment on Haidt (2001). Psychological Review, 110, 197-198. Pizarro, D.A., & Salovey, P. (2003). Religious systems as Emotionally Intelligent organiza- tions. [commentary] Psychological Inquiry, 13, 220-222. Pizarro, D. (2000). Nothing more than feelings?: The role of emotions in moral judgment. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 30, 355-375. BOOK CHAPTERS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS Pizarro, D.A., & Baumeister, R. (in press) Superhero comics as moral pornography. For inclusion in R. Rosenberg (Ed.) Our Superheroes, Ourselves. Oxford University Press. Inbar, Y. & Pizarro, D.A. (in press) Political Psychology. For inclusion in Pashler, H. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the mind. Sage. Pizarro, D.A. & Tannenbaum, D. (2012). Bringing Character Back: How the Motivation to Evaluate Character Influences Judgments of Moral Blame. For inclusion in Mikulincer, M. & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil (pp. 91-108) Page 3
Pizarro, D.A. & Helzer, E. (2010) Freedom of the will and stubborn moralism. In Baumeister, R.F., A.R. Mele, and K. D. Vohs (Eds.) Free will and consciousness: How might they work? (pp.116-135). Oxford University Press. Ditto, P.H., Pizarro, D.A., & Tannenbaum, D. (2009). Motivated Moral Reasoning. In B. H. Ross (Series Ed.) & D. M. Bartels, C. W. Bauman, L. J. Skitka, & D. L. Medin (Eds.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 50: Moral Judgment and Decision Making. (pp. 307-338). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Pizarro, D.A., (2007). Entries on: a) Moral Cognition, b) Moral Emotion, c) Reciprocal Altruism. In Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of social psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Monin, B., Pizarro, D., & Beer, J. (2007). Emotion and reason in moral judgment: Different prototypes lead to different theories. In press in K.D. Vohs, R.F. Baumeister, & G. Loewenstein (Eds.), Do emotions help or hurt decision making? A hedgefoxian perspective. (pp.219-243) New York: Russell Sage. Levine, L. J. & Pizarro, D.A. (2006) Emotional valence, discrete emotions, and memory. In B. Uttl, N. Ohta, & A. L. Siegenthaler, (Eds.). Memory and Emotion: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Blackwell Publishing. Pizarro, D.A., Detweiler-Bedell, B., & Bloom, P. (2006). The Creativity of Everyday Moral Reasoning: Empathy, Disgust and Moral Persuasion. In J. C. Kaufman & J. Baer (Eds.), Creativity and Reason in Cognitive Development. Cambridge University Press. Salovey, P., & Pizarro, D.A., (2003). The value of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg, J. Lautrey, & T. Lubart (Eds.), Models of Intelligence: International Perspectives (pp.263-278). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Pizarro, D.A., & Salovey, P. (2002). On being and becoming a good person: The role of emotional intelligence in moral development and behavior. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education (pp. 247-266). San Diego: Academic Press. ARTICLES FOR A GENERAL AUDIENCE Pizarro, D. (January, 2012). What is your favorite deep, elegant, or beautiful explanation? [Edge.org 2012 World Question Center] Pizarro, D. (January, 2011). Everyday Apophenia. [Edge.org 2011 World Question Center] Liberman, P. & Pizarro, D. (2010, October 24) All politics is olfactory. The New York Times. (op-ed). Pizarro, D.A. (2010, March 16) We cannot be emotionless, but we are capable of rational debate. The Globe and Mail (op-ed). Pizarro, D.A., (2009). Doubt Thyself [Review of On Being Certain, by Richard Burton]. Seed Magazine. Page 4
Pizarro, D.A. (February/March 2008). The Virtue in Being Morally Wrong. Scientific American Mind. Inbar, Y. & Pizarro, D.A. (2009). Grime and Punishment: How disgust influences moral, social, and legal judgments. The Jury Expert, 21, 11-23. Pizarro, D.A. (2007) Hodgepodge Morality. In J. Brockman (Ed.), What is your dangerous idea? New York: Harper Collins. Bloom, P. & Pizarro, D.A. (2006) Homer s Soul. In A. Brown & C. Logan (Eds.), The Psychology of The Simpsons, Benbella Books. Pizarro, D.A., & Salovey, P. (2003). Emotional Genius. The Duke Gifted Letter, 3, 4. MANUSCRIPTS UNDER REVIEW Sargent, M., Tannenbaum, D., Ditto, P.H., & Pizarro, D.A. (under review) They did it on purpose! Motivated assessments of intentionality in the actions of outgroup members PRESENTATIONS AT PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS Helion, C. & Pizarro, D.A. (2012). The Interplay Between Disgust Expression and Moral Judgment. Talk presented at 84th Annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL. Pizarro, D.A., Inbar, Y., Iyer, R., & Haidt, J. (2012) Shedding light on the role of disgust in political orientation. Talk presented at 13th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Diego, CA. Bartels, D., & Pizarro, D.A. (2012) Who s a utilitarian? Talk presented at 13th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Diego, CA. Pizarro, D.A. (2011) Disgust. Talk presented at the Society for Experimental Social Psychology, Washington, D.C. Tannenbaum, D. & Pizarro, D.A. (2011). Character counts: Person-centered approaches to moral judgment and decision making. Symposium co-chair, 12th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, TX. Pizarro, D.A., Helzer, E., & Helion, C. (2011). How the desire to be morally good is shaped by the motivation to stay physically pure. Talk presented at 12th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, TX. Helion, C. Pizarro, D.A. & (2011). Suppress Yourself: Blocking Facial Expression of Disgust Reduces the Severity of Moral Judgment. Poster presented at the 12th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, TX. Page 5
Helzer, E., Pizarro, D.A. & Goldstein, M. (2011). Intentions Precede Accidents: Evidence for an Intentionality Bias in Behavioral Encoding. Poster presented at the 12th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, TX. Inbar, Y., & Pizarro, D.A., (2010). Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Symposium co-chair, 11th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Las Vegas, NV. Gunaydin, G., & Pizarro, D.A. (2010). Poster presented at the 11th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Las Vegas, NV. Pizarro, D.A., (2010). Toward a person-centered approach to moral judgment, Justice and Morality Pre-conference, 11th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Las Vegas, NV. Pizarro, D. A., & Inbar, Y. (2009). Shock and ewww: Purity, morality, and self-punishment. Talk presented at the 11th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Tampa, FL. Pizarro, D.A. & Inbar, Y. (2008) Grime and Punishment. Talk presented at the annual Society for Experimental Social Psychology, Sacramento, CA. Pizarro, D.A. (2008). Motivated Reasoning in the Political Domain. Talk presented at the American Psychological Association, Boston, MA. Inbar, Y., Gilovich, T., Pizarro, D., & Ariely, D. (2008). Morality and masochism: Feeling guilt leads to physical self-punishment. Paper presented at the 80th annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL. Pizarro D.A. (2008). Moral Responsibility for Acts vs. Agents. Talk presented at the 10th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Memphis, TN. Inbar, Y., & Pizarro, D. (2007). Disgusting politics: Linking disgust sensitivity and sociomoral conservatism. Paper presented at the 79th annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL. Pizarro D.A. (2007). Disgusting Politics. Talk presented at the 9th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Memphis, TN. Pizarro, D.A. (2007) Moral Responsibility for Acts vs. Agents. Talk presented at the Society for Philosophy and Psychology, York University, Toronto, CA. Pizarro, D.A., & Inbar, Y. (2006). Disgusting Politics. Talk presented at the International Society for Research on Emotion (ISRE), Atlanta, GA. Pizarro, D.A., Uhlmann, E., Tannenbaum, D., & Ditto, P.H. (2006) Motivated Reasoning about Moral Principles. Talk presented at the Annual Society for Judgment and Decision Making conference, Houston, TX. Pizarro, D.A., Laney, C., Morris, E.K., & Loftus, E.F. (2005). Ripple Effects in Memory: Judgments of Blame Can Distort Memory for Events. Poster presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, Los Angeles, California. Page 6
Laney, C., Morris, E.K, Berkowitz, S.R., Pizarro, D.A., Ditto, P.H., & Loftus, E.F. (2005). Implanting negative false beliefs with positive or negative consequences. Poster presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, Los Angeles, California. Laney, C., Pizarro, D.A., Morris, E.K., Berkowitz, S.R., & Loftus, E.F.(2005). Moral blame as a form of memory distortion. Poster presented at the meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Portland, Oregon. Ditto, P.H., Epstein, E., & Pizarro, D.A. (2004) Visceral factors in the perception of risk. Poster presented at the fourth annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Austin, TX. Pizarro, D.A., Uhlmann, E., & Bloom, P. (2003) Causal deviance and the attribution of moral responsibility. Poster presented at the 15 th annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Atlanta, GA. Rivers, S. E., Pizarro, D. A., Schneider, T. R., Pizarro, J., & Salovey, P. (2002) The effects of message framing and behavior construal on Pap utilization in a community sample. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, Washington, DC. Pizarro, D.A., Uhlmann, E., & Salovey, P. (2001) Asymmetries in moral judgment: The role of metadesires in judgments of moral responsibility. Poster presented at the third annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Savannah, GA. Pizarro, D.A., Detweiler-Bedell, B., Steward, W.T., Rivers, S.E., Wert, S.R., Mirch- Kretschmann, S., Detweiler-Bedell, J.B. & Salovey, P. (2000) Remembering the past: An exploration of nostalgia. Poster presented at the second annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, TX. Pizarro, D.A., Collins, A.J., & Bainum, B. (1997) The effects of emotion on moral judgment. Poster presented at Western Psychological Association Conference, Spring, 1997. INVITED TALKS King s College, Donald J. Grimes, C.S.C. Memorial Lecture, March 2012. Stanford University, Invited presentation, Marketing Group, Graduate School of Business, April 2012. TEDx East, Invited presentation, Dirty minds: How disgust shapes our notions of moral wrong and political right, April 2012. Human Evolution Speaker Series, Invited Presentation, University of British Columbia, January, 2012 Cornell Reunion Weekend, Invited Presentation, Cornell University June, 2011 Making People Moral Conference, Invited Presentation, University of Utah, May, 2011 Morality and the Cognitive Sciences Conference, Invited Presentation, Riga, Latvia, May, 2011 Colloquium Presentation, Cornell University, February, 2011 Center for Ethics and Public Life, Invited Presentation, University of Michigan, February, 2011 Page 7
Ethics in Everyday Life, Invited Presentation, Pontificia Universidade Catolica, December, 2010, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Center for Morality and Emotions, Invited Presentation, Ohio State University, October, 2010 Moral Research Psychology Group, Invited Presentation, Harvard University, October, 2010 Interdisciplinary Conference on Emotion, Invited Presentation, Wurzburg University, Germany, October, 2010 Public lecture on Emotional Politics, CUNY Graduate Center, October, 2010 Cognitive Science Brown Bag, Yale University, September, 2010 Edge.org Conference, The New Science of Morality, Invited Presentation, July, 2010 Society for Philosophy & Psychology, Invited Presentation for Workshop on Psychology and Philosophy of Morality, June 2010 Institute for Social Sciences (Cornell University), Invited Presentation for Workshop on Social/Moral Preferences and Behavior, June 2010 American Enterprise Institute (AEI), Invited Presentation, Washington, D.C., May 2010 Herzliya Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology, Invited Presentation, New School Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel, April 2010 Social Psychology Brown Bag, Harvard University, March, 2010 Cornell Prison Education Program, Invited Presentation on Moral Judgment at Auburn State Prison, April 2010 Human Development Brownbag, Cornell University, April 2010 Ithaca Science Cabaret, Invited Presentation, March 2010 Walter Gordon Massey Symposium on Public Policy, Featured Speaker, University of Toronto, March 2010 Social Psychology Brown Bag, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, March, 2010 Werkmeister Conference on Experimental Philosophy, Invited Presentation, Florida State University, January, 2010 Interdisciplinary Workshop on Moral Judgment, Invited Presentation, University of Arizona Department of Philosophy, November 2009 Colloquium Presentation, Queens University, October 2009 Colloquium Presentation, Northwestern Law School, October 2008 Colloquium Presentation, Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, November 2008 Colloquium Presentation, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, April 2008 Free Will & Conscious Processes, Templeton Foundation, Invited Presentation, April 2008 Colloquium Presentation, Bard College, March 2008 Colloquium Presentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Decision Sciences, November 2007 Society for Philosophy & Psychology, Invited Presentation, June 2007 Values and Judgment Conference, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, April 2007 American Philosophical Association, Central, Invited talk on Experimental Ethics, April 2007 Moralistic Politics Workshop, Princeton University, May 2007 Social Area Presentation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, March 2007 Center for Judgment and Decision Making, University of Chicago, October 2006 Decision Processes Seminar, Wharton School of Business, September 2006 Cornell Bioethics Society, Cornell University, April 2006 Emotion, Evolution, and Ethics Conference, U. of North Carolina, Department of Philosophy, February 2006 Current Works in Social Psychology. Yale University, Department of Psychology, February, 2006 Conference Presentation, Duke Fuqua School of Business, Helping Consumers Help Them selves, May 2005 Page 8
Colloquium, Claremont McKenna College, Department of Psychology, Winter 2005 Colloquium, Cornell University, Department of Psychology, Winter 2005 Colloquium, Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Fall 2004 Colloquium, Loma Linda University, Department of Psychology, Winter 2004 Social Area Presentation, University of California, San Diego, Fall 2004. Social Area Presentation, San Diego State University, Fall 2004. Colloquium, Pacific Union College, Department of Behavioral Science, Spring 2004. Colloquium, Swarthmore College, Department of Psychology, Fall 2003. Colloquium, University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, Fall 2002. Colloquium, Loma Linda University, Department of Psychology, Spring 2002. Colloquium, Occidental College, Department of Psychology, Spring 2002. Colloquium, Connecticut College, Department of Psychology, Fall 2000. Current Works in Social Psychology, Yale University, Department of Psychology, Spring 2000. COURSES TAUGHT From Joy to Fury: The Psychology of Emotion Cornell Adult University, Summer 2011 Morality in Everyday Life Cornell Adult University, Summer 2010 Emotion and the Brain (Graduate seminar co-taught with Barbara Finlay) Cornell University, Spring 2009 The Psychology of Emotion Cornell University, Spring Semesters Moral Reasoning Cornell University, Fall Semesters Moral Judgment University of California, Irvine, Fall 2005 Social Relationships (Co-Instructor with Joe Kasof) University of California, Irvine, Summer 2004 The Intelligent Emotions Alliance for Lifelong Learning: Yale University, Oxford University, Stanford University. Online Course, Fall 2001, Spring 2002, Summer 2003. Social Psychology (co-taught with Wayne Steward) Southern Connecticut State University, Spring, 2001 UNIVERSITY SERVICE College of Arts and Sciences Selection Committee, Cornell University, 2007-2008 Graduate Selection Committee, Department of Psychology, Cornell University 2006-2012. PROFESSIONAL SERVICE AND AFFILIATIONS Page 9
Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Perspectives on Social and Personality Psychology, Emotion, Ad Hoc Reviewer, Science, Psychological Science, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Emotion, Emotion Review, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, Review of General Psychology, Sex Roles, British Journal of Social Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Social Justice Research, Oxford University Press, Trends in Cognitive Science, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Philosophical Psychology, Yale University Press, Oxford University Press, Developmental Review, Cognition, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, Political Psychology Member, American Psychological Association, Society for Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Society, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (Fellow). Yale University Graduate School Mentoring Award Committee, 2002 Fellow, Preparing Future Faculty Program (PFF). Nationwide program sponsored by the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AACU) dedicated to disseminating information about teaching and professional activities to graduate students in research universities. Yale University Social Psychology Hiring Committee, 2001 Responsive Ph.D. Committee. Yale University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation. 2001 Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) 2nd Annual Conference, Poster Re view Committee, 2000 Diversity Committee, Yale University Department of Psychology, 2000-2002 Organizing Committee, William McGuire Festschrift, Spring, 2001 Vice President, Psi Chi Chapter, Pacific Union College 1996-97 Page 10