Academic and Professional Preparation for Careers in Sport Nutrition

Academic and Professional Preparation for Careers in Sport Nutrition Richard B. Kreider, PhD, FACSM Professor & Chair Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab Center for Exercise, Nutrition & Preventive Health Department of Health, Human Performance & Recreation Baylor University www3.baylor.edu/hhpr/esnl

Academic and Professional Preparation for Careers in Sport Nutrition Overview Define Sport Nutrition Discuss employment opportunities, roles / responsibilities, KSA s s, and academic and professional preparation for practicing SN s Overview components of a college level sport nutrition program Discuss employment opportunities, roles and responsibilities, KSA s, and academic and professional training for PhD trained sport nutritionists titi i t

Sport Nutrition A multi-disciplinary field of study that incorporates exercise physiology, nutrition, biochemistry, integrative physiology, and cell/molecular biology. The field of sports nutrition includes an applied aspect (i.e. the use of nutrition and/or dietary supplement strategies to enhance athletic performance or improve body composition) as well as a basic science aspect (i.e. understanding the underlying biological mechanism(s) regarding the effect(s) of foods and/or supplements). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sports_nutrition

Sport Nutrition Sports nutritionists tend to have varied educational lbackgrounds. Many have formal training in the field of exercise physiology as well as nutrition. ii The majority of academic research performed in the sports nutrition and sports supplement area are conducted by Ph.D. level exercise physiologists. Traditionally, the primary health professional that dispenses nutrition information is the registered dietitian or RD. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sports_nutrition

Sport Nutrition However, the education of an RD does not prepare him or her for Sports Nutrition due to the lack of academic training in exercise physiology; Similarly, sports nutritionists do not have the broad background of registered dieticians. Sports nutritionists tend to specialize in working with certain athletes (e.g. bodybuilders, endurance athletes, team sports [football, baseball, etc]). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sports_nutrition

Sport Nutrition Employment Opportunities: Academia Sports nutrition & supplement companies Professional / college sports teams Personal training or performance centers Individual, d group, corporate, or legal consultation / writing

Sport Nutrition There is no professional licensure or standardized path to become a sport nutritionist Academic and professional preparation depends on prior academic training, anticipated job functions, roles, and/or goals

Sport Nutritionist Roles/Functions Provide general nutritional education to coaches and athletes for each sport Develop and supervise training table or train athletes personal cook Plan travel meals / snacks Provide body composition and performance assessment services Consult with coaches and AT s about proper training, nutrition, and strength and body composition goals of athletes

Sport Nutritionist Roles/Functions Provide individual weight management, eating disorder, and supplement counseling to athletes Serve as a resource about latest training and nutrition advances Supervise student interns Conduct basic and/or applied performance enhancement research

Sport Nutritionist KSA s Needed Core knowledge Exercise physiology Strength & conditioning Nutrition Experience training a variety of athletes Ability to conduct physical assessments Knowledge of general nutritional guidelines for health, training, and performance

Sport Nutritionist KSA s Needed Understand how to optimize training & performance with nutrition Ability to provide performance and nutrition education to groups and individuals Ability to counsel athletes based on goals, eating behaviors, and preferences Ability to work with coaches in optimizing performance of athlete Respect from athletes and coaches

Sport Nutrition Academic Tracks Dietetics Advantages Meal/Training table design Develop individualized diets Counsel athletes about eating disorders Disadvantages Clinical population emphasis No formal EP training Less understanding about strength & conditioning May not have athletic background Harder to relate to physical and psychological demands of high level training and competition

Sport Nutrition Academic Tracks Exercise Physiology Advantages Strong EP training Good understanding strength & conditioning Typically have an athletic background Can better relate to physical and psychological demands of high level training and competition Ability to conduct assessments to monitor progress Disadvantages Less ability to plan meals and design training table Less ability to develop individualized diets May not feel comfortable counseling athletes about eating disorders

Sport Nutrition Academic Tracks Many sports nutritionists obtain a dietetics undergraduate degree to become and RD and then obtain a MS degree in EP Others obtain an undergraduate degree in EP or AT and a MS degree in dietetics. Internships in S&C and sport nutrition provide practical experience working with individual athletes and teams Look for academic programs with good working relationships with S&C and athletic teams

Sport Nutrition Recommended Coursework Anatomy & Physiology Kinesiology Exercise Physiology Exercise Testing & Prescription Strength & Conditioning General Nutrition Sport Nutrition Exercise Biochemistry Research Methods Internship in S&C and Sport Nutrition Content knowledge must be complimented with experience assessing, educating, training, and counseling athletes Very few true sport nutrition programs www.scandpg.org/ www.acsm.org (University listing)

Sport Nutrition Professional Certification Sport Nutrition ISSN - CISSN ADA - Specialist in Sports Dietetics (RD Only) Complimentary Certifications NSCA CSCS NATA - ATC ACSM - HFI

Principles in Working with Coaches and Athletes Must provide practical, honest, and up to date information Must earn respect of players and coaches Must be available to provide support Must be interested in performance enhancement of players/teams not just research opportunities Must realize you are a member of a performance enhancement team

Performance Assessments Nutritional Analysis Dietary Records Training Table Body Composition Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ECG/VO 2 Max VANT, LT Strength/Power Tests Wingate AC Testing Isotonic & Isokinetic Assessment Field Testing Blood Analyses Scheduled at beginning of major changes in training/season Results shared with S&C coaches, AT s, and/or team coaches

Performance Enhancement Nutrition Education General Guidelines Caloric and Macronutrient needs Meal Timing Hydration Food Selection / Training Table Nutritional Supplements Weight Gain Weight Loss Ergogenic Nutrients Education About Banned and/or Dangerous Supplements

Nutritional Guidelines General Eat an isoenergetic diet to maintain weight Carbohydrate (50-65% of calories) 5 8 g/kg/d during normal training 8 10 g/kg/d during heavy training Protein (15-20% of calories) 1.0 1.5 g/kg/d light training 1.5-2.0 g/kg/d g during heavy training Fat (25-30% of calories) 0.5 1.5 g/kg/d Eat/snack 4-6 times a day Make Good Food Choices (whole grains/breads, pastas, vegetables, fruits, low-fat milk, non-fried foods, lean meats). Strength/Power athletes may be able to train well with lower carbohydrate (40-50%) and higher protein intake (20-30%)

Nutritional Guidelines Strategic Eating / Meal Timing Pre-exercise meals (4-6 h) Pre-exercise snack (30-60 min) Sports Drinks During Exercise (> 60 min) CHO Gels/Bars at Half-time Post-exercise CHO/PRO drink/bar Post-exercise high CHO/PRO meal Scientifically-based safe & effective supplements

Fluid Intake Guidelines Drink 4-6 cups of water before leaving the dorm for practice. When arriving at practice, drink 1 cup of sports drinks and 1 cup of water. Drink as often as you can during practice. Do not depend on thirst to regulate fluid intake. Drink 2-4 cups of water or sports drinks every water break whether you are thirsty or not! You need to drink more fluid the hotter and more humid it is during practice. Drink a carbohydrate/protein shake or eat an energy bar after practice to optimize i recovery.

Fluid Intake Guidelines Monitor pre and post-practice body weight to determine if an adequate amount of fluid was ingested. You should try not lose more than 2% of body weight (4-6 lbs) with each practice. Loss of 3% (6-9 lbs) or more may require medical attention. Drink 3 cups of sports drink and/or water for every 1 pound that you lost during practice. Add salt to your diet to improve fluid retention during exercise in the heat. Try to regain the majority of weight lost before the next practice.

Sport Nutrition Program Considerations All recommendations must comply with athletic governing g body regulations Recommendations must be reasonable and fit within budget guidelines At times, prudent recommendations may not be able to be implemented due to governing body restrictions ti ti

NCAA Restrictions (c) Training-Table Meals. An institution may provide only one training-table meal per day to a student-athlete t thl t during the academic year on those days when regular institutional dining facilities are open; (Adopted: 1/10/91 effective 8/1/96, Revised: 11/1/01 effective 8/1/02) (d) Meals Incidental to Participation. Student-athletes who are not receiving athletically related financial aid (e.g., walk-ons) may receive the benefit of a training-table meal during the permissible playing and practice season in those instances in which the student-athlete's schedule is affected by involvement in practice activities, provided the student-athlete previously has paid for the same meal (e.g., dinner) at an institutional dining facility. Further, all student-athletes are permitted to receive a pregame meal as a benefit incidental to participation p and all student-athletes are permitted to receive meals at the institution's discretion from the time the student-athlete reports on call (at the direction of the student-athlete's coach or comparable authority) and becomes involved in competition-related activities to the end of competition and the release by the appropriate institutional authority. An institution, at its discretion, may provide cash, not to exceed $10, in lieu of a meal to student-athletes following home and away-from-home contests; (Revised: 4/25/02, 4/29/04)

NCAA Restrictions g) Nutritional Supplements. An institution may provide only nonmuscle-building nutritional supplements to a student-athlete at any time for the purpose of providing additional calories and electrolytes, provided the supplements do not contain any NCAA banned substances. Permissible nonmuscle-building nutritional supplements are identified according to the following classes: Carbohydrate/electrolyte drinks, energy bars, carbohydrate boosters and vitamins and minerals. (Adopted: 4/27/00 effective 8/1/00, Revised: 11/1/01 effective 8/1/02)

NCAA Restrictions Bylaw 16.5.2.2 Permissible Nutritional Supplements (Adopted: 4/27/00 effective 8/1/00, Revised: 11/1/01 effective 8/1/02) Nonpermissible Amino acids Chrysin Condroitin Creatine/creatine-containing compounds Ginseng Glucosamine Glycerol HMB I-carnitin (sic) Melatonin Pos-2 http://www.ncaa.org/sports p _ sciences/education/ Protein powders nutritional_supplements.html Tribulus

Dealing with NCAA Supplement Restrictions Teams can provide one-meal per day of a training table Training tables/meal services can provide energy bars and other snacks to athletes to carry out Primary focus should be on good diet foundation and proper meal timing Unlimited use of non-muscle building supplements prior to, during, and after practices/games Athletes can purchase non-banned supplements on their own Recommend providing guidance on product purchases and/or supervision when taking non-banned non-permissible supplements

Performance Enhancement Nutrition Program Stress high CHO, nutrient dense, isoenergetic diet Daily multi-vitamin (with iron for women) Taper & CHO load before competition Pre-practice snack with compliant energy bars/drinks/shake Water and GES during exercise Post-practice snack with compliant energy bars/drinks/shake Evening snacks or compliant energy bar/shake Sport specific use of effective and nonbanned ergogenic aids

Performance Enhancement Nutrition Program Strength/Power/Sprint Athletes Moderate to High CHO/PRO diet Water/GES Post-Exercise PRO Creatine* Β-alanine * Bicarbonate * Sodium Phosphate * Endurance Athletes High CHO diet/cho loading Water/GES Caffeine Sodium Phosphate * Glycerol (Dehydration)* Creatine * * Must purchase on own

Performance Enhancement Nutrition Program Possible Anticatabolic Nutrients Creatine * HMB * L-carnitine * Possible Immunoenhancing Nutrients Vitamin C Zinc Glutamine * Post-Exercise Protein * Echinacea * * Must purchase on own

Doctoral Trained Sport Nutritionist i t Opportunities University Teaching & Research R&D Director / Product Development for Industry Director of Performance Enhancement Center Writing/Speaking

Sport Nutrition Academic Tracks Exercise Physiology / Exercise Science Primarily focused on EP May have 1-2 professors who specialize in metabolism and/or nutritional interventions with athletes Nutritional Sciences Most focused on basic nutrition May not have a faculty member focus on sport or athletics Exercise / Nutrition / Health / Wellness Limited number of programs that attempt to integrate exercise and nutrition

Doctoral Trained Sport Nutritionist KSA s Needed Core knowledge Biochemistry Molecular Biology Human & Exercise Physiology Nutrition Exercise Programming for Healthy, Disease, and Performance Exercise, Nutrition, and Clinical Research Methods & Design Statistics Write grants Publish Research Present Papers/Educate Public Ability to organize clinical trials, conduct physical and biochemical assessments, analyze data, and publish results

Doctoral Trained Sport Nutritionist Considerations in Selecting a Program Identification of a faculty mentor Research interests capabilities Course availability Program requirements Program length Assistantship opportunities & responsibilities Expected productivity Professional Opportunities Success of prior students obtaining jobs

Doctoral Trained Sport Nutritionist i t Baylor ENPH Program Mission To train researchers to conduct interdisciplinary clinically based research focusing on the role of exercise and nutrition on health, disease, rehabilitation, and performance in order to improve quality of life. www.baylor.edu/hhpr

Doctoral Trained Sport Nutritionist Baylor ENPH Program Pre-Requisites i Anatomy & Physiology Chemistry / Biochemistry Nutrition Kinesiology Exercise Physiology Statistics Core (15 hours) Research Methods Core (12 hours) Exercise Nutrition Exercise Rehabilitation Preventive Health Research / Clinical i l Rotations ti (3-6 hours) www.baylor.edu/hhpr

Doctoral Trained Sport Nutritionist i t Baylor ENPH Program Exercise Nutrition Emphasis (18-21 hours) ENH 6320 - Nutritional Biochemistry (3) ENH 6322 - Exercise, Nutrition, and Endocrinology (3) ENH 6324 - Muscle Physiology & Metabolism (3) ENH 6326 - Advanced Nutrition I: Macronutrients, Exercise, & Health (3) ENH 6328 - Advanced Nutrition II: Micronutrients, Exercise, & Health (3) ENH 6330 - Obesity & Weight Management (3) or FCS 5351 Nutrition and Aging (3) Guided Electives (15-18 hours) Content knowledge must be Dissertation (12-18 hours) p p Emphasis areas also offered in: Exercise Rehabilitation Preventive Health www.baylor.edu/hhpr complimented with experience writing grants, conducting basic and applied research; presenting research findings; publishing; and teaching / educating students and athletes.

Doctoral Trained Sport Nutritionist i t Baylor ENPH Program Knowledge must be complimented with experience: Writing proposals and grants Conducting basic and applied research Presenting research hfindings Publishing research in scientific journals Writing lay articles to educate public Teaching Working with students and athletes Professional engagement/involvement

Sport Nutrition Sport nutritionists who work with athletes and/or teams typically have degrees in dietetics and EP/AT; hold certifications by ISSN, NSCA, ACSM, NATA, and/or ADA; and have experience training, assessing, and counseling athletes Sports nutrition researchers typically hold PhD degrees in nutrition, EP, or exercise/nutrition/wellness and serve as faculty members or RD directors Careers in sport nutrition are evolving and can be rewarding if you obtain necessary academic and professional ltraining i

Reaching the world through exercise, nutrition, and preventive health research! Richard_ Kreider@baylor.edu www3.baylor.edu/hhpr/esnl