Changing landscape for livestock production and health in China and neighbouring countries; directions and implications for FMD management Professor John Edwards Team Leader, FAO ECTAD China 1
Scope of Presentation The changing landscape and livestock and ecological systems in China and neighbouring countries Changing movement pathways Epidemiology of FMD in China and neighbouring countries Example from China-Mongolia-Russia 2
China and Neighbouring Countries 14 direct land borders and several other close neighbours Southeast Asia, South Asia, Northeast Asia, Central Asian Republics 3
The changing landscape, livestock and ecological systems Diversity of geographical features Climate variation and change Production systems FAO
The changing landscape and livestock and ecological systems - Trends Livestock (FMD susceptible species) demographics Pigs More than half world s production Rapid growth Growing intensification Mainly eastern parts of country Ruminants Cattle and buffalo Sheep, goats, camels, yaks Wildlife Varying livestock systems by location and country - Ecosystems and epizones
The changing landscape and livestock and ecological systems - Trends Varying livestock systems by location and country - Epizones Urbanisation Cultural diversity Capacity of animal health systems Varying levels of collaboration among countries Social/political/legal issues Transport and risk pathways Value chains drivers and continuing changes
Changing livestock movements 2000-5 2005-10 2010-15
China looking at new approaches to managing these risks by creating buffer zone for value adding, slaughter and movement of lower risk products 8
Large scale movements of small ruminants in 2014 Eg. PPR in 2014 FMD in 2005
Epidemiology of FMD in China and neighbouring countries Current status for FMD in the region China Mongolia Russia Collaboration as an example 10
Epizones for FMD Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1 Pool 2 O, A, Asia 1 Pool 1 O, A, Asia 1 Pool 7 O & A Pool 5 O, A,SAT1,2 Pool 6 O, A, SAT1,2,3 Pool 4 O, A, SAT1,2,3
Current status of FMD Most recent types of FMD Type O - Pan-Asia topotype closest strain Vietnam 2011 - Myanmar 98 was dominant but now in decline - Hong Kong reports Cathay (pig adapted strain) Type A closest related strains in Southeast Asia - Two separate variations detected - Variation in matching with vaccines (needed to change vaccine strains) - Initially limited coverage of type A vaccines No recent reports of type Asia 1
Current status of FMD (Cont) Pathways to Russia and Mongolia through east Asia (including China). Also through central Asia (eg. Type Asia 1) Various pathways live animals (legal and illegal), livestock products and human movements long and short distances Currently vaccines used are trivalent O, A and Asia 1. Type A more prevalent recently China high level of vaccination and particularly in border areas. Suppression of disease.
Status of FMD Ruminants, mainly cattle, sheep and goats. Camels, yaks also Variation in grazing systems (Nomadic in Mongolia and more intensive and controlled grazing in neighbouring parts of China and Russia) Pigs small numbers (some cases FMD in Russia, first report CSF in Mongolia) Gazelles evidence of disease but expert opinion is that in Mongolia do not play a significant role in persistence of the virus FMD in Mongolia 10 new cases in last 12 years. Always a different strain of FMD and previous strains do not persist. Neighbouring areas similar?
Map Ex Dr Purevhkuu Tsedenkhuu, Mongolia Get mongolia slide Hostile and extreme environment Livestock in standstill for long periods of time Control measures
Next steps for China-Russia-Mongolia Collaboration Agreed on two joint projects to study the ecosystems, value chains and risk pathways for TADs including FMD Develop processes for: Harmonisation on standards for conduct of surveillance for FMD in the three countries sharing of information in real time Final design, oversight and implementation of the two projects
Conclusions Need to study and understand the landscape, climate, ecosystems risk pathways and value chains so that the risks can be managed Understand that the epidemiology of FMD will vary in different landscapes and production systems Monitoring and acting on this knowledge is required Address the risks of livestock movements by creating safe pathways, safe products and managing value chains Countries sharing information and working together is necessary for the control of TADs 17
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