Prescription Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll August, 2017 OBJECTIVES The overall objective of this research was to collect attitudes and views of prescription opioid painkillers among adults in Illinois. METHODOLOGY This research was conducted with Toluna Group s proprietary panel of pre-screened, validated, deduplicated and well-profiled respondents. Sample outgo (invitations) and completes were monitored to ensure returns were balanced to IL Census for age, gender, ethnicity, geographic region, income, education and ethnicity. Survey was fielded June 30th thru July 10th, 2017 and then on August 3rd thru August 9th, 2017. To qualify for the study, respondents had to 18 years old or older and had to be a resident of Illinois. A total of 1,000 completed the survey. 369 User Self identified as having been prescribed an opioid painkiller within the last three years. 631 Non-User Self identified as not having been prescribed an opioid painkiller within the last three years nsc.org
QUESTIONNAIRE WITH RESULTS 1. How concerned are you about each of the following as potential causes of injury or death for your family? (n=1,000) Not a Concern Concern (NET) Minimal Concern Major Concern Driving 1 8 51% 37% Gun violence 83% 4 41% Severe weather or natural disaster 21% 7 57% 2 Infectious disease 23% 77% 4 2 Prescription pain medication 41% 5 41% 1 Commercial airline travel 43% 57% 43% 14% 2. Please rank the following in terms of which is the cause of the most deaths in the United States. (n=1,000) Ranked 1st Ranked 2nd Ranked 1st or 2nd Motor vehicle crashes 57% 14% 71% Opioid prescription drug overdose 20% 34% 54% Heroin overdose 15% 27% 4 Accidental digestion of nonmedical poisons 4% 14% 1 Injuries in the workplace 4% 15% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 2 of 17
2B. Which of the following do you believe is closest to the number of people who die annually from drug overdoses involving opioid pain medications? (n=1,000) 5,000 or less 5,001-15,000 24% 15,001-25,000 1 25,001 to 35,000 13% More than 35,000 1 Don't know/not sure 15% 3. In the past three years have you...(n=1,000) % Yes Driven car on interstate highway 86% Flown on commercial airline 53% Travelled outside/contact w/ someone who travelled outside US Taken and/or been prescribed an opioid painkiller Affected by severe weather/natural disaster 25% 30% 45% Involved w/ or victim of gun violence 6% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 3 of 17
SHOW Q4 TEXT IF YES FOR TAKEN AND/OR PRESCRIBED PAINKILLER IN Q3, OTHERWISE HIDE 4. You indicated that in the past three years you have taken and/or been prescribed an opioid painkiller. SHOW Q4B TEXT IF NO FOR TAKEN AND/OR PRESCRIBED PAINKILLER IN Q3, OTHERWISE HIDE 4B. You indicated that in the past three years you have not taken and/or been prescribed an opioid painkiller. Because medications are sold under many names, this question goes into more detail. 4C. For the purposes of this survey, an opioid painkiller is a narcotic pain medication that is typically prescribed when pain is severe. Most are taken by mouth in pill form, but some are absorbed through the skin using a patch. Some types of opioid drugs include: Codeine (only available in generic form) Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Hydrocodone (Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Vicodin) Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen (Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Vicodin) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Exalgo) Meperidine (Demerol) Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose) Morphine (Avinza, Kadian, MS Contin, Ora-Morph SR) Oxycodone (OxyContin, Oxyfast, Percocet, Roxicodone) Oxycodone and Acetaminophen (Percocet) Oxycodone and Naloxone (Targiniq ER) Which of the following best describes your usage of these types of medications in the past three years? (n=1,000) User (NET) 41% Taken with prescription 3 Filled - Did not take Prescribed -Did not fill 4% 5% Non-User (NET) Was not prescribed 5 56% Taken without prescription Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 4 of 17
SKIP TO Q12 IF PRESRIBED-NOT FILLED (1), FILLED (2) OR TAKEN W/PRESCRIPTION (3) NOT SELECTED IN Q4C. OTHERWISE CONTINUE TO Q5 5. Again thinking about the last time you were prescribed an opioid painkiller, what was the reason for being given the prescription? (n=421 Past User) New Injury/Surgery (Acute) (NET) 5 Non-work related 51% Work related Chronic issue from Injury/Surgery (NET) 41% Chonic disease 16% Non-work related Work related 6. When were you last prescribed an opioid painkiller? (n= 421 Past User) Within 6mos Ago 26% 6mos- 12mos Ago 1 Over 1 year Ago Over 2 years Ago 21% 23% Over 3 years Ago 1 Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 5 of 17
ASK Q7 IF OVER 3 YRS NOT SELECTED IN Q6, OTHERWISE SKIP TO Q12 7. Prior to taking the prescription, did you have any concerns or initial hesitations? (n=369 Past 3yr User) Yes 30% No 66% Don't Know 4% 8. Which of the following were you most concerned with before? (n=369 Past 3yr User) Side effects Grogginess/unable to function Addiction Stomach upset Interaction w/ other meds. Misuse Efficacy (would not work) Not Concerned 2 1 6% 6 ASK Q9 IF ACUTE REASON (1 OR 2) SELECTED IN Q5 AND PRESCRIBED BUT DID NOT FILL (1) NOT SELECTED IN Q4C, OTHERWISE SKIP TO Q12 9. How many pills did you receive (at one time) with your last opioid painkiller prescription? (n=151 Filled Rx for Acute Issue) Less than 3 days' worth Between 3 and 10 days 5 Between 11 and 30 days 2 More than 30 days Don't know/can't remember 4% 7% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 6 of 17
10. Would you say that the number of pills in your prescription was...? (n=151 Filled Rx for Acute Issue) Too Many 2 Just Right 5 Too Few Don't Know/Can't Remember 3% 11. Which of the following statements best describes what you did with your unused pills? (n=151 Filled Rx for Acute Issue) Kept them for future need Got rid of (NET) Disposed of at drop box Disposed of/threw out/flushed down Disposed of at recycling event Gave them away to family/friends Sold them Other Did not have any unused pills 13% 5% 1% 1% 27% 30% 40% 12. Assuming you wanted to dispose of any unused prescription pills, such as opioid painkillers, which of the following locations would you most likely use? (n=1,000) Drug Store Retailer 27% Police Station 16% Community recycling/take back event Local Hospital 13% Local Drug Store Substance abuse treatment center Long-term care facility 1% Other 5% Would not dispose them at any of these places Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 7 of 17
13. Please indicate your agreement with each of the following statements about opioid painkillers as a way of dealing with pain. %Very/Somewhat Agree More harmful the longer I take it More addictive than other prescription solutions Capable of making permanent changes to my brain Stronger at treating my pain than other prescription solutions The fastest way to treat my pain The best overall solution for reducing my pain The most appropriate solution for my pain A safer way to treat my pain than other prescription solutions Less effective than over-the-counter medications like Tylenol and Ibuprofen 35% 2 23% 35% B 15% 14% 7 7 80% 66% 77% 76% 60% 65% B 50% 63% 7 B 53% 5 7 B 4 57% B 56% B Total (n=1,000) User (A)(n=369) Non-User (B) (n=631) Note: Letters represent a significant difference between groups at 95% confidence interval 14. How concerned are you about the following when you or a loved on starts to take a prescription opioid painkiller? (n=1,000) Unintentional addiction Not at all concerned Somewhat concerned Extremely concerned 21% 3 41% Permanent changes to your brain chemistry 26% 3 36% Death due to accidental misuse or complications 2 3 3 Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 8 of 17
15. Have you ever done any of the following activities while under the influence of an opioid painkiller, that us during the time the painkiller was in effect? (n=369 Past 3yr User) % Yes Unsafe Behavior (NET) 57% Went to work 44% Drove a vehicle 36% Made an important personal or work decision 30% Operated heavy machinery 16. In your own opinion, how addictive are the following? (n=1,000) Heroin Very Addictive 8 Somewhat Addictive 7% Cocaine/Crack 80% 10% Methamphetamine/Crystal Meth Nicotine/Tobacco 76% 77% 15% Opioid prescription painkillers Alcohol Cell phones Gambling 60% 4 4 47% 2 41% 3 43% Fentanyl 43% 1 Internet 43% 45% Sugar 36% 45% Marijuana Online shopping 26% 21% 37% 53% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 9 of 17
Breakout View In your own opinion, how addictive are the following Opioid Prescription Painkillers Very Somewhat Not at All Don't Know Total (n=1,000) 60% 2 4% User (A) (n=369) 55% 34% B B Non-User (B) (n=631) 63% A 24% 7% 6% A Note: Letters represent a significant difference between groups at 95% confidence interval 17. Which of the following types of people do you believe are at risk to becoming addicted to opioid painkillers? 5 Anyone 53% 60% A 27% Those with addictive personalities 30% Those who cannot manage themselves 25% 24% 2 B 2 Total (n=1,000) Those who have a family history of addiction User (A) (n=369) 25% 2 B Non-User (B) (n=631) 2 2 Those with mental health issues 26% B 1 1% No one 0% 4% Don't know 5% A Note: Letters represent a significant difference between groups at 95% confidence interval Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 10 of 17
18. Which of the following best describes the act of sharing a prescription painkiller with a friend or family member? Appropriate thing to do 5% 5% 5% Total (n=1,000) User (A) (n=369) Non-User (B) (n=631) Slightly risky - Little to no negative consequences 23% 26% 21% Misdemeanor crime - Punishable with fine or minimal jail time 33% 37% 40% A Felony crime - Punishable with 1+ year of jail time 35% 36% 34% Note: Letters represent a significant difference between groups at 95% confidence interval 19. Which of the following best represents your familiarity with NARCAN or Naloxone, an antidote that can be used in the event of an opioid overdose? (n=1,000) Have used it to prevent or attempt to reverse an opioid overdose 3% Aware of it and confident I could use it Aware of it, but not sure how to use it 1 Heard of, but don't know much about it Never heard of it 3 Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 11 of 17
20. Which of the following is true of NARCAN or Naloxone? (n=1,000) Will cause harm if used improperly Available only to healthcare and emergency professionals TRUE FALSE Don't Know 36% 5% 5 30% 5 Available only with a prescription 2 10% 6 Simple to use 27% 65% Can only be used by those who have received detailed training 25% 13% 6 Contains more than one dose 13% 1 75% Available without a prescription 1 24% 64% Has a shelf-life of only one year 7% 8 Is covered by my insurance, Medicaid or Medicare 10% 8 Available at no cost 10% 23% 67% Cannot harm someone if misapplied 10% 2 61% Has a shelf-life of five or more years 84% 21. How confident are you that...? (n=1,000) You know where to go if you or a someone close to you needed treatment for opioid misuse Very Confident Somewhat Confident Not at all Confident 26% 3 35% You can spot the signs a drug overdose 1 44% 3 You can spot the signs of misuse or abuse of opioid painkillers 16% 37% 47% You know how to perform first aid if someone is experiencing an overdose 1 27% 61% You can appropriately use or administer NARCAN (an opioid overdose antidote) in the event of an overdose 1 73% You know how to obtain NARCAN (an opioid overdose antidote) 6% 77% You know which types of substance use treatments or medications work best for opioid misuse. 21% 71% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 12 of 17
22. How comfortable would you be administering first aid that includes rescue breathing and NARCAN to someone who is overdosing? (n=1,000) Family/Loved one Very comfortable Somewhat comfortable Not at all comfortable 25% 3 43% Friend or colleague 1 35% 46% Stranger 26% 63% 23. Now we would like to understand how much you know about treatment options for an opioid addiction. Which of the following is true of treatments for opioid misuse? (n=1,000) Detoxification and inpatient treatment is the most effective way to treat opioid misuse TRUE FALSE Don't Know 4 7% 45% Methadone or buprenorphine only trade one drug for another so aren't really treatment for addiction 2 61% Opioid misuse treatments options are covered by my insurance, Medicaid or Medicare 1 10% 7 Methadone and buprenorphine, medications used to treat opioid misuse, are the most effective treatments 14% 6 24. Do you or any of your family members have a history of...? Depression 3 51% B Alcoholism Use of psychiatric medication 1 27% 23% 26% B 34% B Total (n=1,000) User (A)(n=369) Non-User (B)(n=631) Physical, mental or sexual abuse 13% B 2 Do not have history with any of these 35% 4 A 56% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 13 of 17
Note: Letters represent a significant difference between groups at 95% confidence interval 25. Do you engage in any of the following social behaviors? Drink 1 or more alcoholic drink a week Smoke/chew tobacco Use marijuana recreationally w/o medical recommendation Use marijuana legally w/ medical recommendation Use illicit drugs Do not engage in any of these 20% B 23% 1 16% B 3% 5% 1% 4% 1% Note: Letters represent a significant difference between groups at 95% confidence interval 46% Total (n=1,000) User (A) (n=369) Non-User (B) (n=631) 5 A 5 26. In the past three years, have you or someone you know...? (n=1,000) Know Someone (NET) Myself Family/ Loved One Coworker or their family Neighbor or their family No one Impacted by Opioid/Heroin (Started/Addicted/Survived/Died NET) 35% Started Opioid/Heroin (NET) 2 Started to use opioid painkillers 25% 4% 5% 75% Started to use heroin 13% 1% 5% 3% 4% 87% Addicted Opioid/Heroin (NET) 21% Become addicted to opioid painkillers 4% 83% Become addicted to heroin 14% 1% 6% 3% 5% 86% Survived Opioid/Heroin (NET) 14% Survived an opioid painkiller overdose 10% 1% 4% 3% 90% Survived a heroin overdose 10% 1% 4% 4% 90% Died Opioid/Heroin (NET) 13% Died of an opioid painkiller overdose - 3% 1% 3% 9 Died of a heroin overdose - 4% 5% 8 Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 14 of 17
27. To the best of your knowledge, did the opioid or heroin usage you described begin with? (n=335 Know Someone Affected by Opioids/Heroin) Legitimate prescription opioid painkiller usage 45% Illegal or recreational drug usage 1 Both (more than one person involved) Don't know/not sure 27% 28. To the best of your knowledge, did the person you know (Select all that apply) (n=335 Know Someone Affected by Opioids/Heroin) Enter an inpatient treatment for opioid or heroin use 27% Successfully maintain their addiction recovery 21% Enter a Methadone clinic for opioid or heroin use Used buprenorphine (Suboxone) prescribed by a doctor 14% Used naltrexone (Vivitrol) prescribed by a doctor 6% Return to using opioids or heroin 20% Died of an opioid or heroin overdose following or while receiving treatment/medication 10% Don't know/not sure 36% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 15 of 17
29. To the best of your knowledge, did that person have difficulty getting access to treatment for opioid or heroin use due to...? (n=91 Know Someone Admitted for Treatment) Unwilling to commit to available treatment High cost of treatment 30% Lack of options covered by their insurance Lack of health insurance Lack of knowledge of options Lack of solutions in their immediate area Long wait time to access treatment 2 21% 1 1 1 Other None of these, they had easy access to inpatient treatment DEMOGRAPHICS 1. How old are you? (n=1,000) 18-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55 or more 1 10% 7% 34% 2. Are you? (n=1,000) Male Female 50% 50% Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 16 of 17
3. Which of the following best describes your ethnic origin? (n=1,000) Caucasian/White 77% African American/Black Hispanic/Latino Asian American Native American/Pacific Some other group 6% 3% 1% 4. Which of the following categories best describes your total annual household income before taxes? (n=1,000) Under $25,000 $25,000 - $49,999 $50,000 - $99,999 $100,000 - $149,999 $150,000 - $199,999 $200,000 or more Prefer not to answer 3% 1 2 35% 5. What state do you live in? (Based on Illinois Department of Human Services Regions) (n=1,000) Region 1 (Cook County) 40% Region 2 (Northern IL) Region 3 (North Central IL) Region 4 (Central IL) Region 5 (Southern IL) If you have additional questions about the content of this summary, please contact the National Safety Council at media@nsc.org. Opioid Painkiller Public Opinion Poll (August, 2017) Page 17 of 17