Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 4 (1): 21-26, 2005 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2005 Effect of Mnnnse on Broiler Performnce, Ilel nd In-vitro Protein Digestiility, Uric Acid nd Litter Moisture in Broiler Feeding A.A. Ski*, M.T. Mzugi nd A. Kmy Deprtment of Animl Science, Bu-Ali Sin University, Hmdn, Irn E-mil: drliski@yhoo.com Astrct: Protein digestiility nd uric cid excretion my ply the vitl role in feed efficiency nd consequently effect on roiler performnce. Five hundred unsexed Arin dy old chickens were plced fter pre-strter feeding (10 dys) in 22 pens with 23 chickens in ech. This study ws modulted in two levels of Mnnnse (Tred mrk of Hemicell enzyme) enzyme (0 nd 5 kg/ton) nd three levels of metolizle energy (3000, 2900 nd 2850 kcl/kg). Six tretments were rrnged nd sttisticl sttus ws in complete rndom design (CRD) y mngement in fctoril (2 x 3) in this experiment. There is no ny significnt effect on IIel protein digestiility y different levels of enzyme. Where this digestiility ws significntly higher (P<0.05) y 2900 kcl/kg metolizle energy (ME) compred to other level of energy (Tle 5). Ilel protein digestiility ws significntly higher (P<0.05) y interction etween 2900 Kcl/kg ME nd different levels of enzyme in comprison to 2850 kcl/kg ME with zero level of enzyme. Dry mtter in-vitro digestiility (DMID) ws greter significnt (P<0.05) y using enzyme compred with no enzyme tretment Incresed significntly in-vitro dry mtter digestiility (P<0.05) ws oserved y 2850 kcl/kg ME compred to other level of energy. Otherwise incresing significnt (P<0.05) dry mtter digestiility ws found y 2850 kcl/kg ME energy nd high level of enzyme compred to other tretment with exception of 2850 kcl/kg ME nd zero level of enzyme. The similr trend ws indicted on in-vitro protein digestiility (CPID) regrding enzyme rection. In ddition this item ws significntly decresed (P<0.05) y 3000 kcl/kg ME in comprison to other levels of energy. The highest significnt rte (P<0.05) ws ppered on in-vitro protein digestiility y interction etween of 2850kcl/kg ME nd high level of enzyme with exception of 2900 kcl/kg ME nd high mount of enzyme. Although no significnt rection ws oserved in uric cid excretion y energy ut this prmeter significntly decresed (P<0.05) y high level of enzyme. In their interction huge declining ws shown y 3000 kcl/kg ME nd high level of enzyme in comprison to 2900 kcl/kg ME nd low level of enzyme. No significntly response ws shown regrding litter moisture y ll tretments. No response hs een ppered in feed intke (FI) regrding enzyme level ut higher significnt (P<0.05) ody weight (BW) ws indicted y high level of enzyme in the end of experiment (42 dys of ge). Growth rte (GR) ws greter significnt (P<0.05) y using high level of enzyme ut no differences ws otined in feed conversion rtio (FCR) in concern to different levels of enzyme in the end of this study. The results of this study hve shown tht hemicell enzyme could improve performnce nd incresed IIel protein digestiility, in-vitro DM, CP digestiility nd reduction in uric cid excretion which my led to reduce protein utiliztion in roiler feeding Key words: Mnnnse, Ilel protein, In-vitro protein, digestiility Introduction Most scientific evidence hs demonstrted tht cerel nd fire content diets re not ccurtely utilized y poultry prticulrly in roiler feeding. Since their ility of gstrointestinl trct re not processed more fire nd cores rtion such s ruminnt. Therefore some contriutions need to e employed to solve this disility. In the view of this fct, enzyme could improve nutritionl vilility nd digestiility (Vorgen et l., 2001). Nutrient quntity could e recognized y chemicl composition ut nutrient qulity in feedstuff which is essentil for useful consumption, my chieved y vilility nd digestiility. In the cse of vilility, digestiility plys mjor role nd leds to enefit production in poultry industry. Therefore not only chemicl composition ut vilility nd digestiility of nutrient will improve y enzyme utiliztion (Chesson, 1993). Mesuring digestiility y in-vivo methods such s Ilel digestiility my eliminte the cteril fermenttion rther thn fecl digestiility (Nesheim nd Crpenter, 1967; Slter nd Costes, 1971). Since reduction this cteril fermented my decline digestiility to lower rte (Znell, et l., 1999). They lso noted tht ILel protein digestiility of diets sed corn nd soyen with nd without enzyme were (79.1 nd 86.5%) respectively. Apprent IIel protein digestiilities in heted nd extrcted soyen mel were (87.5 nd 82.2%) respectively (Ghzi et l., 2002 nd Mrsmn et l., 1997). In-vivo method is more ccurte rther thn in-vitro, ut it is much expensive nd procedure is longer nd tkes more time. Digestiility could e estimted y in-vitro method in the shorter time nd cheper wy 21
Ski et l.: Effect of Mnnnse on Broiler Performnce, (Moughn, 1999). The effect of vrious enzymes such s were tested y Mrqurdet Method (1983). Feed intke cellulose, xylnse, pectinse, hemicellulse, (FI), ody weight (BW), feed conversion rtio (FCR) nd glucnse, phytse nd protese hve een tested in growth rte (GR) were mesured regrding enzyme nd dry mtter nd protein in-vitro digestiility y (Sleh et l., energy levels. Dt ws nlysed y (SAS, 1996) 2003). They hve found tht there ws the significnt progrm nd mens were exmined y employed incresing effect of hemicellulse nd multi enzyme Duncn multiple test. without protese on in-vitro protein digestiility, ut cellulse, xylnse, phytse nd glucnse incresed protein digestiility y seprte procedure. Mlthi nd Devegowd, 2001 hve stted tht not only in-vitro digestiility incresed y pentosnse, pectinse nd cellulse enzymes ut decresing viscosity were ppered in sunflower mel, soyen mel, rice rn nd strter diet in this respect. Relesing sugr nd Results There is no ny different rection y enzyme levels on Ilel protein digestiility. Where tht Ilel protein digestiility incresed significntly (P<0.05) y 2900 kcl/ kg ME compred with other levels of energy. In the interction etween ME nd enzyme levels, 2900 kcl/kg ME nd different levels of enzyme ws drmticlly degrding polyscchrides ndings were significnt higher (P<0.05) thn 2850 ME nd zero level demonstrted y enzyme rection (Chesson, 1993). Incresing endogenous losses of mino cid nd 20% of nitrogen re well documented y none-strch polyscchrides (Angknporn nd Coct, 1994). Boiler performnce includes ody weight (BW), growth rte (GR), feed intke (FI) nd feed conversion rtion (FCR) incresed y enzyme supplementtion (Chesson, 1987; 1992; 1993; Choct nd Annison, 1990; Dierick, 1989). Most enzymes were considered in cerel (prticulrly in whet nd rley) Chesson, 1993, therefore limited work ws crried out to using enzyme in soyen mel with lots of inhiitors, prticulrly in comprison of in-vivo nd in-vitro methods in protein digestiility. Mnnn is mjor polyscchrides in soyen mel nd need to e elucidting (ChemGen, 2002). Consequently, this study ws focused to exmine the effect of hemicell (Mnnnse) enzyme on in-vitro dry mtter, protein nd ILel protein digestiility nd roiler performnce in response to different levels of energy. Excreting of uric cid nd litter moisture lso were considered in this of enzyme in Ilel protein digestiility (Tle 5). As illustrted in Tle 6, greter significnt incresed (p<0.05) ws ppered in dry mtter in-vitro digestiility y enzyme compred with no enzyme tretment. In the cse of ME, 2850 kcl/kg ME ws in the significnt higher rte (P<0.05) compred to other levels of energy. In concern to interction of these oth fctors high level of enzyme nd 2850 kcl/kg ME hve shown significnt rection (P<0.05) compred to other tretments with exception in 2850 in kcl/kg ME nd zero level of enzyme. The similr trend ws oserved in the cse of in-vitro protein digestiility regrding enzyme rection (Tle 6). Significnt extreme rge of (P<0.05) in-vitro protein digestiility ws found y 2900 nd 2850 kcl/kg ME in comprison to 3000 kcl/kg ME. In relted to interction etween these oth prmeters predominnt significnt (P<0.05) reflection ws indicted in 2850 kcl/kg ME nd high level of enzyme mong of tretments. Although this ws in the similr rnge y 2900 kcl/kg ME nd high level of enzyme (Tle 6). Uric cid excretion ws study. significntly reduced (P<0.01) y enzyme supplementtion (Tle 7). In contrst no differences Mterils nd Methods were shown y vrious level of ME on this item. In Five hundred unsexed Arin roiler chickens were kept comprison huge decresed uric cid excretion ws s group in pre-strter diet in the first 10 dy of ge. pproched y interction 3000 kcl/kg ME nd high After 10 dys they were plced in 22 pens with 23 level of enzyme mong of tretments (Tle 7). No chickens in ech to 42 dys of ge. Rering condition responses were oserved relted to energy, enzyme such s temperture, humidity, vccintion, lighting nd their interction effects on litter moisture in the end regime were similr nd hve een rrnged sed on of experiment (Tle 7). In feed intke (FI) higher recommendtion in guideline of rering Arin roiler significnt response (P<0.05) ws oserved y (Supporting Arin poultry Centre, 2000). Two levels 2850kcl/kg ME compred with other levels of energy in enzyme (0 nd 5 kg/ton) nd three levels of metolize 21 dy chicken. This consumption lso ws reduced energy (ME) 3000, 2900 nd 2850 kcl/kg were used significntly (P<0.05) y high level enzyme compred s six tretments for strter nd lso grower diets. with low level. High significntly (P<0.05) feed intke These rtions were modulted y NRC (1994) were presented y Interction of 2850 kcl/me nd recommended (Tle 1, 2, 3 nd 4). Complete rndom different levels of enzyme in comprison to other design with fctoril mngement (2 x 3) were used in tretments (Tle 8). No differences were indicted in ll sttisticl procedure of this experiment. In-vitro dry these items in feed intke of 42 dy old chicken. Body mtter digestiility (IDMD), protein digestiility (IPD) nd weight (BW) ws not chnged y enzyme nd energy Ilel protein digestiility (IlPD) were determined y fuller levels in 21 dy old chicken ut the highest rte of this methods (Fuller, 1993). Uric cid nd litter moisture chrcter ws oserved in 3000 kcl/kg ME nd high 22
Ski et l.: Effect of Mnnnse on Broiler Performnce, Tle 1: Ingredient of strter rtions in different tretments (%) Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 Corn 55.48 55.37 53.00 52.80 55.60 55.56 Soyen mel 34.38 34.40 31.21 31.23 29.86 29.80 Whet - - 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 Fish mel 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.06 Sunflower oil 3.66 3.7 1.32 1.41 - - D. C. P 1.34 1.34 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.37 Cco3 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.19 Ncl 0.33 0.33 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.32 Minerl permix 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 c Vitmin permix 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 DL-Methionine 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.15 d Hemicell - 0.05-0.05-0.05 Totl 100 100 100 100 100 100, Soyen mel with 42% crude protein;, Mn 64 gr, Zn 44gr, Fe 100 gr, Cu 16 gr, I 0.64 gr nd Se 8 gr (per 1 kg premix); c, A 7.7 gr, D 3 7 gr, E 14.4 gr, B 12 14.4 gr, K 3 1.6 gr, B 2 3.3 gr, B 5 12 gr nd Colin Chloride 440 mg (Per 1 Kg Permix); d, Hemicell enzyme; 1 to 6, re tretments, without nd with enzyme nd includes metolizle energy in, 3000, 2900 nd 2850 Kcl/kg respectively Tle 2: Chemicl composition of different rtions in strter of roiler feeding (%) Nutrients 1-2+ 3-4+ 5-6+ ME 3000 3000 2900 2900 2850 2850 CP 21.51 21.96 20.59 20.61 20.37 20.28 ME/CP 139.40 136.60 140.80 140.70 139.90 140.50 1 to 6, re tretments, without (-) nd with (+) enzyme nd includes metolizle energy in, 3000, 2900 nd 2850 Kcl/kg respectively; ME, Metolizle energy; CP, Crude protein. Tle 3: Ingredient of grower rtions in different tretments (%) Ingredient 1 2 3 4 5 6 Corn 55.77 57.77 60.92 60.92 60.36 60.35 Soyen mel 29.72 28.20 27.30 27.30 27.93 27.93 Whet 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 Sunflower oil 2.82 2.50 - - - - D. C. P 1.39 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.35 Cco3 1.39 1.30 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 Ncl 0.32 0.31 0.36 0.31 0.31 0.31 Minerl permix 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 c Vitmin permix 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 DL-Methionine 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 d Hemicell - 0.05-0.05-0.05 Totl 100 100 100 100 100 100, Soyen mel with 42% crude protein;, Mn 64 gr, Zn 44gr, Fe 100 gr, Cu 16 gr, I 0.64 gr nd Se 8 gr (per 1 kg premix); c, A 7.7 gr, D 3 7 gr, E 14.4 gr, B 12 14.4 gr, K 3 1.6 gr, B 2 3.3 gr, B 5 12 gr nd Colin Chloride 440 mg (Per 1 Kg Permix); d, Hemicell enzyme; 1 to 6, re tretments, without nd with enzyme nd includes metolizle energy in, 3000, 2900 nd 2850 Kcl/kg respectively. levels of enzyme (638.96 g) compred with 2900 kcl/kg 3000 nd 2900 kcl/kg ME (Tle 9). Most highlighted ME nd high level of enzyme (Tle 8). No response significnt (P<0.05) FCR ws shown y interction of ws shown y different level of energy in BW in 42 dys 3000 kcl/kg ME nd high level of enzyme with other of ge. Where this fctor ws incresed significntly tretment, with exception in 3000kcl/kg ME nd low (P<0.05) y high level of enzyme. The highest ody level of enzyme. In contrst no differences hve found in weight in this period ws shown y interction of 3000 42 dys of ge regrding this prmeter (Tle 9). kcl/kg ME nd high level of enzyme in comprison to Growth rte (GR) ws the similr y ll tretments in the 2850 kcl/kg ME nd low level of enzyme, (Tle 8). end of 21 dy of ges (Tle, 9). No reflection ws Although no rection ws indicted in feed conversion illustrted y different levels of energy in GR y 42 dys rtio y enzyme in 21 dys of ge ut desirle ut this fctor ws significntly greter (P<0.05) y high significnt (P<0.05) re of this chrcter ws otined in level of enzyme. Highest GR ws pproched y 2900 23
Ski et l.: Effect of Mnnnse on Broiler Performnce, Tle 4: Chemicl composition of different rtions in grower of roiler feeding (%) Nutrients 1-2+ 3-4+ 5- -6 ME 3000 3000 2900 2900 2850 2850 CP 18.29 18.34 18.08 18.02 17.82 17.82 ME/CP 164.00 163.55 160.30 160.90 145.50 161.20 1 to 6, re tretments, without (-) nd with (+) enzyme nd includes metolizle energy in, 3000, 2900 nd 2850 Kcl/kg respectively; ME, Metolizle energy; CP, Crude protein. Tle 5: ILel protein digestiility in response to different levels of energy nd enzyme In 42 dys of ge Effects Amount Protein digestiility (%) Energy levels 3000* 61.69 2900 63.79 2850 60.94 Enzyme levels - 61.80 0.5** 62.48 Interction energy nd enzyme I-ME- E 61.32± 0.98 2-ME +E 62.07 ±0.98 3-ME- E 63.77 ±0.84 4- ME+E 63.82 ±0.84 5-ME- E 60.33± 0.84 6- ME+E 61.56 ± 0.84 1 to 6, re tretments, without ( E) nd with enzyme (+E) nd includes metolizle energy (ME) in, 3000, 2900 nd 2850 Kcl/kg respectively. * Kcl/kg; ** (%); Mens in the sme column with no common superscript re different significntly (P<0.05). Tle 6: In-vitro dry mtter nd protein digestiility in response to different levels of energy nd enzyme in 42 dys of ge Effects Amount Dry mtter (%) Crude protein (%) Energy levels 3000* 68.29 60.63 2900 67.00 64.12 2850 74.13 64.95 Enzyme levels - 68.30 62.49 0.5** 71.31 64.96 c d Interction energy nd enzyme I-ME- E 67.21 ± 1.88 60.14 ± 0.97 c d 2-ME +E 69.38 ± 1.88 61.13 ± 0.97 c c 3-ME- E 64.53 ±1.62 64.40 ± 0.84 c 4- ME +E 69.48 ±1.62 65.25 ± 0.84 dc 5-ME- E 73.18 ±1.62 62.35 ± 0.84 6- ME +E 75.09 ± 1.62 67.56 ± 0.84 1 to 6, re tretments, without ( E) nd with enzyme (+E) nd includes metolizle energy (ME) in, 3000, 2900 nd 2850 Kcl/kg respectively. *Kcl/kg; ** (%); Mens in the sme column with no common superscript re different significntly (P<0.05). Tle 7: Uric cid nd Litter moisture in response to different levels of energy nd enzyme in 42 dys of ge Effects Amount Uric cid (%) Litter Moisture (%) Energy levels 3000* 70.95 4.49 2900 75.11 5.31 2850 73.12 4.13 Enzyme levels - 79.94 4.68 0.5** 66.61 4.64 Interction energy nd enzyme I-ME- E 74.90 ± 6.10 4.10 ± 1.33 8 2-ME +E 64.90 ± 7.4 4.88 ± 1.33 3-ME- E 84.48 ±6.10 5.50 ± 1.15 4- ME +E 68.08 ±5.29 5.12 ± 1.15 5-ME- E 80.24 ±5.29 4.30 ± 1.15 6- ME +E 65.99 ± 5.29 3.97 ± 1.15 1 to 6, re tretments, without (-E) nd with enzyme (+E) nd includes metolizle energy (ME) in, 3000, 2900 nd 2850 Kcl/kg respectively. * Kcl/kg; ** (%); Mens in the sme column with no common superscript re different significntly (P<0.05). 24
Ski et l.: Effect of Mnnnse on Broiler Performnce, Tle 8: Broiler feed intke nd ody weight in response to different levels of enzyme nd energy Effects FI BW ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ 21 dys 42dys 21 dys 42 dys ME 3000 630.72 4298.77 633.43 2233.36 2900 651.79 4309.45 622.40 2238.12 2850 707.84 4394.58 223.52 2218.90 E 0.00 676.31 4424.28 629.38 2198.97 0.5 654.11 4223.56 622.30 2258.99 ME x E, 1 - E 649.69 4375.99 632.01 2238.00 2+ E 611.73c 4156.48 638.96 2268.13 3 - E 662.71 4441.07 630.38 2213.33 4+ E 640.86c 4177.84 614.45 2261.79 5 - E 716.54 4452.79 628.15 2170.88 6+ E 699.13 4336.38 619.17 2265.09 FI, Feed intke; BW, ody weight; ME, Metolizle energy, E, Enzyme; -, without enzyme; +, with enzyme; Tretments from 1 to 6 re without nd with enzyme includes 3000, 2900 nd 2850 kcl/kg ME respectively; Mens in the sme column with no common superscript re different significntly (P<0.05) Tle 9: Broiler feed conversion rtio nd growth rte in response to different levels of enzyme nd energy Effects FCR GR -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ 21 dys 42dys 21 dys 42 dys ME 3000 0.99 1.89 455.68 534.04 2900 1.04 1.92 441.59 595.82 2850 1.13 1.98 440.80 544.00 E 0.00 1.07 2.00 449.35 535.45 0.5 1.05 1.86 440.94 589.71 ME x E, 1 - E 1.03c 1.95 451.39 572.53 2+ E 0.96c 1.83 459.97 513.53 3 - E 1.05 2.00 450.55 572.63 4+ E 1.04 1.84 432.64 619.01 5 - E 1.12 2.05 446.64 470.45 6+ E 1.12 1.91 434.96 617.55 FCR, Feed conversion rtio; GR, Growth rte; ME, Metolizle energy, E, Enzyme; -, without enzyme; +, with enzyme ; Tretments from 1 to 6 re without nd with enzyme includes 3000, 2900 nd 2850 kcl/kg ME respectively; Mens in the sme column with no common superscript re different significntly (P<0.05). kcl/kg ME nd high level enzyme with compred to 2850kcl/kg ME nd low level of enzyme in 42 of ge (Tle 9). Discussion In spite of considerle progress in chemicl composition methods, there is no ny dout tht vilility nd digestiility of nutrients ply the mjor role in poultry feedstuffs to led desirle production. Numerous studies hve elucidted the enzyme influence in incresing protein digestiility (Delng et l., 1998; Gdl, et l., 1997; Ppdopoulos, 1998; Wright, 1995; Yser, 2002). Although in this investigtion no response ws found in relted to enzyme effect s single fctor on Ilel protein digestiility, ut, in comintion of different levels of enzyme nd 2900 kcl/ kg ME significnt greter effect (P<0.05) ws recognized on Ilel protein digestiility. This ws gree with ove results s generl chievements. In ddition in the prticulr cse Bidoo et l., 1998 nd Znell et l., 1999 hve noted tht the influence of enzyme incresed IIel protein digestiility. This study hs resulted to the incresing effect of enzyme nd ME comintion on invitro dry mtter nd protein digestiility which is confirmed y (Sleh et l., 2003). In the cse of declining uric cid y enzyme supplementtion could e relted to more vilility nd digestiility of protein nd therefore eliminted nitrogen excretion s min mteril of uric cid production. Consequently reduction in uric cid excretion my reduce the environmentl contmintion. In future this could led to the lower rte of crude protein in roiler rtion which treted y enzyme supplementtion. In-vivo techniques re expensive to crry out for feed evlution, require personl with specil skill nd frequently cll for lrge mounts rw mterils with tking more time. In the feed stndrd ssy for predicts the nutritive vlue of feeding stuffs ccurtely without experimentl niml, will e focused in the coming up investigtion (Fuller, 1993). Incresing digestive cpcity y using enzyme my lso ffect roiler performnce prticulrly in feeds intke (Chesson, 1987 nd 1992). Growth rte, FCR nd BW 25
Ski et l.: Effect of Mnnnse on Broiler Performnce, hve een chnged y enzyme nd these finding hve proved y (Choct nd Annison, 1990; Diertick, 1989). These results were corresponding y otining of current study in regrding to use Mnnnse enzyme for improving roiler performnce. Conclusion: Soyen mel s min source of plnt protein in roiler nutrition could e more useful y Mnnnse enzyme supplementtion. Since with improving protein digestiility nd decresing uric cid excretion my reduce rtion price nd sve environmentl spects y nitrogen contmintion. On the other hnd improving roiler performnce my led to finncil enefit y the results of this study. The detils in mechnism of this enzyme should e clrified y further scientific investigtions. Acknowledgments Our Specil thnks to Bou-Ali Sin university for providing fcilities in this study. We lso wish to thnks to stuffs of dept. Animl Science in this university for their excellent scientific collortion nd Vetqe Compny for finncil support in this study. References Angknporn, K. nd M. Coct, 1994. Effect of whet pentosns on endogenous mino cid losses in chickens. J. Food Sci. Agri., 66: 399-404. Bidoo, S.K., Y.G. Lui nd D. Yungiut, 1998. Effect of microil enzyme supplementtion on energy, mino cid digestiility nd performnce of pigs fed hulls rley sed diets. Cn. J. Anim. Sci., 78: 625-631. ChemGen, Crop, 2002. hemicell feed enzyme, filed nd pen tril for swine, roiler, ducks, lying hens nd turkeys. Mnul of Hemicell enzyme. Chesson, A., 1987. Supplementry enzymes to improve the utiliztion of pig nd poultry diets. In: W. Hresign nd D. A. Cole (Editors), Recent Advnces In Animl Nutrition. Butterworth, London, pp: 71-89. Chesson, A., 1992. Effect of supplementry enzymes in rley diets. Options Mediterr, Ser, A, 20: 555-62. Chesson, A., 1993. Feed enzymes. Anim. Feed Sci., Tec., 45: 65-79. Choct, M. nd G. Annison, 1990. Anti-nutritive ctivity of whet pentosns in roiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci., 31: 811-821. Delng, C.F.M., V.M. Gert nd J.F. Ptience, 1998. Digestile energy content nd pprent Ilel mino cid digestiilities in regulr or prtil mechniclly dehulled cnol mel smples fed to growing pigs. Cn. J. Anim. Sci., 78: 633-640. Diertick, N.A., 1989. Biotechnology ids to improve feed nd feed digestion: enzymes nd fermenttion. Archives Anim. Nutr., 39: 241-261. Fuller, M.F., 1993. In-vitro digestiility for pig nd poultry, Second edition, C. A. B. Interntionl, P: 209. Gdl, G., A.G.M. Jnsmn, L. Burczwsk, J. Huismn nd P.V. Leeuwen, 1997. The influence of - glctosidse supplementtion of Ilel digestiility of lupine seed crohydrtes nd dietry protein in young pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Tec., 67: 115-125. Ghzi, S., J.A. Rooke, H. Glrith nd M.R. Bedford, 2002. The potentil for the improvement of the nutritive vlue of soy-en mel y different proteses in roiler chicks nd roiler cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci., 43: 70-77. Mlthi, V. nd G. Devegowd, 2001. In-vitro evlution of non-strch polyscchrides digestiility of feed ingredients y enzymes. Poult. Sci., 80: 302-305. Mrqurdet, R.R., 1983. A simple spectophotometric method for the direct determintion of uric cid in vin excret. Poult. Sci., 62: 2106-2108. Mrsmn, G.J.P., H. Gruppen, A.F.B. Vn Der Poel, R.P. Kwkkel, M.W.A. Verstegen nd A.G.J. Vorgn, 1997. The effect of therml processing nd enzyme tretments of soyen mel on growth performnce, Ilel nutrient digestiilities nd chyme chrcteristics in roiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 78: 864-872. Moughn, P.J, 1999. In-vitro technique for the ssessment of the nutritive vlue of feed grin for pigs: A review. Aust. J. Agri. Res., 50: 871-879. Ntionl Reserch Council, 1994. Nutrient requirements th of poultry. 9 Review Ed. Ntionl Acdemy Press, Wshington, D C. Nesheim, M. nd K.J. Crpenter, 1967. The digestion of het dmged protein. Br. J. Nutr., 21: 399-406. Ppdopoulos, M.C., 1998. Estimtion of mino cid digestiility nd vilility in feed stuffs for poultry, In: WWW.tls.sct.emrp.r/pu/pu/.nsf/441. Sleh, F., A. Ohtsuk, T. Tnk nd K. Hyshi, 2003. Effect of enzymes of microil origin on in-vitro digestiility of dry mtter nd crude protein in soyen mel. Anim. Sci. J., 74: 23-30. Slter, D.N. nd M.E. Costes, 1971. The influence of the micro flor of the limentry trct on protein digestion in the chick. Br. J. Nutr., 26: 55-59. SAS Institute Inc, 1996. SAS User s guide: Sttisticl, version 6.12 (Cry North Crolin, SAS Institute Inc). Vorgen, F., G. Beldmn nd H. Schols, 2001. Chemistry nd enzymology of pectins. In: Mclery, B. V. nd L. Prosky. (eds) Advnce dietry feed technology. Blckwell Science, London, pp: 379. Wright, P.A, 1995. Nitrogen excretion: three end products, mny physiologicl roles (Review). J. Exp. Bio., 198: 273-281. Yser, S., 2002. In-vitro nd in-vivo vriility in the nutritionl compositions of whet vrieties, Pk. J. Nutr., 1: 248-256. Znell, I., N.K. Skomur, F.G. Silversides, A. Fiqueird, nd M. Pck, 1999. Effect of enzyme supplementtion of roiler diets sed on corn nd soyens. Poult. Sci., 78: 561-568. 26