Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 9 (3): 278-282, 2010 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2010 Effet of Using Fenugreek, Prsley nd Sweet Bsil Seeds s Feed Additives on the Performne of Broiler Chikens Ri J. As Deprtment of Animl Prodution, College of Agriulture, University of Bsr, Bsr, Irq Astrt: A reserh study ws onduted to find the effet of Fenugreek (Trigonell Foenum-Greum L.), prsley (Petroselium stivm L.) nd Sweet Bsil (Oimum silium L.) seeds s nturl feed dditives on roiler performne. A totl of 120 dy-old hiks were rered for 42 dys. Feed nd wter were provided d liitum. Chiks were divided into four tretments (30 irds eh). Eh tretment ontined three replites of 10 irds. Eh tretment ws fed on one of the following experimentl diets:1) Control diets (without supplementtion). 2) Control diets supplied with Fenugreek t 3 g/kg of the diet. 3) Control diets supplied with prsley t 3 g/kg of the diet. 4) Control diets supplied with Bsil t 3 g/kg of the diet. Chiks fed sil diets hd signifintly (p<0.05) heviest ody weight thn those fed the ontrol nd fenugreek diets. Crss hrteristis hd no signifint differenes. Signifint redution ourred in serum holesterol s ompred to ontrol diets. It would suggested tht the supplementtion of roiler hiks diets with (3 g/kg) sil or prsley seeds improved produtive performne. Key words: Fenugreek, prsley, sil, feed dditives, roiler performne INTRODUCTION Feed dditive re importnt mterils tht n improve the effiieny of feed utiliztion nd niml performne. The possiility of using new nturl lterntive dditives insted of ntiiotis nd hormone in niml diets is eing reently used. Some plnts, ontining vrious essentil oils, hve een used s lterntive remedies y some reserhers (Ceyln et l., 2003). Some studies hve indited tht vrious plnts extrts n improve feed onversion rtio, inrese rss qulity, derese the mrket ge of roiler nd redued their rering ost (Jved et l., 2009). Fenugreek (Trigonell Foenum-Greum L.), like other legumes, is good soure of dietry protein (pproximtely 20-30%) for onsumption y humn nd nimls, the ftty ids from 50% whih re predominntly linolei, linoleni, olei nd plmti ids. It hd 45-65% totl rohydrtes with 15% of gltomnnn ( solule fier) (Shryver, 2002). Fenugreek leves nd seeds hve een used extensively to prepre extrts nd powders for mediinl uses (Bsh et l., 2003). It s reported to hve nti-dieti, nti-fertility, nti-ner, nti-miroil, ntiprsiti, hypo-holesterolemi effets (Al-Hori nd Romn, 2002). Also it ontins mny minerls nd vitmins (Mihel nd Kumwt, 2003). Prsley (Petroselium stivm L.) is mostly ultivted s nnul ulinry her nd is widely grown in Europe nd Western Asi (Peter, 2004). Prsley seed ontins 2-8% essentil oil with lph-pinene, piol, myristiin nd tetrmethoxyllyenzene s the mjor onstituents. It lso ontins 13-22% fixed oil onsisting minly of petroselini id nd smller mounts of linolei, myristi, myristoli, olei, plmti nd steri nd 7- otdeenoi ids (Leung, 1980). The leves, roots, nd seeds re diureti, redue the relese of histmines nd svenge skin ging free rdils. Also prsley improves their helth nd sent (Rihmond nd Mkley, 2000). Prsley is rih in suh minerls s lium, potssium, iron nd vitmins suh s A, C, thimin, rioflvin nd niin (Review of Nturl Produts, 1991) nd rih in sori id nd hene is good lood lenser. It inreses the seretion nd dishrge of urine nd relieves fltulene. Bruised prsley seeds used to e given ginst plgue nd intermittent fevers, while the externl pplition of the leves my help to dispel tumors. It hs rmintive, toni nd perients tion, strong deotion of the root eing of gret servie in grvel, stone, kidney ongestion, jundie nd dropsy (Duke et l., 2009). Bsil (Oimum silium L.) known s Sweet nd Grden Bsil, is ommonly ultivted throughout Mediterrnen region (Gnsoundri et l., 1997). Bsil seeds re used s diureti, ntipyreti, ntispsmodi nd stomhi (Ageel et l., 1987). Severl investigtors reported tht using Mediinl nd Aromti Plnts (MAP) in roiler diets improved ody weight, ody weight gin, feed onversion effiieny nd redue the ost of feed (Azou, 2001; Tuker, 2002; Aliek et l., 2004; Osmn et l., 2004; Adel-Azeem, 2006). Osmn et l. (2004) reported tht reltive eonomil effiieny ws improved y inresing the inlusion level of rdish or prsley out 33.5% nd 22.2% respetively. Therefore, MAP is preferle s feed dditives nd growth promoters. It ws neessry to throw some more light on these plnts onerning their effets on roiler performne. So the ojetive of the present study ws 278
Int. J. Poult. Si., 9 (3): 278-282, 2010 to investigte the impts of different types of MAP i.e., Fenugreek, Prsley nd Bsil seeds s nturl feed dditives on the performne of roiler hiks. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study ws rried out t the Poultry Reserh Frm, Animl Resoure Deprtment, College of Agriulture, nd University of Bsr from 18/11/2008 to 30/12/2008. Chemil nlyses were performed in the lortories of the sme deprtment ording to the proedures outlined y AOAC (1990). A totl of 120 dy-old roiler hiks were rndomly distriuted into four groups of 30 hiks eh. Eh group ws fed on the one of the following experimentl diets: 1- Control diet (without supplementtion). 2- Control diet supplied with Fenugreek seeds t 3 g/kg of the diet. 3- Control diet supplied with prsley seeds t 3 g/kg of the diet. 4- Control diet supplied with Bsil seeds t 3 g/kg of the diet. The omposition of the sl diet is presented in Tle 1. Birds were given strter diet to 21 d nd finisher diet to 42 d. Eh group ws fed d liitum its own diet for period of 42 dys. 24 h light ws provided per dy. Birds reeived ll vintion required. Chiks were weighted t 21 nd 42 dys of ge, feed onsumption nd feed onversion effiieny (g feed: g gin) were mesured during the experimentl period. At the end of the experimentl period four hiks (2 mles nd 2 femles) of similr ody weight from eh tretment group were slughtered to determine lood prmeters, some rss trits, dressing perentge nd totl gilets % (gizzrd, liver nd hert). A hemil ompositions of mediinl plnts used in the present study (on dry sis) is shown in Tle 2. All dt were sujeted to n ANOVA proedure of SPSS (2001). Signifint tretment mens were seprted y using the Lest Signifint Differene (L.S.D.) test (SPSS, 2001). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Tle 3 showed tht hiks fed diets supplemented with 3 g/kg sil seeds hd the highest vlues (p<0.05) of Live Body Weight (LBW) t 21 nd 42 dys of ge. However, insignifint effet ws oserved in LBW of irds onsuming 3 g/kg fenugreek seeds s ompred to ontrol diets t 42 dys of ge. The improvement in ody weight my e due to the presene of ft solule, unidentified ftors nd essentil ftty ids in mediinl nd romti plnts (Murry et l., 1991), or due to stimulting effet on the digestive system of roilers (Hernndez et l., 2004). Suh improvement my e due to the ntispsmodi nd rmintive properties of prsley (Osm nd Ad El-Wh, 2009) ntipyreti, ntispsmodi, stomhi ntioxidnt nd ntimiroil tivities of sil (Ageel et l., 1987; Seung-Jool et l., 2005; Hussin et l., 2008). Moreover, the essentil oils in sil her hs lso een found to hve nti-infetive Tle 1: The ingredients nd omposition of sl diet Strter diet Finisher diet Ingredient (%) (1-21) dys (22-42) dys Yellow orn 50 57 Whet 17 14 Soyen mel (44%) 22 20 Protein onentrtion (50%) 9.0 7.0 Limestone 0.5 0.5 Vitmin/minerl premix 1.0 1.0 Slt 0.5 0.5 Totl 100 100 Clulted omposition Kl ME/Kg diet 3023 3057 Crude protein (%) 22.00 20.00 Ether extrt (%) 3.41 3.51 Crude fier (%) 3.03 3.00 Clorie:protein rtio 137.41 152.85 Clium (%) 1.01 0.83 Phosphorus ville (%) 0.49 0.42 Methionine (%) 0.78 0.51 Lysine (%) 1.17 1.05 Methionine + Cystine (%) 0.77 0.71 Tle 2: Chemil omposition of Fenugreek, prsley nd sil seeds Item Fenugreek Prsley Bsil Moisture (%) 6.74 8.05 4.99 Crude protein (%) 24.13 21.47 13.74 Ether extrt (%) 7.07 12.18 4.36 Crude fier (%) 10.76 14.77 10.51 Ash (%) 3.68 8.94 9.51 Nitrogen-free extrt (%) 54.36 42.64 61.88 Orgni mtter (%) 96.32 91.06 90.49 ME/Kl */KG 3819.87 3656.39 3542.97 *Clulted ording to Crpenter nd Clegg (1956) y pplying the eqution: ME (Kl/kg) = (35.3*CP %) + (79.5*EE %) + (40.6*NFE %) +199 funtion y inhiiting mny pthogeni teri like Stphyloous, Enterooi, Shigell nd pseudomons (www.nutrition -nd- you.om). These finding were disgreement with those of Azou (2001) who noted tht dding fenugreek to roiler diet resulted in inresed ody weight. Also Tle 3 indited tht feeding different type of Mediinl nd Aromti Plnts (MAP) supplementtion signifintly (p<0.05) ffeted Feed Intke (FI) vlue during the experimentl period. Broiler fed sil, Prsley nd fenugreek seeds hd the lower feed intke vlue during 42 dys of ge while there re insignifint differenes ppered when hiks fed fenugreek seeds during 21 dys s ompred with ontrol groups. The improvement in feed intke with the ddition of MAP ould e due to essentil oils nd their min omponent whih stimulted the ppetizing nd digestive proess in nimls (Cuk et l., 2003). Az (2007) indited tht the level (0.5%) fenugreek seeds used signifint derese in feed onsumption nd improved the feed onversion of lying hens. Dt presented in Tle 3 showed tht Mediinl nd Aromti Plnts (MAP) signifintly (p<0.05) ffeted 279
Int. J. Poult. Si., 9 (3): 278-282, 2010 Tle 3: Feed intke, ody weight nd feed onversion rtio in 21 nd 42 dys of ge (men±se) 21 dys of ge 42 dys of ge ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tretments FI (g) LBW (g) FCR (g/g) FI (g) LBW (g) FCR (g/g) Control (0) 608 ±30.02 389 ±11.64 1.79 ±0.028 3387 ±11.86 1580 ±43.00 2.24 ±0.052 Fenugreek (3 g/kg) 568 ±6.34 359 ±6.09 1.78 ±0.045 3212 ±7.78 1599 ±18.47 2.06 ±0.049 Prsley (3 g/kg) 662 ±7.56 404 ±8.19 1.82 ±0.042 3071 ±9.55 1671 ±12.73 1.88 ±0.050 Bsil (3 g/kg) 631 ±5.57 420 ±9.57 1.66 ±0.010 3056 ±5.79 1712 ±17.80 1.83 ±0.050 FI, Feed Intke; LBW, Live Body Weight; FCR, Feed Conversion Rtio; mens in the sme olum with no ommon supersript re different signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 4: Crss hrteristi t 42 dys of ge of hiks reeived Fenugreek, prsley nd sil diets (men±se) Tretment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chrteristi Control 0 Fenugreek (3 g/kg) Prsley (3 g/kg) Bsil (3 g/kg) Signifine Dressing perentge with out gilets 67.80±1.02 67.56±0.25 67.57±0.56 67.95±0.33 NS Liver weight (%) 3.51±0.22 3.23±0.28 3.73±0.25 3.57±0.29 NS Gizzrd weight (%) 1.68±0.078 1.76±0.124 1.74±0.066 1.80±0.177 NS Hert weight (%) 0.69±0.092 0.70±0.072 0.73±0.071 0.75±0.102 NS Totl Gilets (%) 5.88±0.38 5.60±0.32 6.20±0.29 6.13±0.21 NS Totl Edile (%) 73.68±0.76 73.25±0.13 73.77±0.36 74.08±0.28 NS Spleen weight (%) 0.20±0.06 0.19±0.07 0.20±0.02 0.19±0.05 NS Pnres weight (%) 0.21±0.03 0.24±0.12 0.27±0.01 0.29±0.02 NS Intestine weight (%) 4.47±0.19 6.33±1.05 5.14±0.15 5.44±0.44 NS Ceum Weight (g) 16.57±1.56 15.83±0.62 19.00±0.58 16.83±0.83 NS Burs of friius weight (%) 0.14±0.027 0.11±0.018 0.08±0.015 0.08±0.013 NS Intestine Length (m) 169.33±4.81 167.00±11.55 170.33±5.18 188.12±6.67 NS Ceum Length (m) 18.66±1.20 17.67±0.33 19.00±0.58 19.67±0.88 NS Crss length (m) 26.00±0.66 26.33±0.33 26.33 ±0.33 27.00±0.57 NS Tle 5: Some lood hrteristi t 42 dys of ge of hik fed Fenugreek, prsley nd sil seeds (men±se) Tretment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prmeters Control 0 Fenugreek (3 g/kg) Prsley (3 g/kg) Bsil (3 g/kg) Signifine Totl protein (g dl ) 3.46±0.199 4.17±0.150 4.08±0.167 3.42±0.364 NS Alumin (g dl ) 1.23±0.053 1.51±0.062 1.30±0.143 1.39±0.091 NS Gloulin (g dl ) 2.57±0.240 2.66±0.139 2.78±0.059 2.02±0.373 NS Alumin/Gloulin rtio 0.51±0.093 0.58±0.086 0.52±0.071 0.52±0.047 NS Cholesterol (mg dl ) 183 ±4.38 149 ±4.67 152 ±10.51 140 ±14.02 0.05 Gluose (mg dl ) 135.37±0.81 132.67±2.61 134.66±1.77 137.00±1.53 NS *Vlue in the sme rw with different supersripts re signifintly different Feed Conversion Rtio (FCR) during 21 nd 42 dys of ge. There ws no signifint differene in FCR showed etween fenugreek, prsley nd ontrol groups t 21 dys of ge. While hiks fed the diets supplemented with sil t levels 3 g/kg hd the est FCR vlue t the two ges s ompred to ontrol groups. These results gree with the finding of El-Gendi et l. (1994) who indited tht there ws n improvement in feed onversion with feeding herl produts s feed dditives tht ould e ttriuted to their effet on improving the digestiility of dietry protein in the smll intestine. Results presented in Tle 4 indited tht feeding 3 g/kg of fenugreek, prsley nd sil seeds insignifintly ffeted ll slughters prmeters. Those results gree with finding of Az (2001) nd Guo et l. (2004) who reported tht ddition of MAP hd no effets on rss trits. Moreover, Azou (2001); El-Husseiny et l. (2002) nd Hssn et l. (2004) found tht ddition of MAP hd signifintly higher dressing perent in roiler thn those fed ontrol diets. Dt of serum onstituents nlysis re summrized in Tle 5. The results of serum onstituents indited tht feeding fenugreek, prsley nd sil seeds were not signifintly ffeted to totl protein, lumin, gloulin, lumin/gloulin rtio nd gluose ontents, ut serum holesterol ws signifintly effeted (p<0.05) y dding these mterils. These results were in greement with report of Al-Hori et l. (1998) on rits who found tht plsm holesterol ws signifintly redued in fenugreek groups. Moreover, Sowmy nd Rjylkshmi (1999) found tht the germinted fenugreek seeds (12.5 nd 18 g/dy for 1 month) signifintly redued totl holesterol levels in humn. Adel-Rsoul nd Yousif (2003) showed tht fenugreek seed powder s psules (750 mg/kg ody weight) deresed lood holesterol in roiler hikens. Similr results were oserved y El-Ghmry et l. (2002) with Musovi dukling who demonstrted tht totl holesterol vlue in plsm of Fenugreek seeds (1.5%) tretments were signifintly lower thn those of the ontrol group. In onlusion it is 280
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