Baby Boomers Lynne Cobiac 1 & Anne Taylor, Jennifer Buckley, Graeme Hugo July 212 1 Director, Preventative Health National Research Flagship Baby Boomers: Marketing stereotype Baby Boomers (Source: Modified from Flynn 24, from G Hugo) 1. Rebellious in youth, now conservative 2. Optimistic, ambitious, loyal 3. See employment as guaranteed 4. Job status important 5. Focus on process and outputs in work 6. Committed to employer 7. Selfish (SKI) Compared to Older Cohort Different attitudes to working at older ages More healthy? More living by themselves Different housing aspirations More ethnically heterogeneous Different health problems Different living areas Fewer children Higher education More mobile Better off economically but more unequal Higher expectations Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 2 1
1881-189 1891-19 191-191 192-1922 1932-1934 1946-1948 1953-1955 1965-1967 1975-1977 1985-1987 1995-1997 24-26 27-29 7/25/212 Who are they really? Born between 1946 and 1964-28% of population Experienced transition from early modernity during childhood. Routine, predictability, security To late modernity as adult Risk, flexibility, change, uncertainty, affluence Alters food consumption Loss of 195s family meals and surrounding culture Routine provided cultural restraints now lost Flexible eating patterns, solo eating, eating in front of TV, eating out, irregular eating, snacking Alters physical activity Modernising and labour saving devices Less active occupations First generation to attribute delibitating stress to everyday life (18% BB with mental illness) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 3 Thinking about retirement: Positive? Baby Boomers in SA 1.5% retired (n=941/8948) SAMSS 27-211 More females than males retired (58% of those retired vs 47% working) Those with less education tend to be retired (59% of those retired; 44% working) Now many working longer hours Predictor of obesity Baby Boomers more likely to live longer post-retirement compared earlier years 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Life expectancy at age 45 (ABS 211) Males 4.1 36.3 Females Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 4 2
Prevalence (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 7/25/212 ABS Reasons for Retirement Survey (Males) <55 55-64 % 65+ Eligible for Super/Pension 11.6 51.4 71.2 Sickness 66.4 3.8 13.9 Retrenched 17.1 15.3 1.3 Sold Own Business 6.9 2.5 4.6 Number ( ) 182.4 515.2 24.8 Lower proportion are retiring now vs 23 (6-65 years: SAMSS) 23: 58% 21: 45% January 23 July 23 January 24 July 24 January 25 July 25 January 26 July 26 January 27 Month July 27 January 28 July 28 January 29 Actual Predicted 95% CI July 29 January 21 July 21 January 211 We see that many, if they are not ill, are delaying retirement, change in financial situations Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 6 3
Methods Data - North West Adelaide Health (Cohort) Study (n=46) Study Population 1946-1965: n=1195 1946-1955: n=558 1956-1965: n=637 Obesity and Baby boomers National 45-64 year olds highest prevalence of obesity in Australia One in 3 are obese (compared to 1 in 4 for the whole population) 7 out of 1 are either overweight or obese South Australia 45 4 Born 1946 Born 1956 38% obese 8 out of 1 older BBs are either overweight or obese 35 3 25 2 15 Source: NWAHS 211 1 5 Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 8 Underweight/normal bmi <25 Overweight: bmi =>25<3 Obese: bmi=>3 4
We are getting fatter! Changes in Prevalence of High Waist Ratio between 2-3 and 24-6 Cohort Males Females 2-3 24-6 2-3 24-6 1946-1955 75.3 79.7 71.7 76.1 1956-1965 6.8 66.7 6.2 68.8 Source: NWAHS Stages 1 and 2 Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 9 Impact of Baby Boom Obesity on Projected Number of Hospital Separations (from G Hugo) Diabetes 25 38,47 22 12,23 Complete Knee Replacements 25 28,49 22 67,619 5
(from Gary Wittert) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 11 Baby Boomers from North West Adelaide Health Study in SA.Risky business % 8 71 7 6 5 4 61 46.6 37.6 3 2 1 2.7 17.1 16.5 7.6 Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 12 6
Chronic health conditions NWAHS 211 1. 27% arthritis (higher in obese 34% vs 19% normal/uwt) 2. 4% osteoporosis 3. 16% mental conditions 4. 8% diabetes (higher in obese 12.5% vs 2.4% normal/uwt) 5. 18.5% mild to severe depression (CES-D) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 13 Lifestyle/Health care Lifestyle Those who participated in wellness programs while working, more likely to maintain healthy lifestyles when retired (Yen et al 26) Positive self-perceptions of aging predicted preventive health behaviours after retirement (Wilson et al 27) 86% have 2 or more TVs, 54.3% had 3 or more 51.2% had at least 1 computer game 12% had 1-2 bicycles 72% had at least 1 pet 92% homes smoke free Health care utilisation 3% saw a dietitian 2% saw a physiotherapist (all from NWAHS 211) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 14 7
) Attitudes to Ageing Rating of Self Protection Factors Good diet Healthy weight Exercise Curiosity/passion for life Friends 82% 84% 86% 88% 9% 92% 94% 96% 98% Baby Boomers 1946-1965 (NWAHS) Beliefs versus Lifestyle Self Protection Factors Beliefs Exercise 92.3 Actual Lifestyle Sufficient Activity 35.4 Good diet 96. Vegetables per day (median) 2. Healthy weight 94.8 Meaning in life 88.3 Friends/social engagement 86.9 Normal Wt (BMI 18.5-24.99) 25.3 Hobbies/interests 74.4 Satisfied with socialising 42.8 8
Percentage % 7/25/212 Health Resources Mainstream and At Risk Groups 6 5 4 3 2 37.7 2.1 * ** ** ** ** ** ** * 1 6.3 ** * All Baby Boomers Depressed <$4, Retired Singles >= 3 Risk Factors Poor SR Health >= 3 Chronic Conditions **p<.1; *p<.5; NWAHS Stage 2, 24 and TFU Follow-up 27. Any differences in eating habits with retirement? Retired vs working (Baby Boomers, SAMSS 27-211) Higher proportion eat >5 serves vegetables (17% vs 13%) >2 serves fruit (52% vs 45%) Never eat fast food (41% vs 26%) Never/hardly ever eat chips (36% vs 24%) Never/hardly ever eat meat (21% vs 15%) Lower proportion eat Fast food >1/week (8% vs 17%) Meat > 8 times/month (31% vs 38%) Drink > 8 glasses water/day (14% vs 17%) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 18 9
What about those who are 6-65 (ie older BBs) years and retired vs working? 1. Retired vs working Source SAMSS 27-21 1. Slightly higher obesity rate (26 vs 24%) but less overweight (41 vs 44%) 2. Sicker: More with at least one chronic condition (65 vs 54%) Diabetes (13 vs 8%) CVD (11.5 vs 1.6%) Arthritis (43.5 vs 31.5%) Osteoporosis (1 vs 5%) Disability (35 vs 18%) High cholesterol (34 vs 24%) Psychological distress (6 vs 4%) 3. More active more do sufficient activity (55 vs 48%) 4. More vegetables, fruit, less fast food, less meat Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 19 What happens to weight & diet moving from work to retirement? (Dollman & Miller 211) Weight changes not consistent May be related to level of activity of work More active in work, more likely to gain weight/increase waist circumference More vegetables consumed in retired vs working (Nooyens et al 25, Davies et al 1986, Lauque et al 1998) (But not fibre or nutrients) Lower expenditure on food Monthly spend on eating 31% lower in retired vs working Reduced spending on eating out associated with weight loss (Chung et al 27) More alcohol Increased with retirement if had sedentary job vs still working in sedentary job (Morris et al 1992) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 2 1
Baby boomers with attitude. 1. Ambivalent on whether or not fruits and vegetables are too expensive (NWAHS 211) 2. Majority felt quality of fruits and vegetables was good (~76%) (NWAHS 211) 3. Most (92%) had an evening meal cooked > 4 times per week (NWAHS 211) 4. Most overall felt happy 11% were not (Mastery & Control: NWAHS 211) 5. General health and well-being (SF-36 version 2: NWAHS 211) Lowest scores for mental health (77) general health (68) bodily pain (64) vitality (58) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 21 Weighing up health.2 1956-1965 cohort (SF-36, NWAHS) Non-Obese.15 1946-1956 cohort (SF-36, NWAHS).2 Non-Obese.1 Obese.1.5 Obese physical health mental health -.1 -.5 -.2 -.3 -.4 Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 22 11
Prevalence (%) 7/25/212 Habits are different (NWAHS 211) Eating Habits Overall 63% consumed soft/sports drinks each week 71% younger vs 55% older BBs 39% younger BBs consumed >2L vs 26% older BBs Higher waist circumference >2L/wk (34%) vs normal (25%) Obese >2L/week (29%) vs normal/underweight (22%) Overall 22% purchased fast foods for evening meal 1/fortnight 39% purchased fast foods for evening meal 1/week 17% younger BBs vs 11% older BBs >1/wk Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 23 Preclinical Alzheimer s Disease? 6 Prevalence of PiB+ve PET in HC 5 4 3 Histological postmortem Plaque (Davies, 1988, n=11, Braak, 1996, n=551, Sugihara, 1995, n=123) ~15 yrs 2 1 Prevalence of AD (Tobias, 28) Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 24 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Age (years) 12
Summary Baby Boomers, now 46-66 years of age. 1. Many will live another 4 years 2. Others are hitting retirement age, but delaying Still need research to understand changes with retirement 3. Different expectations compared to previous cohorts 4. Role of diet and lifestyle impact of obesity healthy aging 38% obese Differences between the younger and older baby boomers Reduce prevalence obesity in younger baby boomers 5. Beliefs not translating to health promoting behaviour Need to be modifying attitudes and behaviours now before retiring 6. Higher risk groups within Presentation title Presenter name Page 25 Acknowledgements Anne Taylor, University of Adelaide Jennifer Buckley, University of Adelaide Graeme Hugo, University of Adelaide Michelle Miller, Flinders University Jim Dollman, University of South Australia Nutrition in 3 rd Age Lynne Cobiac Page 26 13
Thank you Lynne Cobiac P-Health Flagship t +61 8 833 8819 e Lynne.Cobiac@csiro.au w www.csiro.au 14