DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH HHD Unit 3 AOS 1 Pg 61-76

Transcription

1 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH HHD Unit 3 AOS 1 Pg 61-76

2 INTRODUCTION There are a different factors that impact on our health and development. These factors are called Determinants of Health because their impact determines our health outcome. We can use determinants to examine individual and group/population health. They can increase the risk of or protect against ill health.

3 INTRODUCTION Risk factors are factors that increase the risk of ill health, disease or condition. Protective factors are foacts the reduce or lessen the chance of ill health, disease or condition. What are some possible risk factos and protective factors?

4 INTRODUCTION Risk factors Protective factors lower socio-economic status smoking high blood cholesterol high fat diet sedentary lifestyle Binge drinking High Alcohol Consumption Unprotected sex Not going to the dentist adequate physical activity balanced diet socially active visit dentist regularly don t smoke manage alcohol intake limiting and monitoring sun exposure

5 INTRODUCTION Some determinants can be modifiable e.g. diet and some can not e.g. genetics

6 TYPES OF DETERMINANTS Three types of determinants Biological Behavioural Social

7 BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANT Sometimes called biomedical determinant of health relates to the body and how it is functioning. many biological determinants are interrelated in causing ill health or disease.

8 BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANT Genetics, including sex Blood pressure Blood cholesterol Impaired glucose regulation Birth weight Body weight

9 BEHAVIOURAL DETERMINANT are caused by the actions or lifestyle of a person They can be protective or risk factors. Major cause of burden of disease in Australia.

10 BEHAVIOURAL DETERMINANT Tobacco smoking Physical activity levels Alcohol consumption Illicit drug use/drug misuse Sexual behaviour Vaccinations Excessive sun exposure Risk taking behaviour Dietary behaviour

11 SOCIAL DETERMINANT includes society and the social environment one interacts in

12 SOCIAL DETERMINANT Socio-economic status Stress Early life experiences Social exclusion Work Social support Access to health care Food Security Transport Quality of housing Unemployment

13 YOUR ROLE Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun 6th 7th Swimming 8th Camp Camp Camp Strike 15th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 25th 26th 27th 28th 1st 4th SAC!

14 DETERMINANTS CHART Summarise all the determinant must be able to apply them when we return on the 18th of Feb Using a table, outline: - what the determinant is - how it is a protective factor - how it is a risk factor

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16 NOW IN CLASS Comparing developed countries. pg complete test your knowledge q1-3 pg 31 Apply your knowledge q5-6 pg 31

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19 EXAMPLE- Social Determinant Socioeconomic status Those that are SE disadvantaged tend to have poorer health and greater risk of premature death. the relationship is complex e.g Continuously to sick to work or attend school Good health involves reducing levels of education failure, reducing insecurity and unemployment, improving housing standards and increasing the active role of people in the life of their communities.

20 EXAMPLE- Social Determinant Transport A positive transport system encourages less driving and more cycling and walking in the community. This includes the support of an quality public transport system Increase physical activity and social contact. Increase technology and mechanic have lessen our physical workload Well planned and constructed roads/urban environments reduces road accidents and encourages safe driving. Walking and cycling also help reduce pollution.

21 EXAMPLE- Behavioural Determinant Sexual Behaviour Unprotected sexual activity Increase risk of STI s Increase risk of Unwanted pregnancies Increase risk of cervical cancer

22 EXAMPLE- biological Determinant Genetics Genetic predisposition to disease and health conditions Gender and hormones- oestrogen and testosterone Men- prostate cancer and testicular cancer Women- ovarian, cervical and breast cancer Women- birth and pregancy

23 Linking HS variations and determinants Chapter (pg ) Indigenous and non indigenous Males and females Socioeconomic status Rural and remote population

24 Biological Behavioural Social Genetics, including sex Blood pressure Blood cholesterol Body weight Impaired glucose regulation Birth weight Tobacco smoking Physical activity levels Alcohol consumption Illicit drug use/drug misuse Dietary behaviour Sexual behaviour Vaccinations Excessive sun exposure Risk taking behaviour Socio-economic status Stress Early life experiences Social exclusion Work Unemployment Social support Access to health care Food Security Transport Quality of housing

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26 Complete Pg. 90 Test your knowledge Q 2, 4, 6 Apply your knowledge 10, 11, 13, 14

27 Oestrogen regulates menstrual cycle and bone strength. Menopause is when levels decrease Can lead to loss of bone mass Also linked to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease- link to fat distribution Testosterone High levels may reduce the risk of heart disease Also increase risk taking behaviour and smoking rates When levels drop (40+) can result in loss of se drive, fatigue and depression

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32 PRACTICE SAC QUESTIONS Provide three reasons that might account for the higher death rates due to injuries in males. 1. Which risk factor is higher for people in higher socioeconomic status groups? Which determinants of health may influence this trend? 2. Suggest possible reasons why people from lower socioeconomic status groups experience higher rates of infant mortality.

33 PRACTICE SAC QUESTIONS Would you expect the health of those living in rural and remote Victoria to be better that those living in rural and remote Western Australia? Justify your response. 4. How could access to GP s be improved for people in rural and remote areas? 5. Discuss the determinants of health that may contribute to higher rates of cardiovascualr disease for people in rural and remote populations.

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38 Socioeconomic factors such as income, employment, education, social support and housing are all intricately linked to health. Education, employment and income are the most commonly used measures of socioeconomic status.

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40 Answer A possible answer would have been: The rates of premature death increase as SES decreases, increasing from 100 per females in the highest SES category to approximately 175 per in the lowest SES category. The gap in premature deaths increases for men and women as SES decreases. This difference is approximately 75 per in the highest SES, increasing to approximately 140 per

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42 Question 4ci. Other determinants of health (other than socioeconomic status) are: biological body weight, glucose intolerance, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and birth weight behavioural tobacco use, physical activity, alcohol use, illicit drug use, eating practices social access to health care, education, employment, housing, early life experiences, social networks and support.

43 Question 4cii. Possible answers included: body weight high levels of obesity are often found in the lowest socioeconomic status population group. This may have an impact on high levels of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, colorectal cancer and therefore rates of premature death income may influence foods chosen. People from a low socioeconomic status are more likely to consume a high-fat diet, which may be less expensive than a diet of fruit, vegetables and meat. This may lead to diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and type 2 diabetes access to health care may be reduced for those with low socioeconomic status due to the cost. This reduces opportunities to access preventative care, diagnosis and treatment, increasing the risk of premature death from a range of diseases such as cancer, communicable diseases and cardiovascular diseases. People with low socioeconomic status are more likely to live shorter lives and have increased rates of illness, disability and death. They are more likely to have low incomes, low levels of employment, lower health literacy and a greater influence of friends towards unhealthy behaviours such as smoking, heavy alcohol use and poor diet. Risks to health include obesity and sedentary exercise levels; therefore they are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. If students chose a determinant that did not link to socioeconomic status they could not be awarded any marks.

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