UPDATE: Ethnic Testosterone Differentials

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Transcription:

UPDATE: Ethnic Testosterone Differentials Country (ethnicity), n Total t [pg/ml] Source [comment] Egypt (Egyptian), 380 4293 (2835) Ghazi et al. (2012) Iraq (Arab), 100 6300 (2100) Al Chalabi & Al Waeli (2010) Iran (Iranian), 172 6400 (2140) Safarinejad et al. (2011) Iran (Iranian), 40 9650 (2160) Afkhami Ardekani et al. (2010) Iran (Iranian), 40 12770 (300) Venezuela (Venezuelan), 52 5182 (2157) Szemat et al. (2003) Turkey (Turk), 119 3864 (1546) Mustafa et al. (2011) Turkey (Turk), 196 3839 (1706) Turkey (Turk), 102 4672 (n/a) Haliloglu et al. (2013) Nigeria (Nigerian), 130 6379 (2107) Okeoghene et al. (2011) Nigeria (Nigerian), 40 9000 (2800) Usoro et al. (2005) Nigeria (Nigerian), 20 6260 (20) Emokpae et al. (2007) Nigeria (Nigerian), 100 6000 (240) Egwurugwu et al. (2011) Australia (Aussie), 425 4272 (n/a) Yeap et al. (2008) Australia (Aussie), 914 Belgium (Belgian), 40 Belgium (Belgian), 61 Belgium (Belgian), 271 4387 (n/a) 5764 (n/a) 5048 (n/a) 4598 (n/a) Van den Saffele et al. (1999) Spain (Spaniard), 129 5675 (2044) Martinez-Jabaloyas (2006) [ED] Spain (Spaniard), 478 4662 (n/a) Morote et al. (2009) Finland (Finn), 24 4792 (1299) Huovinen et al. (2009) Greece (Greek), 64 7660 (350) Kukuvitis et al. (2002) Germany (German), 1188 4965 (n/a) Volzke et al. (2010) Netherlands (Dutch), 1450) 4272 (1616) Giltay et al. (2012) Italy (Italian), 29 6321 (202) Lanfranco et al. (2004) Italy (Italian), 40 6100 (1000) Condorelli, Calogero & La Vignera (2013) Taiwan (Chinese), 702 3894 (1076) Liu et al. (2012) Taiwan (Chinese), 562 5528 (n/a) Jiann et al (2011) Taiwan (Chinese), 650 4583 (n/a) Lin et al (2006) Japan (Japanese), 232 4506 (n/a) Fujii et al. (2007) South Korea (Korean), 405 4641 (1719) Kang et al. (2013) South Korea (Korean), 107 4742 (n/a) Hong et al. (2009) *ED erectile dysfunction

ETHNIC GROUP n t OLD nt nt Rank n t NEW nt nt Rank pg/ml pg/ml African 4856 5442 3 5146 5507 3 Outside Africa 3971 5333 3971 5333 Indigenous 885 5932 1175 6097 Middle Eastern 1179 4647 6 2076 4542 7 Arab 734 4322 834 4559 Egyptian 90 9537 470 5297 Turk 355 4080 772 4064 East Asian 17984 5673 2 20642 5536 2 Chinese 8347 5564 10261 5386 Japanese 2915 5152 3147 5104 Korean 5250 5700 5762 5608 Malay 1435 7265 1435 7265 Thai 37 5378 37 5378 European 41718 4992 5 46831 4953 5 North America 13909 5056 13909 5056 Australasia 391 4812 1730 4455 Europe 26267 4934 30041 4909 Latin America 1151 5129 1151 5129 Indo-Aryan 1487 5700 1 1739 6023 1 Indian 907 6224 907 6224 Iranian 658 4978 910 5795 American 688 5187 4 688 5187 4 Latin American 1374 4548 7 1426 4571 6 From the updated results, if one considers only the so-called macro races, compared to European males, African and East Asian males have about 11% more testosterone on average. This is the result of some 199 peer-reviewed articles.

REFERENCES Al Chalabi, S., and A. Al Waeli. 2010. The Relationship Between Serum Testosterone Level, Lipid Profile And Blood Pressure In Infertile Men. Tikrit Medical Journal 16(2): 120-123. Afkhami Ardekani, M., Borgian, L. Mohiti-Ardekani, J., et al. 2010. The Evaluation of Serum Level of Testosterone and Sex Hormone- Binding Globulin in Men with Type 2 Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity 2(1): 12-15. Condorelli, R., Calogero, A., and S. La Vignera. 2013. Relationship between Testicular Volume and Conventional or Nonconventional Sperm Parameters. International Journal of Endocrinology ID 145792, 6p. Egwurugwu, A., Nwafor, A., Chike, C., et al. 2011. The relationship between body mass index, semen and sex hormones in adult male. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 26(1): 29 34. Emokpae, M., Uadia, P., Omale-Itodo, A., and T. Orok. 2007. Male infertility and endocrinopathies in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine 6(2): 64-67. Fujii, Y., Yonese, J., Kawakami, S., 2007. Equivalent and sufficient effects of leuprolide acetate and goserelin acetate to suppress serum testosterone levels in patients with prostate cancer. BJU International 101: 1096-1100. Ghazi, S., Zohdy, W., ElKhiat, Y., and R. Shamloul. 2012. Serum testosterone levels in diabetic men with and without erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 44(6): 373-380. Giltay, E., Geleijnse, J., Heijboer, A., et al. 2012. No effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on serum total testosterone levels in older men: the Alpha Omega Trial. International Journal of Andrology 35: 680 687. Haliloglu, A., Gökçe, I., Özcan, C., et al. 2013. Serum testosterone levels, testis volume, and the risk of prostate cancer: are these factors related? Turkish Journal of Urology 39(1): 12-15. Hong, S., Min, G., Ha, S., et al. 2009. Effect of the dual 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride, on serum testosterone and body mass index in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU International 105: 970-974. Huovinen, J, Tulppo, M., Nissila, J., et al. 2009. Relationship between heart rate variability and the serum testosterone-to-cortisol ratio during military service. European Journal of Sport Science 9(5): 277-284.

Jiann, B-P., Hseih, J-T., Liu, S-P., et al. 2011. Associations of endogenous testosterone and lipid profiles in middle-aged to older Taiwanese men. International Journal of Impotence Research 23: 62 69. Kang, S., Park, H., and N. Park. 2013. Serum Total Testosterone Level and Identification of Late-Onset Hypogonadism: A Community-Based Study. Korean Journal of Urology 54: 619-623. Kukuvitis, A., Georgiou, I., Bouba, I., et al. 2002. Association of oestrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms and androgen receptor CAG trinucleotide repeats with male infertility: a study in 109 Greek infertile men. International Journal of Andrology 25: 149 152. Lanfranco, F., Zitzmann, M., Simoni, M., and E. Nieschlag. 2004. Serum adiponectin levels in hypogonadal males: influence of testosterone replacement therapy. Clinical Endocrinology 60: 500 507. Lin, Y., Hwang, T., Chiang, H., et al. 2006. Correlations of androgen deficiency with clinical symptoms in Taiwanese males. International Journal of Impotence Research 18: 343 347. Liu, C-C., Lee, Y-C., Wang, C-J., et al. 2012. The Impact of Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Polymorphism on Andropausal Symptoms in Different Serum Testosterone Levels. Journal of Sexual Medicine 9(9): 2429 2437. Martinez-Jabaloyas, J., Queipo-Zaragoza, A., Pastor-Hernandez, P, et al. 2006. Testosterone levels in men with erectile dysfunction. BJU International 97: 1278 1283. Morote, J., Ramirez, C., Gomez, E., et al. 2009. The relationship between total and free serum testosterone and the risk of prostate cancer and tumour aggressiveness. BJU International 107: 486-489. Mustafa, M., Çelik, M., Horsanli, O., et al. 2011. Relationship between serum PSA and testosterone levels in two different geographic regions of Turkey. Turk Üroloji Dergisi 37(1): 9-13. Okeoghene, O., Sonny, C., Olufemi, F., and A. Wale. 2011. Hypogonadism and Subnormal Total Testosterone Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 21(9): 146-152. Safarinejad, M., Shafiei, N., and S. Safarinejad. 2011. Evaluating the role of the FSH receptor gene Thr307-Ala and Asn 680-Ser polymorphisms in male infertility and their association with semen quality and reproductive hormones. BJU International 108(2-2): E117-E125. Szemat, R., et al. 2003. Hypogonadism in male osteoporosis within the Venezuelan population. Incidence 2001-2002. International Journal of Impotence Research 15, Suppl 3, S4. [http://www.nature.com/ijir/journal/v15/n3s/pdf/3901034a.pdf]

Usoro, C., Agukpaha, I., and A. Nsonwu. 2005. Testosterone Levels in Hypertensive Nigerian Men. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi 30 (4): 285-289. Van den Saffele, J., Goemaere, S., Bacquer, D., and J. Kaufman. 1999. Serum leptin levels in healthy ageing men: are decreased serum testosterone and increased adiposity in elderly men the consequence of leptin deficiency? Clinical Endocrinology 51(1): 81 88. Yeap, B., Almeida, O., Hyde, Z., et al. 2008. Higher serum free testosterone is associated with better cognitive function in older men, while total testosterone is not. The Health In Men Study. Clinical Endocrinology 68: 404 412. Volzke, H., Aumann, N., Krebs, A., et al. 2010. Hepatic steatosis is associated with low serum testosterone and high serum DHEAS levels in men. International Journal of Andrology 33: 45 53.

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