Identifying Functional Groups (Chapter 2 in the Klein text)
Basic Ideas A functional group is a substructure within a molecule that will have the potential to undergo chemical change, i.e. the group has a function. There are actually dozens of functional groups within the broader subject of Organic Chemistry, however at the intro level we focus on fewer than 20. In this tutorial you will find, and then be quizzed on, these groups.
Alkyl Halides Must contain a carbon-based group with at least one halogen
Alkenes Must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond
Alkynes Must contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
Alcohols Must contain at least one isolated OH group
Ethers Contain a C-O-C group that is not connected to C=O
Thiols Contain an SH group that is not connected to C=O
Sulfides Feature the C-S-C pattern and are similar to ethers
Aromatics (Arenes) Will have at least one benzene ring (at this stage)
Ketones Contain a C=O carbonyl group bonded to 2 other C groups
Aldehydes Contain a C=O carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen
Carboxylic Acids Contain a C=O carbonyl group with OH directly attached
Acid (or Acyl) Chlorides Contain a C=O carbonyl group with Cl directly attached
Acid Anhydrides Feature two C=O groups joined through O
Esters A C=O carbonyl group directly attached to OR group
Amides A C=O carbonyl group directly attached to NR 2 group
Amines N-containing molecules with sp 3 N and without the C=O directly attached
Examples of Functional Groups : 1 What is the functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 1 answer What is the functional group in the following molecule? Amide
Examples of Functional Groups : 2 What is the functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 2 answer What is the functional group in the following molecule? Sulfide
Examples of Functional Groups : 3 What is the functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 3 answer What is the functional group in the following molecule? Anhydride
Examples of Functional Groups : 4 Where is the ether functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 4 answer Where is the ether functional group in the following molecule? Ether functional group
Examples of Functional Groups : 5 Where is the amine functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 5 answer Where is the amine functional group in the following molecule? Amine functional group
Examples of Functional Groups : 6 Where is the arene functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 6 answer Where is the arene functional group in the following molecule? Arene functional group
Examples of Functional Groups : 7 Where is the carboxylic acid functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 7 answer Where is the carboxylic acid functional group in the following molecule? Carboxylic acid functional group
Examples of Functional Groups : 8 Where is the alcohol functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 8 answer Where is the alcohol functional group in the following molecule? Alcohol functional group
Examples of Functional Groups : 9 Where is the alkyl halide functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 9 answer Where is the alkyl halide functional group in the following molecule? Alkyl halide functional group
Examples of Functional Groups : 10 Where is the amide functional group in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 10 answer Where is the amide functional group in the following molecule? Amide halide functional group
Examples of Functional Groups : 11 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 11 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Amide, amine, alkene and ether
Examples of Functional Groups : 12 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 12 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Alcohol, amine, ether and ketone
Examples of Functional Groups : 13 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 13 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Sulfide, ketone, amine and arene
Examples of Functional Groups : 14 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 14 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Amine, carboxylic acid, thiol and alkene
Examples of Functional Groups : 15 Which functional groups are present in the following molecule?
Examples of Functional Groups : 15 answer Which functional groups are present in the following molecule? Amide, alkyl halide, thiol and aromatic ring
You can now apply these patterns to other complex organic molecules dr-peter-norris.com